Rules for playing American billiards. General rules of the game pool What is pool in games
Billiards is one of the most popular games in the modern world, it can be played either by two or by a team, that is, for kicks, and there are a huge number of varieties of this entertainment, each of which enjoys greater or lesser recognition among players.
Rules for playing American billiards pool
Today, almost every beginner knows the rules of playing Pool Eight (American billiards), because it is not only an interesting and exciting entertainment, but also a kind of sport that involves victories and defeats. For this game, special tables are used, designed specifically for Pool, fifteen balls of various colors and numbered, as well as professional cues.
The balls are placed in the usual way using a triangle, which presses the balls tightly against each other and prevents them from scattering across the field. Each hit on the cue ball is carried out with a sticker on the cue, but if a mistake is made, a full is automatically declared. The transition from one player to another occurs in case of a miss, that is, if the object ball does not fall into the pocket.
The first move, according to the rules of the game of American billiards, is played between the participants in the competition by breaking the triangle installed on the table, and the cue balls, in turn, are installed at the front side, the goal is to break the pyramid in such a way that the object ball touches the back side of the table and returns to the front line, Whose ball is closest to the goal wins the right to make the first move. In some cases, players simply draw lots, which determines the winner; this issue can be resolved by agreement.
The game of American pool billiards is a custom game, which means that each player declares those balls that he can obviously send into pre-designated pockets; accurate hitting gives the player additional advantages. However, it is worth noting here that the first hit cannot be ordered, it only gives the opportunity to the player who plays it correctly and ends up in the pocket to make the next move. Since the game uses fifteen balls, they are divided into two groups, “solid” and “striped”, each with seven pieces, the fifteenth ball stands out from the rest, it is the target - the eight. The point of the game is for each player to try to pocket balls from their “striped” or “solid” group as quickly as possible and use the last eighth ball before the opponent.
Shots in this game must be accurate, and according to the rules of the game of billiards, the cue ball must touch the balls of its group and drive at least one of them into the pocket. If this does not happen, then the object ball or cue ball must touch the side of the table. Balls cannot be considered correctly played in the following cases:
If the blow was made incorrectly,
If the directly ordered ball was not played,
If even before the strike they announced a win back.
There are also frequent cases when object balls jump over the side of the playing field; in this case, the turn simply changes from one player to another, but if the eight flies overboard, the game is considered lost.
A loss without extending the game may be counted in the following cases:
1. Violations of the rules of American pool billiards,
2. The figure eight goes overboard,
3. The eight was pocketed into any other than the ordered pocket,
4. An eight was pocketed before all seven balls in the group were pocketed, and so on.
Of course, in most games, at a certain stage, a leader and a loser clearly appear, but there are also moments when each of the players makes some mistakes three times in a row, in which case a stalemate is recognized and a new game is announced, designed to reveal the real winner .
These rules are common to all types of pool described below.
1. BILLIARDS EQUIPMENT.
All billiard games described below must be played using pool tables, balls and equipment that meet World Pool Association or BCA standards.
2. ARRANGEMENT OF BALLS.
When placing the balls, a triangle must be used and the front ball must be placed on the back mark. All other balls should be lined up behind the front one and pressed tightly against each other.
3. HITTING THE CALL.
The cue ball should only be struck with the cue stick. Otherwise a foul is called.
4. MISSING THE POCKET.
If a player misses a correct shot, that is, does not pot an object ball, then his streak ends and the opponent enters the game.
5. PLAYING THE INITIAL KICK.
When playing the kickoff (break), the following procedure is used. Taking a ball of the same size and weight (preferably two cue balls or at least two non-striped object balls) and placing them on opposite sides of the front mark, the players simultaneously shoot from behind the front line (from home), sending balls to the back board and back. The player whose ball lands closest to the front board wins. In this case, the ball must touch the back side at least once. The rally is considered automatically lost if: (1) the ball entered the opponent's half, (2) did not reach the back side, (3) fell into a pocket, (4) jumped over the side, (5) touched the long side, (6) stopped in in the corner pocket behind the lip of the front board or (7) touched the back board two or more times. If both opponents violate the rules, or if the referee cannot determine whose ball stopped closer to the front board, then the rally is repeated.
6. INITIAL IMPACT (BREAKING).
The right to perform a kick-off is granted based on the results of a rally or lot (the drawing is mandatory during official competitions). The winner of the rally or toss has the right to make the initial kick or concede it to the opponent.
The cue ball is introduced into the game by hitting it from the hand from the house. In this case, object balls are placed according to the rules of each specific game. The cue ball is considered to be in play once it has crossed the front line as a result of being struck by the cue stick.
7. HAND KICK FROM THE HOUSE.
A home shot is performed at the beginning of the game and after the cue ball falls into the pocket in cases specifically stipulated by the rules of each specific game. A participant entering the game can place the cue ball anywhere in the house. He can hit any object ball that is centered outside the home (including the front line). Hitting object balls in the house is possible only if the cue ball first leaves the house and then, after hitting the tailgate, returns back into the house. The position of the ball is determined by the position of its center (or the point of contact of the ball with the playing surface). Before crossing the front line, the cue ball must not touch the object balls located in the house.
The cue ball is considered to be put into play after it leaves the house as a result of being hit with a cue stick. While the cue ball is not in play, it can be corrected by hand, cue, etc. However, any touching of the cue ball after it has been put into play will result in a foul.
8. PLAYING FROM HAND.
If the rules of a particular game provide for play in hand after a foul is called, then the entering opponent may place the cue ball anywhere on the playing surface of the table and hit any object ball.
9. BALLS PLAYED.
The ball is considered played (pocketed) if, as a result of a correct shot, it falls into the pocket. A ball that jumps out of the pocket onto the playing surface of the table is considered unplayed.
10. POSITION OF BALLS.
The position of the ball is determined by the position of its lowest point (or center).
11. TOUCHING THE FLOOR.
When making a kick, at least one foot of the player must touch the floor, otherwise a penalty will be imposed.
12. PERFORMING A KICK BEFORE THE BALLS STOP.
A player is penalized with a foul if he hits before the cue ball or any object ball has come to a complete stop (a ball spinning in place is considered moving.)
13. COMPLETION OF THE IMPACT.
The strike is considered completed only after all the balls have completely stopped on the playing surface of the table.
14. HOUSE AND FRONT LINE.
The front line is not part of the house. Therefore, if the rules of the game require that the balls be struck outside the house, then the object ball located exactly on the front line is played. Accordingly, when entering the game from home (from the hand behind the front line), the cue ball should not be placed directly on the front line, but a little closer.
15. GENERAL RULE FOR ALL VIOLATIONS.
Although specific billiard games may impose different penalties for the same infraction, the following general rules apply to all infractions: (1) the stroke goes to the opponent, (2) no pocketed ball counts, and (3) any ball ( balls) are placed only if this is provided for by the rules of a particular game.
16. MISSING A LEGAL BALL.
A shot is considered illegal if the cue ball does not touch any of the legal (regular) object balls, that is, balls whose first contact is provided for by the rules of a particular game. Playing away from an object ball located close to the cue ball does not count as hitting that ball.
17. CORRECT KICK.
The shot is considered correct if the cue ball first touches the legal (next) object ball, and then either (1) one of the object balls falls into the pocket, or (2) the cue ball or any of the object balls is brought to the edge. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in a foul.
18. THE CALL FALLS INTO A Pocket.
If the cue ball falls into the pocket during the shot, a foul is declared.
For touching any object ball or cue ball with your body, clothing, chalk, machine, cue shaft, etc. during the game. a fine is imposed. You can only touch the cue ball with the cue stick when performing a correct shot.
