Italian party theory. Opening: Italian game. Spanish Game - Ruy López's debut
Chess is exactly the game that combines science, art and sport. One of the main components of a successful game is its competent beginning. It is on the first steps of the player, on his ability to mobilize all his forces at the very start, that the outcome of the entire game depends. In this article, we suggest you consider some of the most popular openings in chess.
In fact, the opening itself is already a whole science of chess. There are many varieties of the opening, it has specific goals and criteria: You need to secure the king, counteract the opponent, control the situation on the board, and develop a strategy for the next and final stage of the game.
Italian game of chess - a quiet start
The Italian game is one of the oldest chess openings. The name can be translated as "quiet beginning". This beginning has three main ways of development. Each of them is based on the fact that White strengthens the center with pawns.. But in time it was found successful strategy for black pieces, which allowed him to successfully resist.
Start moves:
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Kg1-f3 Kb8-c6
3. Bf1-c4 Bf8-c5.
The main directions of game development:
1) There is no activity in the center, white pieces tend to strengthen the center. 4.d2-d3 d7-d65. Kb1-c3 Kg8-f66. 0-0 0-0. A reliable continuation, although it does not set impossible tasks for the opponent.
2) The center is captured by White. 4. c2-c3 Kg8-f6! Black move Kf6 attack a pawn e4.5. d2-d4 e5:d46. c3:d4 Cc5-b4+ the elephant after the attack leaves the field without wasting time. 7. Cc1-d2 Cb4:d2+ 8. Kb1:d2 d7-d5! Black managed to eliminate White's advantage in the center and equalize his chances.
3) The third option is gambit. As we can see, after the move 4.c2-c3, with a competent game for black, the opponent does not have time to strengthen the position in the center. In the 19th century, it was invented to sacrifice a pawn 4. b2-b4. 4. b2-b4 Cc5:b4 Many chess gurus believe that the best continuation of the game is to accept the sacrifice. If black rejects it, then white will have not only a pawn, but also the initiative. 5.c2-c3 accepting the sacrifice allowed White to capture the center in gainful time.
Spanish Game - Ruy López's debut
One of the most common is the Spanish part. It is believed that it was invented by Ruy Lopez, one of the first masters in modern chess. The abundance of complex and diverse schemes - here key feature Spanish party. Such outstanding chess players as V. Steints, K. Janisch, S. Furman, A. Karpov, G. Kasparov and many others analyzed and contributed to the development of the theory of this opening.
First moves:
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Kg1-f3 Kb8-c6
3. Cf1-b5.
The development of events provides for a large number of systems without basic moves, as well as rare systems.
Scottish Party – Correspondence Edinburgh – London
In modern tournament practice, you can often meet the Scottish game. Garry Kasparov used this game twice in the tournament against Anatoly Karpov. This opening gained notoriety in the 1824 Correspondence Game. Although it should be noted that the first mention of this opening was a century earlier. The main line of strategy is the early advance of the pieces to the center and a lively struggle there.
Start moves:
1. e2-e4 e7-e5
2. Kg1-f3 Kb8-c6
3.d2-d4.
In the development of events, Black has equal opportunities. Main options:
3. …e5:d4- with other continuations, the initiative remains with White.
4. Nf3xd4- the main continuation.
4. …Qd8-h4- Steinitz system
4. …Kc6xd4. 5. Qd1xd4 d7-d6 6. Bf1-d3- Variant of Ghulam Kassim
4. …Cf8-b4+
4. …Nf8-c5
4. …Kg8-f6- Schmidt variant
5. Kd4:c6 b7:c6
6.e4-e5- Mises variant
6. Kb1-d2- Variant of Tartakower
4. Bf1-c4- Scottish gambit.
4.c2-c3- Göring's Gambit.
