Yanao administrative map. Yamal Peninsula. Russia, Yamal Peninsula. Location

When people in Central Russia suffer from unbearable heat, the people of Yamal enjoy the cold. Despite the harsh weather conditions, very kind people live here, who gave this place its name. They call the Yamal Peninsula “Edge of the Earth”, because that is how its name sounds in translation from the Nenets.

History of cold Yamal

The first mention of the Yamal land dates back to the 11th century, but Novgorod merchants managed to get there even earlier. Their references to the northern lands were fantastic. Travelers talked about squirrels and deer that fell to the ground like raindrops from clouds. It was from this moment that the popularity of Yamal began to grow.

In order to finally conquer the rich northern lands, Tsar Fedor sent a campaign in 1592. A few years later, a Cossack detachment created a fortification, called Obdorsk. Today everyone knows this place as Salekhard - the city that is the capital Yamalo-Nenets District. After the northern lands were conquered and passed to Russia, the rapid growth of the power of this state began.

Russia, Yamal Peninsula. Location

The northernmost and coldest peninsula of Russia is located on the territory of the Yamal-Nenets district. It ranks fourth in size, washed by the Kara Sea from three sides, as well as by the bays of the Baydaratskaya and Obskaya bays. The last lip separates the main part of the mainland from the peninsula.

The flora here is represented only by tundra and forest-tundra areas. The flora consists of low-growing shrubs, mosses, trees, lichens and herbaceous plants. The flora and fauna here are very poor, but there are a lot of fish.

The peninsula is famous for its unsurpassed cold beauty and untrodden lands. Believe me, the sight is impressive. Guests from all over the country come here to look at this area. Impressions are sometimes so strong that people who come for six months decide to stay here forever.

Yamal is located beyond the Arctic Circle, which greatly affects its climate. Summer on the peninsula can be compared, rather, with a thaw, since the temperature is +6, although in the tundra in July it can reach 30 degrees Celsius.

The land on the peninsula is permafrost, where the tundra is represented as a swampy plain. There are a lot of small lakes in Yamal that are suitable for economic activity. Valuable species of salmon fish live here.

Now you know where the Yamal Peninsula is located.

The local climate greatly affects health. Of course, the northern people have their own diseases, such as frostbite of the upper part of the lungs.

Scientists have identified one very curious moment, which is directly related to the north. All people who have lived on the Yamal Peninsula for more than seven years have a dilated heart artery. This change affects the psychosomatic state of the individual, as a result of which a person becomes more hospitable, kinder, more responsive and affectionate. In such difficult conditions, it is impossible to survive by remaining a wolf, so there is nothing surprising in the changes.

Treasure of permafrost

Many people call the Yamal Peninsula a gas cylinder, but residents are not offended by this comic nickname. They only correct, saying that their Autonomous Okrug is the gas heart of Russia. There is really so much gas here that it even comes to the surface.

Photographs of a crater with a diameter of 60 meters were taken here. This natural phenomenon has given place famous, but did not surprise experts at all. Such funnels very often appear in permafrost, which contains a large supply of natural gas. The Yamal Peninsula is such a place. Photo of the famous funnel in front of you.

In the pre-war years, reindeer herding and fishing were considered the main sectors of the economy. The harvesting of furs increased rapidly. However, as soon as the district was formed, a completely new branch began to develop - crop production. People began to grow fodder root crops, potatoes and vegetables.

Administrative-territorial structure of the peninsula

The Autonomous Okrug includes:

6 urban settlements;

6 city districts;

36 rural settlements;

7 municipal districts.

Settlements of the Yamal Peninsula

Noyabrsk;

New Urengoy;

Gubkinsky;

Labytnangi;

Salekhard;

Tarko-Sale;

Muravlenko;

The largest settlements are:

1. New Port;

2. Yar-Sale;

3. Salemal;

4. Cape Stone;

5. Panaevsk;

Urban-type settlements:

Korotchaevo;

Pangody;

Limbayaha;

Tazovsky;

Urengoy;

Old Nadym.

The Yamal Peninsula is partially populated; full development is complicated by climatic conditions.

The population of the peninsula

For quite a long time, the district was practically deserted; only Khanty, Nenets and Selkup tribes lived here. They were engaged in hunting and reindeer herding and led a nomadic lifestyle.

The situation began to change from the 20th century, at that time the development of the natural resources of the district began and the population gradually began to increase.