If the cue stick touches the cue ball more than once during a shot, or if the cue stick touches the cue ball while the cue ball is touching (or after the cue ball has touched) the object ball, a penalty is assessed. If there is any illegal object ball close to the cue ball, the shot must be struck away from it, otherwise a penalty will be imposed.
If a player pushes the cue ball forward, delaying the contact time of the cue sticker with the cue ball out of proportion to the swing motion, a penalty is imposed.
22. CORRECT JUMP.
When jumping correctly, the blow must be struck with a raised cue into the upper half of the ball. However, any kick, that is, slipping of the cue sticker on the surface of the cue ball, is penalized when performing a jump. Performing a jump by any other means is prohibited.
23. JUMPED BALLS.
Balls that have stopped after being hit outside the playing surface of the table (on an elastic board, on a handrail, on the floor, etc.) are considered to have jumped out. The ball is not considered to have jumped out if, having hit the upper part of the elastic side or handrail, it independently returns to the playing surface again without touching any other object that is not a stationary part of the table. (If the ball touches any object that is not part of the table, for example, a lighting fixture, chalk on the board or handrail, etc., then it is considered to have jumped out, even if it then returns to the playing surface on its own).
In all pocket billiard games, a shot that causes the cue ball or any of the object balls to go overboard is penalized. All popped object balls are placed after all balls have completely stopped on the playing surface of the table. The popped cue ball is put into play in accordance with the rules of each specific game.
24. SIMULTANEOUS VIOLATION OF SEVERAL RULES.
If several rules are violated when making a kick, the player is punished with one foul, and the most severe penalty is imposed for the most flagrant violation committed during the kick.
25. SELF-ARBINORY MOVEMENT OF BALLS.
If the ball moves, rolls, turns, or otherwise moves spontaneously, it is left where it stops and play continues. If a ball hovering over a pocket remains motionless for five seconds or more and then falls into the pocket, then it should be restored to its original place and play continues.
If, during a shot, the object ball spontaneously falls into the pocket before hitting the cue ball, then the cue ball and object ball are restored to their original positions, after which the shot is repeated. The same applies to spontaneous displacement at the moment of impact of any other object ball.
26. PLAYING BALLS.
If the rules of a particular game require one or more balls to be fielded, after the stroke is completed they are placed on the lengthwise line as follows: the ball with the lowest number is placed on the back mark, and the rest, in ascending order of number, are placed one after the other towards the back edge. . If the balls on the table do not allow the specified requirement to be met exactly, then the exposed balls are placed on the longitudinal line as close as possible to the back mark, close to the interfering object balls, without moving them. If the cue ball interferes, then the exposed balls are placed as close to it as possible, but not close.
If there is not enough space for the balls to be placed between the back mark and the back wall, then the balls are placed on the extension of the longitudinal line in front of the back mark (between the back mark and the center) as close to it as possible, while the ball with the lowest number must be in front, and the rest, in ascending order of numbers, are located one after another towards the rear mark.
27. BALLS FALLED WITH THE PLAYED BALLS.
If, when performing a correct shot, other object balls fall into the pockets along with the played one, then they are counted in accordance with the rules of each specific game.
28. INTERVENTION OF A STRANGER.
If during play the balls are moved due to the intervention of an unauthorized person (either directly or through any influence on the player taking the stroke), they are returned to their original positions and play continues without penalty. If the game is official, then the referee restores the position. This rule should also be applied in case of emergencies such as an earthquake, hurricane, falling lighting fixture, accident, etc. If the position cannot be restored, then the game is replayed, with the same player making the initial blow. This rule, however, does not apply to the game "14+1 with continuation", in which one game consists of successive pyramids. Therefore, the drawing of the current pyramid is interrupted, and the drawing of a new one begins, while the right of the initial strike is determined anew. The score, however, remains the same as it was when the game was suspended.
29. ORDER OF INITIAL IMPACT.
If a match is held until a certain number of victories or games have been played, then the winner of each individual game makes the first blow in the next one. At the discretion of the competition organizers, the following options are possible: (1) Players take turns. (2) The loser breaks. (3) Breaks the loser into games.
30. ENTRY INTO THE OPPONENT'S GAME.
If the player was unable to pocket the ball correctly or violated the rules, then the opponent enters the game. If the rules are not violated, then the opponent accepts the current position on the table.
31. BALL ON BOARD.
A shot at an object ball that is close to the board must result in (1) one of the object balls falling into a pocket, or (2) the cue ball hitting the board, or (3) that object ball hitting the other board (with which it was not originally in contact). contact), or (4) bringing another object ball to the edge.
Failure to comply with any one of these four requirements will result in a foul.
The fact that the object ball touches the side must be witnessed by the referee or one of the players, which must be announced before the shot.
32. CALL INSTALLATION.
When playing by hand, the cue ball can be set with your hand or any part of the cue (including the sticker). After placing the cue ball, any forward movement of the cue accompanied by contact with the cue ball is considered to be the start of a shot.
33. INTERFERENCE IN THE OPPONENT’S GAME.
If a player distracts his opponent or interferes with his play, this is considered a foul. Interference is considered to be striking out of turn, as well as dislodging any ball during the opponent’s play.
A variation of the game of pocket billiards - pool(from the French poule, i.e. “bet, bullet, bank”). This game is also called American pool or American billiards.
The history of the origin of the game of pool
American pool originated in 1857. There is a document from this year - patent No. 19.101, issued to the American Michael Phelan, for the invention of a new type of pocket. And before that, in America there were only English billiard tables measuring 6*12 feet. (they still play snooker on them).
The pocket on English tables is completely different in quality, not in size. Her lips are rounded. And Phelan made a straight cut. Then the tables became smaller. At professional tournaments (1850-70) there were tables 11 feet long. Since 1971, 10 feet has become the standard length; This applies to both carom and pocket tables. The width of the pocket was 4 inches. This was the case until 1949. The Billiard Congress of America, formed in 1948, protected the interests of those who produced gaming equipment and profited from it.
In this regard, we have brought order to the rules and standards. The game will be brighter and more lively if the pockets are expanded and the table is smaller. After all, there will be more attacks if there are fewer defense tactics. All these innovations were supposed to restore American billiards, which was in decline. The BCA in 1949 approved a new standard for tournament equipment that was held officially. The game has changed significantly. The table size became 4.5 * 9 feet with 5-inch pockets. On the old tables the record was 309 balls (1945 by Willie Mosconi), and on the new tables the record was 526 balls (1954 by Willie Mosconi).
1 ft=0.305m
1 inch=2.54cm
Name of the game - " pool"at first did not apply to American pocket billiards. When pool was just developing, billiard tables were located at hippodromes, where bets were accepted, so that people could have fun between races or races. Establishments of this type were collectively called “pool rooms.” Later, pool itself became popular, and the term became the name of American billiards.
A complete set of balls includes 15 numbered special colored balls and one white cue ball. Object balls are numbered from 1 to 15. Numbers from 1 to 8 are solid colors: 1-yellow, 2-blue, 3-red, 4-violet (magenta), 5-orange, 6-green, 7-maroon , 8-black. Object balls numbered 9 to 15 are white, but with a central stripe of the following colors: 9 yellow, 10 blue, 11 red, 12 violet (magenta), 13 orange, 14 green, 15 dark -burgundy.
General rules for playing American pool (billiards)
1. Billiards equipment
All games use balls, pool tables and equipment that meet BCA or World Pool Association standards.
2. Ball placement
You need to use a triangle, placing the front ball on the back mark. The other balls line up tightly against the front ball.
3. Hit the cue ball
It is applied only with the sticker of the cue, otherwise a foul will be declared.
4. Missing the pocket
If the player does not pocket the object ball, i.e. misses with the right shot, then he ends his streak, and the opponent starts the game.