4. Bf1:b5- Relfson Gambit
3. …Nc6xd4- Lolly variant
4. Kf3:е5 Nd4-e6 5. Cf1-c4 c7-c6 6. 0-0 Kg8-f6 7. Ke5:f7- Cochran variant
Russian Party - Defense of Petrov
The parade of popular chess openings ends with the Russian game, which deservedly enters the repertoire of the leading chess professionals of our time. The essence of this opening is that the e4-pawn goes over to an immediate counterattack. Superiority in most cases can be maintained until the end of the game. Indeed, it is worth noting that recent times many interesting solutions have been found for the black pieces, which make it possible to complicate the game.
Starts with moves:
1. e2- e4 e7- e5
2. kg1- f3 kg8- f6.
Then there are two main scenarios for White:
3.d2-d4(Steinitz system)
3…e5:d4 4. e4-e5Tof6-e4 5.Fd1:d4 d7-d5 6. e5:d6 Ke4:d6
3…Nf6:e4
3. Kf3xe5- main option: 3…d7-d6 4. Ke5-f3 (4.Ke5:f7?!- Cochran's Gambit) 4…Kf6:e4.
There are many legendary games and tournaments that have been studied for decades and become the basis for the analysis and development of theories, attacks and counterattacks.
Interesting games of world chess champions
For example, May 11, 1997 is a very important date in the history of chess, a turning point. It was on this day, for the first time in the world, that one of the strongest chess players on the planet lost to a computer. Garry Kasparov lost this match to DeepBlue with a score of 3.5:2.5. The opening "Defense of Caro-Kann" was chosen, but on this day luck was not on the side of the man.
And in 1851, a party took place in London, which went down in history as the "Immortal Party". It was unanimously recognized as the highest example of "romantic" chess. Adolf Andersen and Lionel Kieseritsky fought in this game between themselves, the game was started by the King's Gambit. Gambit play is one of the hallmarks of the Italian school.
There is an interesting historical fact, the main character of which is Napoleon. Everyone knows that he was an excellent tactician. In history, he is credited with three games of chess. The last, according to historians, he played with on the island of St. Helena in 1818, while in exile. His opponent was General Bertrand. Napoleon chose the Scottish game as his opening. Black managed to get a material advantage over the opponent a couple of times during the game. But, having thought through all the moves in advance, Napoleon won a beautiful and logical victory. It is possible that it was his best party play chess.
Have you studied the opening? Practice new knowledge in practice online ->
Good evening!
Today I liked the games of D. Greco and D. Polerio.
Party No. 1
Italian party
Greco NN
1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Ncb 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3
Here is the classic interpretation of chess in Italian:
-rapid development of figures in the center
-bishops immediately target vulnerable points f2 and f7. One blow and the king goes on a long and unpleasant journey.
-attention to the creation of a strong pawn center (formation of the pawn pair e4 + d4).
The name of the opening after the release of the bishops on c4 and c5 went down in history as the "Italian game".
4... Kf6 5. d4 ed 6. cd Bb4+ 7. Nc3.
The invention of the "Calabrian" Greco: White strives for rapid development and does not spare pawns for this. The e4-pawn falls first.
7... Nxe4 8.0-0 Nxc3 9. bc Nxc3.
Black's tactics are the most primitive, he "eats" all the pawns in a row and is far behind with the mobilization of forces. Instead of 8... Nxc3, the theory recommends 8... Bxc3 and on 9.bc - 9...d5. But gambits were always accepted - it was a matter of honor for the player!
10. Qb3!
White sacrifices a rook. This game was played in the 17th century, when even strong chess players did not know the move 10...d5 , which gives Black the opportunity to defend successfully.
For example: 11.Bxd5 0-0 12.Bxf7 + Kph8 (if 12... Rxf7, then 13.Kg5) 13.Qxc3 Rxf7, and White has only a slight positional advantage.
10... Bxa1
Having accepted the sacrifice, Black falls under a beautiful and irresistible attack.
11.B:f7+ Kpf8 12.Bg5 Ne7
13.Ne5! Bxd4 14.Bg6!(very aesthetic) magic game white pieces!