Population:

1926 - 19,000 people;

1975 - 122,000;

2000 - 495,200 people;

2012 - 539,800;

National structure (percentage):

Selkups - 0.4;

Khanty - 1.9;

Nenets - 5.9;

Tatars - 5.6;

Other nationalities - 17.5;

Ukrainians - 9.7;

Russians - 61.7.

It should be noted that the Yamal Peninsula is the only subject Russian Federation where the natural growth of the population is still preserved. This fact takes place in all settlements, cities and regions.

The birth rate here is much higher than the national average, and the mortality rate is much lower. This is a very good indicator. The population is constantly increasing, and due to natural growth.

The Yamal Peninsula is a territory permafrost and unsurpassed landscapes. This is an amazing land that will not leave anyone indifferent. Everyone who has ever visited Yamal will certainly come back here.

Today, Yamal is considered a stable, dynamically developing region. It is a solid foundation for socio-economic development, which is very important both for the northern regions and for the country as a whole.

There is simply no unified road network in the YaNAO. The development of the district took place in patches, therefore, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, on the map of Russia, roads are also concentrated in separate “foci”. A significant part of the available roads are seasonal and unpaved. Winter roads, even in winter, are not always open to motor vehicles.

The scheme of road and railway tracks in reality and on the satellite map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is gradually changing. A plan is being implemented in the region to create a network of reference all-weather roads with a hard surface (asphalt, concrete). Among other things, it is planned to lay roads that will connect the polar regions of the district with the "mainland".

The development of the railway network is carried out by the Yamal Railway Company, the main shareholders of which are the administration of the YaNAO, Sevtyumentransput and the Sverdlovsk Railway.

Partially built railway lines:

• line from Obskaya to Nadym via Salekhard;
• line Korotchaevo - Igarka;
• line Polunochnaya - Obskaya-2.

Parts of all lines are in operation, all three need completion and partial restoration. Completion railway to Obskaya-2 has been suspended due to insufficient confidence in the expediency of laying.

Large cities and towns of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

On the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with districts, one can count a dozen and a half settlements with a population of over 5,000 people and seven municipal districts. The population of Salekhard, the administrative center, does not reach 50 thousand people. In two cities of the YNAO, the population is twice as large: in Noyabrsk (about 107 thousand people) and Novy Urengoy (about 115 thousand people).

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

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Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Wikipedia:

Date of formation of YaNAO: December 10, 1930
Population of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: 534 299 people
Phone code of YaNAO: 349
YaNAO area: 769,250 km²
YaNAO car code: 89

Districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug:

Krasnoselkupsky Nadymsky Priuralsky Purovsky Tazovsky Shuryshkarsky Yamalsky

Cities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - list of cities in alphabetical order:

City of Gubkinsky founded in 1986. The population of the city is 27238 people.
City of Labytnangi founded in 1890. The population of the city is 26281 people.
City of Muravlenko founded in 1984. The population of the city is 32540 people.
City of Nadym founded in 1597. The population of the city is 44660 people.
City of Novy Urengoy founded in 1975. The population of the city is 113254 people.
City of Noyabrsk founded in 1975. The population of the city is 106879 people.
City of Salekhard founded in 1595. The population of the city is 48507 people.
City of Tarko-Sale founded in 1932. The population of the city is 21665 people.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug- a region located in the Far North. This is a small northern territory of Russia, with a population of only 550 thousand inhabitants. The main attractions of Yamal are beautiful nature and unusual monuments. For example, in the city of Noyabrsk, you can see a mosquito monument erected in 2006.

Another monument is dedicated to the mammoth, which stands at the entrance to the city of Salekhard. After all, it was in this autonomous region that numerous bones and remains of these extinct animals were discovered. One of these finds is 46,000 years old. The search continues to this day, and the last find was discovered in 2007.

Sights of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Church of Peter and Paul, Settlement Ust-Poluy, Verkhne-Tazovsky Nature Reserve, Gydansky Nature Reserve, Yamal Peninsula, Mammoth Sculpture, Mosquito Monument in Noyabrsk, Stela 66 Parallel, Yamalo-Nenets District Museum and Exhibition Complex. I.S. Shemanovsky, the Orthodox Church of the Archangel Michael, Obdorsk Ostrog, the Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov in Novy Urengoy, the Museum of Fine Arts, the Aircraft Park Museum in Salekhard.