5. Playing the kickoff when playing American pool
When breaking, the following course of the game is proposed: take a ball of equal weight and size (preferably 2 cue balls and 2 aiming non-striped balls), place them from the front mark on opposite sides and at the same time perform a hand shot from the house (from behind the front line), sending the balls to the tailgate and back. The winner will be the player whose ball stops closest to the front board, and he also needs to touch the back board at least once. The draw will be considered lost (automatically) if:
1) the ball did not reach the tailgate.
2) entered the enemy’s half.
3) jumped overboard.
4) fell into a pocket.
5) stopped in the corner pocket behind the lip of the front board.
6) touched the long side.
7) touched the tailgate 2 times or more.
If the rules are violated by both opponents, and it is difficult for the judge to determine whose ball is closer to the front board, then the rally must be repeated.
6. Breaking (initial blow)
It is mandatory to hold a drawing if there are official competitions. It is based on its results (or by lot) that the right to perform the initial kick is granted. The one who wins the rally may concede the opening kick to the opponent.
The cue ball is put into play by hitting it from the house. Object balls are placed according to the rules of each specific game. The cue ball is recognized as being put into play when, after hitting it with a cue (sticker), it crosses the front line.
7. Hit “from home”
This blow is made at the beginning of the game and after the cue ball falls into the pocket in those cases stipulated by the rules of each specific game. The player entering the game has the right to place the cue ball anywhere in the house. He is allowed to hit any object ball whose center is outside the home (and on the front line). It is allowed to hit object balls that are in the house when the cue ball first leaves the house and then returns to the house, hitting the tailgate. The position of the ball can be determined by the position of its center or the point where the ball touches the surface of the table. The cue ball has no right (before crossing the front line) to touch the object balls located in the house.
The cue ball will be recognized as entered into the game if it leaves the house after being hit by the cue sticker. Before introducing the cue ball into the game, it is allowed to correct it with a cue or hand. And after the cue ball is put into play, you cannot touch it. Otherwise a foul will be called.
8. Game "from hand"
Some rules of a particular game allow play from the hand after a foul is called. In this case, the opponent who enters the game has the right to place the cue ball anywhere on the playing surface and hit any target ball.
9. Pocketed balls
A ball that falls into the pocket after a correct shot is considered played. A ball that has jumped out of the pocket onto the playing surface is considered unplayed.
10. Position of balls in American billiards
Determined by where its center (or lowest point) is located.
11. Touching the floor
One player's foot always touches the floor when making a kick. Otherwise there will be a fine.
12. Performing a strike until the balls stop
If the shot is made before the cue ball or any object ball stops. (The ball is considered moving if it rotates in place). In this case, a foul is called.
13. Finishing the shot
Only after all the balls on the playing surface have stopped will the stroke be considered completed.
14. "Home" and the front line
The front line is not part of the “house”. The object ball, which is located on the front line, is played if the rules of the game require hitting balls outside the home. Consequently, it is not recommended to place the cue ball brought into play from home (from the hand behind the front line) directly on the front line, but a little closer.
15. General rule for all violations
For the same violation in specific, defined games of billiards, different fines may be imposed. However, there is a general rule for all violations.
1) the right to strike is transferred to the enemy.
2) not a single pocketed ball is counted.
3) any ball (or balls) is exposed only when it is taken into account in the rules of this particular game.
16. Missing a legal ball
If the cue ball does not touch any of the next (legal) object balls, and according to the rules of this game the first contact with them is provided, then the shot is counted as illegal. If you play away from an object ball located close to the cue ball, then such play will not count as a hit on that ball.
17. Correct strike
If the cue ball first touches the next (legal) object ball, and then any of the object balls fall into the pocket, or the cue ball (or any of the object balls) is brought to the side, then the shot is considered legal. Otherwise, if these requirements are not met, a foul will result.
18. The cue ball falls into the pocket
A foul is declared if the cue ball falls into the pocket upon impact.
A penalty is imposed if, during the game, clothing, body, chalk, cue shaft, etc., touches the cue ball or any object ball. Only the cue stick can touch the cue ball. In this case the blow is correct.
A penalty is imposed if the cue stick touches the cue ball more than once during a shot; if during (or after) the cue ball touches the object ball, the sticker also touches the cue ball.
A penalty will also be assessed if the shot is not made away from any illegal object ball located close to the cue ball.
A penalty is imposed if the contact time of the cue sticker with the cue ball is delayed (which is contrary to the swing motion) when pushing the cue ball forward.
22. Correct jump
The jump is considered correct if the blow with a raised cue is made into the upper half of the ball. But if the cue sticker slips over the surface of the cue ball (kick) when making a jump, then a penalty is imposed. This is the only way we can jump.
23. Popped balls
Balls that, after being hit, stop outside the playing surface of the table (on the handrail, on the floor, on the elastic board, etc.) are considered to have jumped out. If the ball, having hit the upper part of the handrail or elastic side, returns to the playing surface on its own, it is not considered to have jumped out (but provided that it does not touch any object that is not a stationary part of the table). If any similar object touches (a piece of chalk on the board, a lighting fixture, etc.), it is still recognized as having jumped out despite its independent return to the playing surface. A shot in each pocket game is penalized if after it any object ball or cue ball jumps over the side. When all the balls on the playing surface of the table stop, then all the object balls that popped up are set. Subsequently, the popped cue ball will be put into play in accordance with the rules of the specific game.
24. Violating several American Pool rules at the same time
In this case, the penalty will be one foul, but the fine is very severe, which is provided for the most serious violations that are committed during the strike.
25. Spontaneous movement of balls
If the ball moves spontaneously (rolls, shifts, turns), then the game continues, and the ball is left in the place where it stopped. If the ball hangs over a pocket for 5 seconds (or more) and then falls into the pocket, it is restored to its original place and the game continues.
If, before hitting the cue ball, the object ball spontaneously falls into the pocket during a shot, then the shot is repeated after the object ball and cue ball are restored to their original positions. They act in the same way when spontaneous displacement occurs at the moment of impact of any other object ball.
26. Placing balls when playing pool
According to some rules of a particular game, you need to place the balls. In this case, after the impact, the balls are distributed along the longitudinal line in the following order: the ball with the lowest number is placed on the back mark, and the others are placed one after another in ascending order of numbers in the direction of the back edge. But sometimes it is impossible to meet these requirements exactly. Then the exposed balls on the longitudinal line are placed close to the back mark and close to the object balls that are in the way, but without moving them. When the cue ball is in the way, the exposed balls are placed close to it (but not close).
Sometimes there is not enough space between the backboard and the back mark to place the balls. Then the balls are placed on the continuation of the longitudinal line close to it (in front of the back mark). In front is the ball with the lowest number. The other balls are placed one after the other towards the back mark as the numbers increase.
27. Fallen balls along with the played ones
They are counted according to the rules of a particular game.
28. Intervention by a stranger
If an outsider interferes with the game and the balls begin to move, they are returned to their original positions. In this case, no fine is imposed. The game can continue. In an official tournament, the judge is responsible for restoring positions. In case of an accident, earthquake, hurricane, etc. the same rule applies. The game is replayed if the position cannot be restored. The right to take the kick-off remains with the same player. However, this rule cannot be applied to the game “14+1 with continuation”, where one game consists of successive pyramids. The right of the initial strike in it is determined anew, since the drawing of the current pyramid is stopped and the drawing of a new one begins. The score remains the same as it was before the game was suspended.
29. Sequence of initial strike
Sometimes the competition continues until a certain number of victories (or games played). Then the first blow in the next game is made by the winner of each individual game. The organizers of the competition have the right to choose options;
1) the loser breaks it.
2) players take turns.
3) breaks the loser into games.
30. Entry of the enemy into the game
The opponent enters the game if the player breaks the rules or pockets the ball incorrectly.