14... d5 15.Qf3+ Bf5 16.C:f5 B:e5
17.Ce6+ Bf6 18.Bxf6 gxf6 19.Qxf6+ Kpe8 20.Qf7x.
Brutal destruction!
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Party #2
Italian party
Greco NN
In another Greco game, his opponent did not accept the rook sacrifice, in a familiar position,
but played 10... Bxd4,
trying to include the bishop in defense. And in this case, White carried out the attack in one breath:
11.C:f7+ Kpf8 12.Bg5 Nf6 13.Rae1
The rook remained in the game and made itself known: Re8+ threatens.
13... Ne7 14.Ch5 Kg6
15.Ne5!(effective move!)
15... Nxe5 16.Rxe5 g6(there is no other defense against mate on f7)
17.Ch6+ Bg7
18.Rf5+! Ke7 19.Re1+ Be5 20.R1xe5+ Kpd6 21.Qd5x.
All white pieces "crossed the border", everyone took part in the attack. By the final position, you can immediately determine that the White army was commanded by an experienced commander.
_________________________
Party #3
Polerio Domenico
Defense of two knights.
1.e4 e5 2.Kf3 Kc6 3.Cc4 Kf6 4.Kg5 d5 5.exd5 Kxd5?
This is a well-known opening inaccuracy of black. A lot of young chess players smashed their opponents in their school years, having just got acquainted with the experience of Polerio in this variation.
I remember it was necessary to put a team of junior chess players on " white rook". There was not much time for preparation ...
Being a student of the 7th grade, I prepared the whole team in a month. Taught the methods of realizing a material advantage, the most primitive methods of chess strategy in the opening and middle of the game, 10 exact positions of the end of the game, and... defending two knights for White :-)) The team scored a lot of points when playing with White :-) 9 opponents out of 10 attacked the pawn on d5 with the knight.
6...Kxf7 7.Qf3+ Ke6
Otherwise, White wins back the piece, keeping the extra pawn and the attack.
8.Nc3 Nce7
More persistent is 8...Ncb4 , but even in this case, after 9.Qe4 c6 10.a3 Na6 11.d4 Black has a very difficult defense to do.
9.d4! c6 10.Bg5 h6
11.Bxe7 Bxe7 12.O-O-O Rf8 13.Qe4 Rxf2 14.dxe5!
The strongest move in this position.
14...Bg5+ 15.Kb1 Rd2 16.h4! Rxd1 17.Rxd1 Bxh4 18.Nxd5 cxd5 19.Rxd5
With the fall of point d5 of the main bastion of defense black-party resolved.
(19.Bxd5 Ke7 20.Qxh4 was also good)
19... Qg5 20.Rd6 Ke7 21.Rg6
Black resigned.
_________________
________
Party #4
Greco NN
King's Gambit.
1.e4 e5 2.f4 e:f4 3.Cc4
One of the oldest interpretations of this gambit by White. For a very long time this move was favored against bringing the knight to f3. White immediately takes aim at the f7-square (the main target of the Italian attacks), and also prevents the counterattack in the center associated with the move d7-d5. However, the efforts of the Russian player and theoretician Karl Andreevich Yanish in the middle of the 19th century showed the way (c6 followed by d5) leading black to an excellent game.
Black's most obvious reaction was tested at the dawn of theoretical research. With the check of the queen, black deprives the white king of castling, but is subsequently attacked by white pieces ... white gets the opportunity to outstrip black pieces in development.
3... Qh4+ 4.Kpf1 Cc5?
Unprecedentedly weak. White already plans to capture the center with d2-d4 and open the diagonal for the c1-bishop. And here it is done with a gain in tempo (black's bishop falls under attack and spends time retreating)
Black tried to play differently in this position and 4...g5, and 4... Kf6, and 4...d5! The last move is the most promising, Black strives to keep up with the development of the pieces with a reciprocal sacrifice, opens the lines for the bishop, breaks the center for White.
5.d4 Bb6 6.Kf3 Qe7 7.Bxf4 Qxe4 ?
As I wrote in yesterday's entry, accepting sacrifices was a sign of fearlessness and valor. Sometimes it was completely unjustified.
8.С:f7+
The excellent development of white pieces, the weakness of the most vulnerable f7-square, and the viciousness of the practice of early entry of the queen into the game begin to show. Capturing the bishop is bad now because of the double attack (8... Kxf7 9.Kg5+ and 10.Nxe4)
8... Kpf8 9.Cg3 Kh6
Now White, using the advanced black queen, brings the last fighting pieces into play and sets up hell for black.
10.Nc3 Qe7 11.Bb3 c6
Black's developmental lag is serious. Last move they are trying to put up a pawn fence in the center against the bishop on b3 and the knight on c3.
12.Qd3 d5 13.Re1 Qf6
14.Ch4! Qg6
This attempt to extinguish the initiative by exchange runs into an effective refutation. The attack is strong even without queens!
Too many pieces are in the game. I will not tire of repeating the defense in those days was at the level of 2 ranks.... much stronger 14... Qf5
15.Be7+ Kpg8 16.Qxg6 hxg6 17.Kxd5!
Position destruction.
17... с:d5 18.C:d5+ Kph7 19.Kg5 mate
Of course, black could not get checkmate, but the book would have lost because of this :-))
Instead of 18... Kph7, 18... Kf7 was more stubborn (see diagram No. 02)
Diagram #02
But even here White has a decisive advantage after
19.Ne5 Kh7 20.K:f7 Nf5 21.g4!(see diagram #01)
Diagram #01
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Party #5
Greco NN
A beautiful ending is indicated by Greco, in another game, where the opponent moved his queen to another place on the 13th move....
13... Qf7 14.Bd6+ Kpg8 15.Re7 Qf6
16.Kxd5 Qxd6(If 16... c:d5 17.C:d5+ Kpf8 18.Re6+ with a decisive advantage)
17.Kf6 ++ Kpe8 18.Re8 checkmate
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Party #6
Greco NN
Wrong start.
The last game is an excellent illustration of why the coach strictly told me:
"Until you become a first-class player, I forbid even taking on the f-pawn until castling is completed! They will kill you right away, like a mammoth!" :-))
1.e4 b6 2.d4 Bb7 3.Cd3 f5?!
Now this move (3... f5) is considered refuted. And in those days he looked! It looks like it's impossible to take a pawn. The pawn on g2 dies, and with it the rook on h1.
Nevertheless, the weakness of the king's diagonal h5-e8 is higher!
4.e:f5! C:g2 5.Qh5+ g6(single move)
5.f:g6 Kf6 ?
Decisive error. There are only chances to continue the fight if 5... Bg7 . True, and here the position of "extinguish the light" ...
5... Bg7 6.gxh7+ Kpf8 7.Kf3!! (with the strongest threat Ne5) Kf6 8.Qg6 Cxf3 9.Rg1 Rxh7 10.Qg3 Be4 11.Bxe4 Nxe4 12.Qf3+ Kpg8 13.Qxe4 Nc6 14.d5 Ka5 15.Kc3(See Diagram No. 00
Diagram #00
With a huge advantage for White.
6.g:h7+ K:h5 7.Cg6 mate.
The Italian part has been known for about five hundred years and was especially popular until the 19th century. In old Italian manuals, the opening was called “giocco pianissimo”, which means “the quietest game”. White's intentions included a quick education a strong pawn center by c2-c3 and d2-d4 and creating an attack on the weakly defended f7-square. However, it turned out that blacks could successfully fight these plans.
In recent years, successful attempts have been made in this ancient system to sharpen the struggle, the Italian game has again returned to the world arena of professional chess. But let's get back to the opening itself.