31. Ball on board
Typically, a shot at an object ball, which is located close to the board, must end:
1) bringing the cue ball to the board.
2) by any of the object balls falling into the pocket.
3) bringing the object ball to the other side from the very beginning with which it was not in contact.
4) bringing another object ball to the side.
If any of these requirements are violated, a foul will be called. The referee or one of the players must announce the certified fact that the object ball has touched the board.
32. Setting the cue ball
Setting the cue ball when playing “from hand” is carried out by any part of the cue (and the sticker too) or by hand. Once the cue ball is set, any forward movement of the cue that is accompanied by contact with the cue ball will be considered the start of the shot.
33. Enemy interference in the game
It is considered a violation if the opponent strikes out of turn, displaces any ball during the partner’s play, or distracts him.
We told you about the general rules of playing American pool (American billiards).
And also the following rules:
1. PURPOSE OF THE GAME.
This game is a custom game, and the game uses a cue ball and fifteen object balls with numbers from 1 to 15. One of the players must first pocket balls with numbers from 1 to 7 (solid), and the other - with numbers from 9 to 15 ( striped). The winner is the one who, having pocketed the balls of his group, pockets the eight with the correct shot.
2. ORDER (GENTLEMAN'S ORDER).
When ordering a gentleman, obvious object balls and pockets are not announced. If a partner is not sure which ball or pocket is being hit, then he has the right to ask the player about it. Shots off the boards, as well as combination shots (i.e. shots with or from balls) are not considered obvious shots, in which case both an object ball and a pocket must be ordered. However, no further details are required when ordering.
All illegally pocketed balls remain in the pockets, regardless of whether they belong to the player's group or his opponent's.
The kickoff is not ordered. If any ball falls into the pocket during a correct initial shot, the player gets the right to the next shot.
3. ARRANGEMENT OF BALLS.
The balls are placed in the shape of a triangular pyramid with a figure eight in the center, with the front ball of the pyramid located on the back mark, and striped and solid at the corners.
4. ALTERNATIVE PARTITION.
The winner of the rally has the right to either perform the initial kick (breaking) himself or pass it on to his opponent. In individual competitions, players take turns in each subsequent game.
5. INITIAL IMPACT (BREAKING).
The break is considered correct if the player (from home hand) (1) pots any object balls, or (2) hits at least four object balls. Failure to comply with these requirements is a violation, and the opponent entering the game has the right to (1) accept the existing position and make another strike, or (2) after re-arranging the balls, either make the break himself or give it to the offender.
If the cue ball falls into a pocket during a break, then (1) all pocketed balls remain in the pockets (except for the eight), (2) a foul is called, and (3) the table remains open. The opponent entering the game makes a hand kick from home.
NOTE. When playing from the house hand, you can hit the object balls located in the house only by reflecting the cue ball from the opposite (back) side. Balls located outside the house can be played into any pocket.
Jumping over the board of object balls is considered as a violation, while the opponent entering the game has the right to (D) take the current position on the table and make another shot or (2) make a shot from home.
If, when breaking, an eight falls into the pocket, then the player has the right to break again or, having put out an eight, continue the game. If during a break, in addition to the eight, the cue ball also falls, then the opponent entering the game has the right to repeat the break or, having put out an eight, start the game with a hand from home.
NOTE. If the game is played on automatic tables (and, moreover, not at official international competitions), then falling into the pocket of an eight with the correct break brings victory, and falling of an eight together with the cue ball results in defeat in the game.
6. OPEN TABLE.
The table is considered open until none of the opponents has chosen their own group of balls (striped or solid).
NOTE. The table is always open immediately after breaking. When the table is open, you can hit a solid ball to play a striped one, and vice versa, that is, on an open table, all balls are legal. However, if, with an open table, the cue ball hits the eight first, then not a single striped or solid one is counted in favor of the player. His streak ends, all pocketed balls remain in the pockets, and the table remains open for the opponent entering the game. When the table is open, all incorrectly pocketed balls remain in the pockets.
7. SELECTION OF A GROUP OF BALLS.
Breaking does not give the right to choose striped or solid balls, even if the balls of both groups ended up in the pockets after breaking. After breaking the table always remains open. The selection of a group of balls is made only after the player, when performing a correct shot (after breaking), puts the ordered ball in the pocket.
8. CORRECT KICK.
When making any shot, the cue ball must first touch the ball of its group (the legal ball), and then (1) an object ball must fall into the pocket, or (2) the cue ball, or one of the object balls, must reach the rim.
NOTE. Before hitting a legal ball, it may first hit the rail, but after that, either the object ball must fall into the pocket, or the cue ball or any of the object balls must reach the rail. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in a foul.
9. Wagering.
For tactical reasons, a player may decide to pot an obvious object ball and at the same time break his streak at the table by declaring a win before the shot. Playing back is considered a correct shot. If a player wishes to recoup by potting an obvious object ball, he must announce the recoup to his opponent before hitting. If this is not done, then the player is obliged to make the next blow. All balls pocketed during wagering remain in the pockets.
10. PLAYING THE GAME.
The player continues the game until he manages to pocket the balls of his group correctly and in accordance with the order. Having pocketed the last ball of his group, he can pocket the eight.
11. PLAYING FROM HAND.
If a player violates the rules, then the opponent entering the game plays from his hand. This means that he can place the cue ball anywhere on the table. This rule prevents players from committing intentional fouls that could put an opponent at a disadvantage. When playing by hand, the cue ball can be set with your hand or any part of the cue (including the sticker). After placing the cue ball, any forward movement of the cue accompanied by contact with the cue ball is considered to be the start of a shot.
12. IMPROPERLY PLAYED BALLS.
An object ball is considered to be misplayed if (1) the rules are broken during the stroke, or (2) the ordered ball is not played, or (3) a makeback is called before the stroke. Incorrectly played balls remain in the pockets.
13. OBJECT BALLS JUMPING OVERBOARD.
Jumping over the side of any object ball is a violation and the right to hit passes to the opponent. If the eight flies overboard, then the game is considered lost.
All object balls that pop up will be fielded according to the General Pool Rules.
14. GAME OF EIGHT.
If, during the game of eight, the cue ball falls into a pocket or a violation is committed that is not accompanied by falling into a pocket or jumping over the side of the eight, then the defeat is not counted. The opponent entering the game plays from his hand,
15. READING OF THE DEFEAT.
A player is considered defeated if he commits one of the following violations:
. the eight was scored in violation of the rules;
. the eight and the last ball of your group are pocketed in one shot;
. during the game the eight jumped overboard;
. the eight is not pocketed as ordered;
. The eight is pocketed before all the balls in its group have been played.
16. STAMLE POSITION.
If each of the players three times in a row (6 times in total) breaks the rules in turn, without striving (in the opinion of the judge) to win the game, since this can lead to inevitable defeat, then the game is considered a “stalemate”. After this, the balls are rearranged and the game is replayed.
NOTE. When playing "Eight" for three violations in a row committed by one player, the defeat is not counted.
PYRAMID
OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RULES
Approved by the conference
International Pyramid Committee
November 26, 2005 in Almaty (Republic of Kazakhstan) Entered into force on January 1, 2006
Approved by the All-Russian College of Judges
and accepted on the territory of the Russian Federation on December 1, 2005.
The rules were prepared by the International Commission on Rules of the ITUC, consisting of:
Getmanets A.I. (Moldova), Kadyshev V.D. (Russia), Leontyev Yu.N. (Ukraine), Loshakov A.L. (Russia), Sashchenkov V.A. (Lithuania), Chervanev Yu.N. (Belarus), with the participation of Kuzmichev N.M. (Russia).
Under the general editorship of the Chairman of the ITUC Commission on Rules
A.L. Loshakova.
PRINT VERSION
Rules of the game of snooker
PART 1 EQUIPMENT Measurements in parentheses are accurate to the nearest millimeter.
(a) Dimensions.The playing field, bounded by the edges, must measure 11'8" by 5'10" (3,569 mm by 1,778 mm) with a tolerance of ±" (±13 mm) in both dimensions. (b) Height.The height of the table from the floor to the top edge of the side should be between 2’9” and 2’10” (851 mm to 876 mm). (c) Pockets (i)Pockets should be located in the corners (two at the top point - far pockets and two in the beam area - near pockets) and one in the middle of each long side (middle pockets); (ii)Pocket openings must comply with patterns approved by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). (d) Line Beams and Beams. A straight line drawn 29″ (737 mm) from the bottom side parallel to it is called the beam line. This line and the space it encloses is called a beam. (e) Sector “D”.Sector “D” is a semicircle located in the beam, centered on the middle of the Beam line and with a radius of 11″ (292 mm). (f) Dots.Four points are marked on the central longitudinal line of the table: (i)The special point (black point) is located at a distance of 12″ (324 mm) from the far side and perpendicular to it; (ii)The central point (blue point), located midway between the near and far sides; (iii)The pyramid point (pink point), located midway between the center point and the far side; (iv)The middle of the beam line (brown point). Two more used points are located in the corners of Sector “D”. When viewed from the near side, the point on the right is a yellow point, and the point on the left is green.
(a) The balls must be made of an approved material and have a diameter of 52.5 mm (with a tolerance of ± 0.05 mm); (b) must be the same mass (with a tolerance of 3 g for the entire set of balls); And (c) a ball or set of balls may be replaced by agreement between the players or by decision of the referee.
PART 2 DEFINITIONS Standard definitions used in these Rules are shown in italics below.
(a) concession by any player during his approach; (b) on demand hittingobject ball, which remained on the table, and the difference in the score is more than seven points in his favor; (c) final playing or foulwhen the black ball is the only oneobject ball, which remained on the table (see Part 3 Rule 4); or (d) by a judge under Part 3 Rule 14(c)(ii) or Part 4 Rule 2.
(a) The white ball is the cue ball. (b) 15 red and 6 colored are object balls.
(A) it does not score points after completionblow; or (b) he commits foul; or (c) he requires the opponent to play again after the opponent has committedfoul.
(A) Hitmade when the striker hits the cue ball with the cue stick. (b) Hitis considered correct if no violations of the Rules are committed. (c) Hitnot finished yet: (i)all the balls did not stop; (ii)beatingdidn't get up ready to do the next thingblowor did not leave the table; (iii)any equipment usedhitting, was not retracted to a safe position; And (iv)the judge did not announce the score relating toblow. (d) Hitcan be donedirectly or from the side, namely: (i)hit counts directwhen the cue ball hitsobject ballwithout the first hit on board; (ii)hit counts kick from the sidewhen the cue ball hits one or more boards before hittingobject ball . (e) If the next player, after the lastblowwhen the opponent approaches, performsblow/hitson the cue ball before all the balls have stopped, he must be penalized as if he hadhitting, and his approach ends.
(a) cue ball is being played from hand: (i)before the start of eachframe; (ii)when he got into the pocket; (iii) when he knocked off the table; or (iv)when the black ball is re-spotted to determine the winner of a frame if the score is tied. (b) cue ballremains in this state until: (i) will not be played from handproperly; (ii)will not be completedfoulat a time when the cue ball is already placed on the table. (c) It is believed that beating plays from handwhen the cue ball is playedfrom hand, as described above.
(a) cue ball located in Gamewhen not playingfrom hand. (b) Object balls are in Game at first frameand until they areplayed or knocked off the table. (c) Coloreds re-enterin Game, when re-exposed.
(a) Ordered ball- This object ball, which beatingannounces or designates in a manner satisfactory to the referee and by which he commits to strike with the first touchcue ball. (b) At the request of the judgebeatingmust announce which ball he is going to play.
(a) When playing cue ball from hand located in snooker, if it is camouflaged, as described above, in all possible positions of its location inside or on the lines of sector “D”. (b) If cue ballis masked by more than one out-of-order ball, then (i) closest to cue ballthe ball is considered to be an effectively masking ball; (ii)in the case of equidistant fromcue ballballs, all such balls will be considered effectively masking balls. (c) If another ballis red, andcue ballis masked from hitting any of the reds on the table by different non-order balls, then there is no effectively masking ball. (d) Striker located in snooker, When cue ball in snooker, as described above. (e) cue ballcannot be camouflaged by the side. If the curved lip of the pocket is blocking the pathcue balland is closer to it than any of the masking non-sequential balls, thencue ball in snooker is not located.
(a) after cue ballhas already begun its forward movement; or (b) When cue ball touched object ball , except whencue ball And object ballalmost touching -pushed throughwill not be counted ifcue ballwill hit the very edgeobject ball .
(a) When cue ball will hit first object balland then jumps over another ball; (b) When cue balljumps up and hitsobject ball, but does not land beyond the far side of that ball; (c) when, after hitting correctlyobject ball , cue balljumps over this ball after colliding with the board or another ball.
PART 3 GAME
(a) Each player uses the same white ball -cue ball and 21 object ball: 15 red ones worth 1 point, and 6 colored ones: yellow - 2, green - 3, brown - 4, blue - 5, pink - 6, black - 7. (b) Effective blowsin their approach, the players take turnsplayingreds and coloreds until there are no reds left on the table, and then coloreds in ascending order of their value. (c) Points awarded for scoringblows, are added to the accounthitting. (d) Penalty points forfoulsare added to the opponent's score. (e) Tactics used duringframe, is to leavecue ballbehind the next balls in such a way that it ends upin snookerfor the next player. If a player (side) is behind the opponent in the score by more points than the possible value of all the balls remaining on the table, setting up snookers in the hope of getting points fromfouls, becomes the most important. (f) The winner framethe player (side) is recognized: (i)who has scored more points; (ii) to whom frame gave in; (iii)to whom victory is awarded under Part 3 Rule 14(c) or Part 4 Rule 2. (g) The winner gamesthe player (side) is recognized, (i)winner of the larger or required numberframes; (ii)the one with the most points, if the total points are taken into account; (iii)to whom the victory is awarded under Part 4 Rule 2. (h) The winner matchthe player (side) who wins more is recognizedgamesor the one with the most points if the total points are taken into account.
(a) At the beginning of eachframecue ball is being played from hand, A object ballsare installed as follows: (i)Red - in the shape of a tight equilateral triangle (pyramid), the top ball on the center line of the table above the point of the pyramid, as close as possible to the pink one, but without touching it, and the base of the triangle is closer to the far side and parallel to it; (ii)6 colored on the points assigned in Part 1 Rule 1(f). (b) if a mistake is made in placing the balls on the table, Part 3 Rule 7(c) applies,framebegins under Part 3 Rule 3(c). (With) After the start frame, located in Gamethe ball can only be cleared by the referee upon a reasonable requesthitting, And: (i)the position of the ball, if not on the spot, must be marked by a suitable device for lifting the ball for cleaning; (ii)the device used to mark the position of a ball being cleaned will be treated as that ball until it is cleaned and replaced. If any player other thanhitting, touches or moves the device, the referee shall call a PENALTY and the player shall be penalized as if he hadhitting, but without changing the order of play. The referee must return the device or ball being cleared to its position at his discretion, even if the device has been lifted.