After opening moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 the Italian game was played (diagram 1). In this basic position, White has two continuations:
4.c3(and 4.d3 after 4...Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.Bg5 the so-called Canal attack was played. 6...h6 logical and natural answer. (Equal chances are also given by the continuation 6...Be6 7.Nd5 Bxd5 8.Bxd5 h6) 7.Bxf6 Qxf6 8.Nd5 Qd8 There is also a double-edged continuation:
8...Qg6 9.Qe2 (Wrong 9.Nxc7+ due to 9...Krd8 10.Nxa8 Qxg2 11.Rf1 Bg4) 9...Bg4 10.c3 warning Kc6 - d4 10...Bb6 however, in this case White can profitably play 11.a4) 9.c3 a6 (Possible 9...Ne7 10.Ne3 O-O 11.O-O Ng6 12.d4 Bb6) 10.d4 ed 11.cd Ba7 12.h3 O-O 13.O-O Be6 14.Rc1 Na5 15. Bd3 c5 16.Bb1.
After such a long theoretical variant, a critical position arose. Black has the advantage of two bishops, which may have an effect later on, and the actions of their pieces are well coordinated. Thus, even in the quietest game» Black is not obliged to agree to colorless exchanges, but can create double-edged positions with mutual chances.
Now, as for the system that appears after the move 4. c2 - c3 (diagram 2).
In this position Black has many interesting continuations, let's consider the most energetic one. 4...Nf6 , leading to double-edged positions with rich tactical content.
5.d4 ( Often used 6.b4 Bb6 7.d3 d6 8.a4 a6 after 9.Bg5 h6 10.Bh4 g5 11.Bg3 Nh5 Black has a full play.) 5...ed (If 5...Bb6 then 6.de Nxe4 7.Qd5 and White wins, Black loses his knight on e4 or).
6.cd (On 6.e5 followed by a standard counterattack 6...d5) 6...Bb4+ in this position White has a choice between the calm continuation 7.Bd2 (and sharp 7.Nc3 leading to the Meller attack.) Unfavorable for whites 7.Krf1 the so-called Krakow variant due to 7...d5 it is dangerous for black to take a pawn 7...Nxe4 due to 8.d5 with White's attack.
That's all for now, the Italian game is a very interesting and dynamic opening, it can and should be recommended for beginner chess players to study and put into practice. If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below and I'll be sure to answer them all.
I am glad to welcome you, dear friend!
The Italian part is the very first opening that the author of these lines began to play consciously. Understanding what kind of debut it is and why I play it. That's how I was taught. Play the Italian first, then move on. The Italian game in chess is the opening basics from which your humble servant also began.
What is an Italian party?
This is one of the openings included in the open category.
The Italian game starts like this , moves in order:
The first analytical works of Italian masters on this principle appeared as early as the 16th century. Hence the name. Translated from Italian Giuoco Piano means "quiet beginning".
In fact, only about half of the variations of the Italian part can be considered relatively quiet. Those in which White avoids active struggle for the center.
As for the variations with the moves 4.c3-5.d4, and even more so the Evans Gambit, I would not dare to classify them as “quiet” ones. Rather the opposite.
The main ideas of the Italian game are quite simple and understandable. . That is why this debut is recommended for beginners.
White aims his bishop on c4 at the vulnerable point f7, meaning in some variations the move Ng5 . At the same time, White has his pieces comfortably positioned and has the opportunity to form a strong center.
It should be noted that if Black chooses a move other than 3… Bc5, other openings may result. For example, after 3…Nf6 – defense of two knights.
Basic Options
a) Variations without 4.c3
4. d3 Kf6
White is striving for the rapid development of the pieces, without for the time being forcing active actions. This approach has been called "the quietest Italian".
The weakness of the black pawns on the queenside is difficult to exploit due to the activity of the black pieces. The game is equal.
4.Kc3 Kf6 5.d3 h6
4.0-0 Kf6 5.d3 0-0
The game is about the same.
b) 4. c3 Kf6
White decides right off the bat to start a fight for an advantage in the center.
5.d4
An old continuation, used at the dawn of the formation of the Italian party.
With roughly equal game.