(a) The order of play determined in this way must remain unchanged throughout the game.frame, unless the next player demands to play further after anyfoul. (b) Players (sides) performing the initialhit, must alternate in eachframe during the game. (c) The first player playsfrom hand; framestarts aftercue ballplaced on the table and comes into contact with the cue sticker, or: (i) when done hit; or (ii) when addressing cue ball. (d) If framewas started by the wrong player or side: (i)it must be started again by the correct player (side) without penalty if only one was madehitand it wasn't donefoul; or (ii)it must be continued if another one has been madehit(besides the initial one) or if it was committedfoulat the end of the first strike; the correct start order should be restored in the followingframe, such that one player or side will start threeframe contract; or (iii)in the event of a stalemate being declared (see Part 3 Rule 16), the frame must be started on the correct side. (f) To hit was considered correct, none of the violations described below in Rule 10 (Penalties) must occur. (f) For the first blowin each approach, until all reds have left the table, red or ordered redfree ball is another ball, and the cost of each is countedplayedin one hit of red or ordered redfree ball. (g) (i)If red or ordered redfree ball played , then the same player performs the nexthit, And another ballis any color of your choicehitting; when acting outthe cost of the colored one is counted and the colored one is then billed; (ii)The series continues alternatelyplayingred and colored balls until all the red ones have left the table, and, as soon as this has happened, after the lastplayedThe color should be played with red; (iii) Then next balls become colored in order of increasing value according to Part 3 Rule 1(a), and whenanother color is being played out, it is not exhibited except as provided in Part 3 Rule 4, andbeatingplays nextblowanother color. (iv) If beating during breakhits when all the balls have stopped, but before the referee has finished marking the color, the value of the color shall not be counted and Part 3 Rule 10(a)(i) or Part 3 Rule 10(b)(i) will apply. (h) Reds are not re-placed on the table after being onceplayed or knocked off the table , although the player may benefit fromfoul. Exceptions to this rule are provided in Part 3 of Rules 2(c)(ii), 9,14(f), 14(h), 15 and 18(b). (i) If beating Not playsball, it must leave the table without delay. If he commits any foul before or while leaving the table, he shall be penalized as described in Part 3 of Rule 10. The next player plays from where the cue ball stopped, or from his hand if the cue ball was knocked out table, unless the cue ball position is restored in accordance with Part 3 of Rule 14(d). (j) If any ball hits a pocket and bounces onto the table surface, then such a ball is not considered to be pocketed.Strikerdoes not receive a refund, even if it happened because the pocket was full.
(a) When only black remains on the table, the first one to scorehit or foul are finishing frame, unless both of the following conditions are met: (i)the score became equal and (ii)The final score is not taken into account. (b) When both conditions described in (a) above occur: (i)black is exhibited; (ii)players draw lots to choose the order of the game; (iii)the next player performspunch; And (iv)next scoringhit or foul complete frame. (c) If the winnergames or matchdetermines the total score, and it is equal at the end of the lastframe, then the players in thisframemust follow the black alignment procedure outlined in (b) above.
(a) The judge must answer if asked whether thecue ball(that is, outside of Sector “D”). (b) If the cue sticker touchescue ballwhen it is set, and the referee considers that the striker did not attempt to throwhit, That cue ball not in the game yet.
(a) The player is not responsible for any errors by the referee when placing any ball. (b) If the color is set incorrectly afteracting outin ascending order of value under Part 3 Rule 3(g)(iii), it must be removed from the table without penalty upon discovery of the error and play must continue. (c) If hitmade with an incorrectly placed ball or balls, they will be considered correctly placed for subsequentblows. Any person of color wrongfully missing from the table must be shown: (i)without penalty when its absence is discovered due to a previous oversight; (ii) with a fine to the player, if the striker played before the umpire could field the ball. (d) If the colored one is to be exhibited, and his own pointbusy, it must be placed on the free point of the ball with the highest value. (e) If you need to set more than one color, and their own pointsbusy, then the ball of higher value has priority in the order of placement. (f) If all points busy, then the colored one should be placed as close as possible to his own point, between that point and the nearest part of the far side. (g) When setting pink and black, if all pointsbusyand there is no free space between the corresponding point and the nearest part of the far side, then the colored one must be placed as close as possible to his own point on the center line of the table below the point. (h) In any case, when a color is spotted, it must not touch another ball. (i) The displayed colored ball must be placed on the spot indicated in these Rules manually.
(A) If cue ballstops touching another ball or balls which is or may be next, the referee must declare a TOUCHING BALL and indicate which onenext ballor touches the ballscue ball. If cue balltouches one or more colored balls after beingplayed red (or free ball, nominated as red), the judge must askhitting DECLARE another color. (b) When announced touching ball, beating must play jam-packedfrom this ball, without setting it in motion, otherwise it will be fixedpushed through. (c) If beatingprovides immobilitytouching the ball , then there will be no fine if: (i) this ball another; (ii)this ball could benext And beatingdeclares him as such; (iii)this ball could benext, But beating announces nextanother ball and hits it with the first touch. (d) If cue ballstopped touching or almost touchingextraordinaryball, the referee, if asked about touching, must answer YES or NO.Strikermust play from him without touching, as described above, and must first hitanother ball. (e) When cue balltouches at the same timenext And extraordinaryballs, the referee must point only to the one touchinganother ball. If beatingwill ask the judge whether it concernscue ballextraordinaryball, then he must answer. (f) If the referee is confident that any movementtouching the ball at the moment of impact was not caused by the actionhitting, then he should not declarefoul. (g) If motionlessobject ball, not concerning cue ballduring the judge's check, came into contact withjam-packedbefore the stroke is made, the balls must be re-placed by the referee at his discretion. This also applies totouching ball who stopped touchingcue ballduring inspection by a judge; all balls must be reset by the referee at his discretion.
(a) he would not take part in any way in the currentimpact, it must be returned and all points scored must be counted. (b) If as a resultblowanyone involved in this could get into ithitball and this happened: (i)without violating these Rules, then all the balls are set back, and the samebeatingcan repeathitagain or do anotherhitat your own discretion; (ii) with the commission foul, Then beatingshall be penalized under Part 3 of Rule 10, all balls shall be replaced and the next player shall have the usual choice afterfoul. (c) If the ball balances for a short time on the edge of the pocket and then falls into it, then the ball is considered to have entered the pocket and is not put back.
(a) In the amount of costnext ball for (i) application blowuntil a referee of color was placed, played asfree ball; (ii) application blow By cue ballmore than once; (iii) application blowwhen both legs are lifted off the floor; (iv)playing out of turn or striking before the end of the opponent's turn contrary to Part 2 of Rule 6(e); (v)hand gameinappropriately, including initialhit; (vi) miss jam-packed on all object balls ; (vii) a fall cue ball into the pocket; (viii)snooker behind free ball, except as provided in Part 3 Rule 12(b) |
The international rules of the game of 5 chips complement the statutes and regulations of the UMB (International Billiards Union). These Rules apply to all World Championships and official international tournaments recognized by UMB. In relation to special cases of the game, not provided for by these Rules, the International Refereeing Rules give the referee the right to make a decision on them, but it must be recorded in the minutes of the meeting.
In case of unforeseen circumstances regarding the competition as a whole, the decision is made by the official representative of the UMB (in our case, the representative of the FBI) after consultation with the official representative of the federation - the organizer and director of the tournament (chief judge).
1. Marking points and lines
The places where the chips (pins) are installed are marked with marks (five marks in total) drawn with chalk, pencil or ink, as thinly as possible. It is prohibited to mark these places by installing stickers. In addition, it is noted:
1. top mark, at a distance of 100 mm from the top short side (on the center line - 710 mm from the long side),
2. a mark located in the center of the upper half of the playing field of the table - a red ball is located on it,
3. a mark located in the center of the bottom of the billiards, on the line where the balls are placed during the kick-off (710 mm from the lower short side),
4. the lower mark, at a distance of 100 mm from the lower short side, - the opponent’s ball is placed on it, when playing from hand, if the upper mark is occupied by a red ball and the player decides to play in the position as in the kick-off,
5. Marking lines are drawn with chalk, pencil or ink, as thin as possible.
Stowing other items is only permitted for lines on the floor:
- the middle line divides the playing field into 1/2 parts;
- line for placing the opponent’s balls during the initial kick;
-the boundary of the placement of legs when performing an initial strike and a strike from the hand.
2. Purpose of the game
The goal of the game is to achieve the number of points established by the Competition Regulations. The first player to reach the set number of points wins the game. If this limit is exceeded during the final stroke, then the winner's total score is reduced to this set limit. They play in games, the total number of which in the match must be odd. The blows are applied alternately, only with a cue stick.
3. Kickoff play
The referee places the players' balls on the scrimmage line at a distance of 30 cm from the long side. The red ball is placed on a mark located in the center of the upper half of the playing field of the table. 4 side and 1 central chips are installed in their places. If the players do not agree on who should play which ball, as well as on which half to start the kick-off, then the referee determines this by lot. At the referee's command, both players send their cue balls toward the top board with approximately the same strike, and both balls must be in motion before one of them reaches the top board. If this rule is broken, the draw is repeated. A player who violates this rule twice loses the rally, i.e. loses the right to choose - either to make the initial kick himself or to give it to his opponent.
The draw is also considered lost if:
- if the player's ball collides with a red ball or with one or more chips;
- if the player’s ball touched the long side;
- if the player’s ball enters the opponent’s half.
If it is impossible to determine the culprit or the balls stop at the same distance from the bottom side, then the rally is repeated.
The player whose ball stops closer to the bottom board has the right to make the initial shot or concede it to his opponent.
4. Kick-off position
1. a) The ball of the player who must make the initial stroke is located in any part of the lower half of the playing field of the table;
b) the opponent's ball - at the top mark at the short top edge;
c) a red ball on the mark in the center of the upper half of the playing field of the table.
2. The player who starts the game sets the cue ball only with a cue, in any part of the lower half of the playing field, and no part of this ball should go beyond the line of the middle of the playing field.
3. At the moment of the kick-off, at least one player’s foot must touch the foot area (or line) bounded by the extension of the long side line. After placing his ball (cue ball), the player must play it so that it first touches the opponent’s ball.
4. During one match, the player makes shots with the same cue ball.
5. Players take turns making the initial kick until the end of the match, regardless of the number of games. When the kickoff is completed, points are awarded.
6. A break of 5 minutes after the second game, and if the meeting consists of three games (before the “counter”), if of five games, then after the second and before the fifth “counter”.
5.The shot is considered correct and the player is awarded positive points if:
1. The player’s cue ball touches the opponent’s ball and then knocks down the opponent’s chips with the ball;
2. the player’s cue ball touches the opponent’s ball, then touches the red ball, and then the opponent’s ball and (or) the red ball knocks down the chips;
3. the player’s cue ball touches the opponent’s ball, then the opponent’s ball touches the red ball, and then the opponent’s ball and (or) the red ball knock down the chips;
4. the player’s cue ball touches the opponent’s ball, then the red ball, which is hit by the opponent’s ball, and then the chip hits the opponent’s ball and (or) the red ball;
5. The player’s cue ball touches the opponent’s ball and then the red ball;
6. The player's cue ball touches the opponent's ball, and then the opponent's ball touches the red ball;
7. The cue ball touches the opponent’s ball, then the red ball and at the same time the opponent’s ball also touches the red ball.
6. The shot is considered correct, but does not bring any points:
- if, when making his shot, the player’s cue ball only touches the opponent’s ball, and he does not knock down the chips and does not touch the red ball.
7. The shot is considered illegal and gives miss points.
- to the one who produced it, and the same number of positive points is assigned to the opponent if:
1) the player’s cue ball does not touch the opponent’s ball;
2) the player’s cue ball touches the red ball before touching the opponent’s ball, and then the cue ball and (or) the red ball knock down the chips;
3) if the player’s cue ball, after touching the opponent’s ball, knocks down the chips and at the same time the opponent’s ball and (or) the red ball knocks down the chips;
4) the player hits with a ball other than his own;
5) the player commits one or more errors specified in the relevant paragraph, and at the same time during this strike positive points are achieved or not. All points are summed up and assigned to the opponent.
8. Assignment of points
1. Chip point value:
- side chips (each) - 2 points;
- central chip knocked down from the side - 4 points;
- the central chip is knocked down alone, and the arrangement of the chips (figure) is complete or not - 8 points.
2. Carom Points Value:
- carom the cue ball into the opponent's ball, and then into the red ball - 4 points;
- carom ricochet when the cue ball touches the opponent's ball and then the opponent's ball touches the red ball - 3 points.
Only the completion of the first carom is taken into account to assign the number of carom points. The chip and carom scores are added together to give the total number of points scored on a single shot. If positive points and error points are obtained in one hit, all points are assigned to the opponent. When assigning points, the judge calls the player's name, and he does the same when assigning total error points in favor of the opponent.
9. Refusal to play during a game
1. A player who leaves his place during a game without the permission of the referee loses this game - he is considered a defeat.
2. Any player who refuses to continue the game after the referee’s instruction is excluded from the competition.
10. Balls in contact
1. If a player's cue ball is in contact with one or two balls, the player may not send it directly to that or those balls.
2. If a player's cue ball is in contact with the board, then he has no right to play on that board.
3. To perform shots, the player must play on the cue ball either by separating it from the contacting ball (with an “apricole” strike - first with the cue ball on the side, then into the opponent’s ball), or by hitting it from above (mass), but in such a way as not to touch the ball located in contact with the cue ball. It is not a mistake if a ball in contact with the cue ball moves only because it loses the fulcrum of the cue ball (see WCBC Rules 4.1.3).
4. If, in the case of a “ball in contact” position, it is not possible to make a stroke without an error, the referee sets the three balls in the initial position. When performing this strike, the player accordingly cannot receive positive points, he can only play back, and the opponent, after playing back, can receive positive points (or error points).
11. Popped balls
1. The ball is considered to have jumped out of the billiards if it leaves the billiards or touches the material of the edge frame.
2. The very fact of the ball popping up is considered an error (2 points).
3. If one or more balls jump out of the billiards, the referee returns the jumped balls to the billiards for a hand shot if:
a) the player’s cue ball has jumped out, then the referee places it on a mark near the short side, opposite to where the opponent’s ball is located, which must make the shot from the hand. If this mark is occupied or covered, then the ball is placed on the mark corresponding to the ball that occupied or covered this mark at the short side;
b) the opponent’s ball has jumped out, then it is placed for a shot from the hand in the part of the billiards opposite to the one where the ball of the player who just made the shot is located;
c) a red ball jumps out, then the referee sets it to its initial position on the mark where the red ball is installed. If the mark is occupied or covered, then the red ball is placed on the mark corresponding to the ball that occupies or covers the mark. The referee places the player's ball for the shot in the part of the billiards opposite to the one where the ball of the player who just made the shot (and the red ball popped up) is located.
12. Tipping over chips
1. A chip is considered knocked down if its base completely loses contact with the playing surface of the table.
2. A chip that has already been knocked down, returned to its original position (one or more), is considered overturned, and its points are counted.
3. A piece is considered knocked over if it is knocked down by another piece.
4. A piece is not considered to have been knocked over if it is moved from its place of installation and the base remains in contact with the playing surface of the table. The referee returns it to its original position before performing the next blow.
5. A chip that has been hit but has not lost contact with the playing surface of the table is not considered knocked down.