In many variations with 5.d4 sharp game with mutual chances.
Batch example:
Dorfman-Tebenkov Orel 1970 1:0
5.d3
More modern interpretation the variation with 4.c3 compared to 5.d4. White does not force a collision in the center, preferring further development and positional maneuvers. If Black starts to “twitch”, showing activity in the center with d5, White is ready to meet active game blacks in full force.
The game is about the same.
Evans Gambit
White sacrifices a pawn, or even more than one. The Evans Gambit is essentially an independent opening and we will study it separately.
Common Mistakes
In the Italian game, quite often there are mistakes related to the attacks of the bishop on the square g5.
Moreover, both for whites and for blacks.
For example, if Black hasn't castled short yet, he can advance the kingside pawns, attacking the bishop with tempo, and organize an attack.
In the next version, the roles are reversed:
Is it necessary to study the Italian game?
The Italian is a typical example of an opening that has something like this reputation: with the right game Black achieves full play. The key word here is "correct". What about wrong? Have you met many chess players who always play correctly and know everything?
Imagine the situation: your opponent usually plays the Berlin Defense for Black. Knows her inside and out. He knows that 3. Bc4 is played infrequently and mostly by not very strong players. With these you can play almost "any way".
And suddenly, in a game with you, an opponent of equal strength, he, having tuned in to play Berlin again, sees the move 3. Bc4 in front of him.
Will he play "correctly"? And does he know how to play with Black in Italian? Big question. Nobody canceled the effect of surprise. And strike me with thunder if your opponent does not feel "out of his element." And this is already something. Well, for starters...
It is not necessary to memorize all Italian. But choosing for yourself a couple of “problematic” variations for black (for example, with 4.c3 or the Evans Gambit) and using them from time to time is a completely reasonable approach.
Sample games
An example of a trap to catch a queen:
Osser-Althoff 1941 Germany 0:1
And here is an example of a positional game turning into an attack:
Tarrasch-Eckart 1:0
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The Italian game is an open opening that begins with the moves: 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. Kg1-f3 Kb8-c6 3. Cf1-c4 Cf8-c5.
Refers to the oldest beginnings. White is trying to create a strong pawn center and increase pressure on the f7-square. In a number of variations this leads to a sharp struggle, but with accurate defense Black can repel all threats. The debut was successfully used by Italian masters, starting from the 16th century.
Major sequels
4. c3: The main variation of the Italian game, White wants to create a strong pawn center.
Possible development options
4. … Kf6 5. d4 ed 6. c4 Bb4+ (Significantly weaker is 6. … Bb6. After 7. d5 Ne7 8. e5 Ng4 9. d6, with a strong attack for White).
7. Nc3 (By sacrificing the central pawn, White wants to develop pieces quickly. More calm play after 7. Bd2 Bxd2+ 8. Nbxd2 d5 9. ed Nxd5 10. Qb3 Nce7 11. 0-0 0-0 12 Rfe1 c6 13. Ne4 Nb6 14. Nc5 Nxc4 15. Qxc4 b6 16. Nd3 Qd6).
With approximately equal chances.
7. … Nxe4 (By destroying the e4 central pawn, it is easiest for Black to equalize the game). 8. 0-0 (The strongest continuation of the attack).
8. … Bxc3 9. d5 Bf6 10. Re1 Ne7 11. Rxe4 d6 12. Bg5 Bxg5 (Weaker is 12. … Bf5 13. Bb5+ Kf8 14. Rf4, with strong threats).
Black repelled all the main dangers.
4. d3: a reliable continuation that does not pose any difficult problems for Black.
4. … Kf6 5. Kc3 d6 6. Bg5 h6 7. Bxf6 Qxf6 8. Nd5 Qd8.
Black achieved an approximately equal game.
Evans Gambit 4. b4: White offers a pawn sacrifice in order to develop quickly and create a mobile pawn center. An interesting and difficult opening, in which there is a sharp struggle with mutual chances.
5. … Bxb4. (The best continuation. At the right moment, Black is going to return the pawn, providing himself with the possibility of a convenient development).
6. c3 Ba5 4. d4 d6 5. Bg5 f6 6. Qb3 Kf8 7. Be3.
For the sacrificed pawn, White maintains pressure.
Pitfalls in the opening
Party 1
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 ed 6. cd Bb4+ 7. Nc3 Nxe4 8. 0-0 Bxc3 9. d5 Bf6 10. Re1 Ne7 11. R: e4 0-0 (Worth noting is 11. … d6, preventing White's next move).
12. d6 cd 13. Qxd6 Nf5 14. Qd5 d6?
(Black could play for a draw by repeating moves: 14. ... Ne7 15. Qd6 Nf5 16. Qd4 Ne7, etc.)
(15...Nh6 doesn't help either, in view of the possible 16. Bf4 Bxb2 17. Rae1 Ba3 18. Nxf7 Nxf7 19. Qxf7+ Rxf7 20. Re8+ Qxe8 21. Rxe8X).
16. Bxg5 (White sacrifices a bishop to set up a trap).
16. … Qxg5? (Black falls into a trap, stronger than 16. ... Qc7 17. Qd3 Bd7 8.g4 h6 19. Bf4, although in this case, despite the extra pawn, it is difficult for him to resist the attack of white).
17. Qxf7+! Rxf7 18. Re8X.
Part 2. Lange - Lampert (1903)
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 ed 6. cd Bb4+ 7. Nc3 Nxe4 8. 0-0 Nxc3 9. bc Be7? (Stronger is 9. … d5).
10. d5 Na5 11. d6 Bxd6 (In case of 11. ... Nxc4 White continues 12. de Kxe7 13. Qe2+ and wins a piece).
12. Re1+ Be7 13. Bg5 f6 (No 13. … Nxc4 due to 14. Bxe7 Qxe7 15. Rxe7+ Kxe7 16. Qe2+ and then 17. Qxc4).
14.Bxf6 gf 15. Ne5 (threatening 16. Qh5+ and checkmate next move).
15. … h5 16. Qd3 Rh6 17. Qd5 Rh7 18. Qg8+ Bf8 19. Ng6+ Re7 20. Qf7X.
Party 3. Hoffmann - Petrov (Warsaw, 1903)
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 ed 6. e5 Ne4 (6. … d5 is better) 7. Bd5 Nxf2 8. Kxf2 dc+ 9. Kg3 cb 10. B :b2 Ne7 11. Ng5? (Worse than 11. Qc2 or 11. Nc3).
11. … Nxd5 12. Nxf7.
Black has three pieces attacked, including the queen; 12. … Kxf7 is impossible due to 13. Qxd5 and then Qxc5, but they find a nice way to win.
12. … 0-0. (Black sacrifices a queen for a mating attack).
13. Nxd8 Bf2+ 14. Kh3 (14. Kg4 Ne3+ 15. Kg5 Rf5X) 14. … d6+ 15. e6 (15. g4 Nf4X) 15. … Nf4+ 16. Kg4 Nxe6 17. Nxe6
(17. Qd5 Rf4+ 18. Kh5 Rh4X; 17. g3 Nd4+ 18. Kh4 Nf3+ 19. Kh5 g6+ 20. Kh6 Be3X).
17. … Bxe6+ 18. Kg5 Rf5+ 19. Kg4 h5+ 20. Kh3 Rf3X. (Double checkmate).
Party 4
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 ed 6. 0-0 0-0? (Stronger is 6. ... Nxe4 and further, if 7. Re1, then 7. ... d5).
Black allows White to create a strong pawn center.
7. cd Bb6 8. d5 Ne7 9. e5 Ne8 10. d6 cd 11. ed Ng6 12. Bg5 Nf6 13. Nc3 h6 14. Qd3 Kh7 (Bad for Black and after 14. … hg 15. Qxg6 with the threat of 16 .Nxg5).