6. If a chip resting on the cue ball falls as a result of the movement of the cue ball from the chip, it is not considered to be knocked over, but if the cue ball moves onto a chip, it is considered to be knocked over (the referee has the right to remove a chip resting on any of the balls, if possible, before the next blow).
7. If the space of one or more chips is completely or partially occupied by a ball or balls, the referee removes the corresponding chips. Removed chips are not taken into account as a result of the next blow and are installed after the place for their installation is cleared.
13. Play from hand
1. If a player makes a mistake, his opponent gets the opportunity to play from his hand, except for a mistake when the player's ball, after correctly touching the opponent's ball, knocks off the chips.
2. At the end of a player's illegal stroke, the referee takes into his hand the opponent's ball, which must make the next stroke, and places it freely in the half of the playing field of the table opposite to that where the ball of the player who made the mistake is located. (The offender's ball remains in its position.)
3. The player making the shot after the offender's shot places his ball only using a cue in the half of the playing field where the referee placed this ball, and no part of this ball should extend beyond the center line of the billiards.
4. If the offender's ball is exactly on the center line of the billiards, then the player's ball is placed freely in the lower half of the playing field as for a kickoff.
5. The player who must make the shot from the hand decides for himself whether to play from the hand in accordance with the above provisions or ask (demand) the referee to set the offender’s ball to its initial position - to the upper mark at the top short side. If this position is occupied by a red ball, then the offender's ball is placed in another part of the billiards on the corresponding mark, in which case the playing ball is located in the other half of the billiards.
6. If the player who is to make the hand stroke touches his game ball before the referee places it, the player is penalized and the hand stroke goes to the opponent.
7. At the request of the player, the referee must show him his game ball.
14. Player's place
The player not taking the stroke must await his stroke standing or sitting in the places provided for it, refraining from making gestures, and must not make any noise that might disturb his opponent.
15. Errors (fines)
1. If a player makes several mistakes while making his shot, the value of the points for each mistake is added up and awarded to the opponent.
2. There is an error with a penalty of only points of chips and carom without bringing the game from hand and without another additional penalty: if the playing ball (cue ball) after correctly touching the opponent's ball knocks down the chips (and possibly makes a carom), the referee designates the chips. All mistakes result in a penalty (2 points) plus penalty points for knocked down chips and caroms.
3. The following mistakes give the opponent, in addition to the mentioned points, an additional 2 points and the opportunity to play from his hand if:
a) the referee determines that the player is hitting with a ball other than his own, the referee indicates that it is an illegal ball;
b) the player first hits the red ball with the cue ball before touching the opponent’s ball, the referee’s decision is a red ball. For touching the red ball in this case, an additional penalty is imposed - 2 points (total 4 points): 2 points for a miss + 2 points for a carom;
c) the player first knocks down the chips with his cue ball, and then touches the opponent’s ball with it, the referee indicates - chips;
d) the player did not hit or hit the opponent’s ball incorrectly, the referee indicates - the opponent’s ball;
e) when making a shot, one or more balls jump out of the billiards, a penalty of 2 points is imposed regardless of the number of balls that jumped out, the referee indicates that the ball jumped out;
f) the player makes a hit before all three balls have stopped, indicated - balls in motion;
g) when making a strike, the player strikes not with the sticker of the cue, but with another part of the cue, indicated by the sticker;
h) when performing one stroke, the player touches his ball with the cue sticker more than once, a touch is indicated - we have a double strike;
i) the player touches the ball or chip in order to clean them from dirt, instead of asking the judge to do this, the touch is indicated as a touch;
j) the player displaces the ball or chip directly or indirectly (with chalk, etc.) and if this displacement is not a consequence of the stroke, a touch is indicated;
k) the player hits his ball directly onto the opponent’s ball in contact with the cue ball, or plays directly onto the board with his ball in contact with the board, the solution is the ball in contact;
m) at the moment of hitting the ball during a kickoff or a handball, at least one of the player’s legs does not touch the floor, or during a kickoff or handball, the player goes beyond the established boundaries with all or part of his leg (clause 14) - and according to the Hungarian translation he will step over partially or a complete line on the floor. The use of special shoes is not permitted;
m) when setting the play ball (cue ball) for the kick-off or from the hand, the player touches this ball with something other than a cue, and/or touches this ball before the referee sets it in the position of play from the hand, is indicated touch - touch;
o) the playing ball and/or the red ball has jumped over the chips before touching the opponent’s ball, is designated as jumping the ball.
Note: Provided that no chips are knocked over, a passage between the chips during the normal rolling of a game ball in billiards is not considered a fault, but a valid (counted) stroke.
o) the player touches any ball (except for the cue sticker of his ball when hitting) or chip before, during or after hitting with the cue, hand, clothing, machine, etc.;
p) the player pushes - pushes two balls at the same time.
16. Mistakes that do not count towards the player.
Any error caused by a third party or circumstances of force majeure (force majeure) will not count towards the player.
Among all the varieties of billiards, fans distinguish one type of billiards - American. Currently, the game of billiards is becoming increasingly popular among both men and women. Learning to play American billiards is absolutely not difficult; with a little patience and free time, you can learn the basics of playing billiards.
American billiards has another common name - American pool. Experts believe that American billiards is much simpler compared to other types of billiards, so you should start mastering the game of billiards with American pool.
Why is it easier to learn American billiards? The answer is simple. For American billiards, a small billiard table is used, but the pockets into which the balls must be hit are wider.
So, in order to teach how to play American billiards, you need to have:
. A pool table;
Cue;
. Set of billiard balls
As a rule, a standard set of balls consists of 15 balls of different colors and 1 white ball, which is used for the cue ball.
Each of the object balls has its own number. Let's look at the color and number of the object balls in more detail.
Balls numbered 1 to 8 are solidly colored in the following order:
1 - yellow
2 - blue
3 - red
4 - purple
5 - orange
6 - green
7 - dark burgundy
8 - black
Balls numbered 9 through 15 have a stripe of color running down the middle of the ball, but the color order is exactly the same as balls 1 through 8.
9 - yellow
10 - blue
11 - red
12 - purple, etc.
The separation in colors is necessary because in American billiards, each player predominantly plays with one of the types of balls.
The most famous and favorite type of American billiards, both among professionals and among beginners, is “eight”. What is the purpose of this game?
The main goal of the game is to pocket the balls in each of the 2 groups, and at the end of the game, pocket 8 ball into the pocket that will be indicated. As a rule, the player who throws the ball first becomes the winner.
Beginning of the game. All balls are placed in the center of the table in a pyramid, in which the central place is occupied by ball number 8. Next, one player breaks the balls. You need to be careful here. If the selected player pockets a ball of any color (except for the cue ball and the 8-ball), he can then continue to play the game with the type of balls that the first pocketed ball belongs to. If none of the balls are pocketed, the next player enters the game. Thus, at the beginning of the game, each player determines the type of balls they will use throughout the game.
After which the main game begins.
In the main game, each player, by right of turn, must first throw all the balls of his type, and then score an eight. But here you should adhere to the basic rule - you cannot hit your opponent’s balls.
In order to pocket an eight, a player must choose a pocket to aim for. In some cases, the player can wager. If a player sees that it will not be possible to make an effective shot, he wins back, i.e. makes any shot that does not lead to a foul, while warning his opponent.
In the event that a player fails to hit the ball into the indicated pocket, the turn passes to his opponent. However, if a player pockets the 8 prematurely, before all of his balls are pocketed, he loses. The order of moves cannot be changed. First you need to pocket your balls, and then only the eight.
Of course, in American billiards one should not forget not only about the playing technique, but also about the logic and ingenuity shown. After all, most of the success depends on them.
American billiards is quite easy to master; it is interesting, original and dynamic. American billiards is a great hobby for relaxing with your friends. Play and win!