15. Bxf7 (threatening 16. Qxg6) 15. ... Rxf7 16. Ne5 hg 17. Qxg6 Kg8 18. Qxf7+
with quality gain.
Party 5
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Bc5 (following 5. … Ba5 is stronger).
6. 0-0 Nf6 (Better 6. … d6 and on 7. d4, play 7. … Bb6).
7. d4 ed 8. cd Bb6.
White has a powerful pawn center, followed by a decisive attack by the black king.
9. e5 d5 10.ef dc 11. Re1+ Kf8
(If 11. … Be6, then after 12. d5 White wins a piece. In the case of 11. …
Kd7 White, continuing 12. d5 Na5 13. Ne5+ Kd6 (or 13. … Ke8 14. Nc6+)
14. Nxf7+ wins the queen).
12. Ba3+ Kg8 13. d5 Na5 14. Be7 Qd7 15. fg Kxg7 16. Qd2 (threatening 17. Qg5X) Qg4
(If 16. … f6, then after 17. Bxf6+ Kxf6 18. Qg5+ Kf7 19. Ne5+, Black loses his queen).
17. Qc3+ Kg8 18. Qxh8+ Kxh8 19. Bf6+ Qg7 20. Re8X.
Party 6. G. Neumann - S. Loyd (Paris, 1867)
1. e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 ed 7. 0-0 Nge7 8. cd d5 9. ed Nxd5 10. Ba3 Be6 11. Nbd2 Bxd2 12. Qxd2 Qf6 13. Bb5 Ne7.
Black didn't manage to castle in time, and White builds up the initiative by sacrificing one more pawn.
15. Bxe7 Nxe7 16. Qa5 Rxd5 17. Qxa7 Rxb5 18. Qa8+ Kd7 19. Qxh8 Bg4 20. Rad1+ Nd5 21. Rfe1 Bxf3 22. Qe8+ Kd6 23. Q: b5 and White wins.
Part 7. G. Neumann - A. Andersen (Berlin, 1860)
1. e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 ed 7. 0-0 dc 8. Qb3 Qf6
9. e5 Qg6 10. Nxc3 Bxc3 11. Qxc3 Nge7 12. Ba3 0-0 13. Rad1 d6 14. ed cd 15. Rxd6 Qh5 16. Re1 king.)
16. ... Ng6 (or 16. ... Bg4 17. Ne5, and after a possible 17. ... Nf5 18. Rxc6 bc 19. Bxf8 Rxf8 20. f3 White has an extra piece).
17. Rxg6 Qxg6 18. Bxf8 Bh3 19. Nh4 Qg5 20. Qxh3 Rxf8 21. Bf7+.
(A decisive blow. The bishop cannot be taken because of the checkmate (21. ... Kxf7 22. Qe6X or 21. Rxf7 22. Re8+ Rf8 23. Qe6+ Kh8 24. Rxf8X), after 21. ... Kh8 Black loses the queen : 22. Ng6+).
Part 8. G. Neumann - A. Andersen (Berlin, 1865)
1. e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 ed 7. 0-0 dc 8. Qb3 Qf6 9. e5 Qg6 10. Nxc3 Bxc3 11. Qxc3 Nh6 12. Ba3 Nd8 13. Rfe1 b6 14. Bd5 Bb7.
(Or 14. … c6 15. Be4 Qh5 (15. … Qe6 16. Nd4) 16. e6 Nxe6 17. Bxc6 Rb8 18. Qxg7 Rg8 19. Rxe6+ Kd8 20. Qf6+ Kc7 21. Qf4+ Kd8 22. Rxh6 Qg4 23. Qf6+ Kc7 24. Bd6+ Kxc6 25. Ne5+, winning the queen).
The bishop cannot be taken because of 16. ed+ K:d7 17. Ne5+ and Black is left without a queen. And in case of 15. de decides 16. Qxc7. On 15... fe White continues with 16 Bxb7 Nxb7 17 Ne5 and then 18 Qxc7 wins.
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