Open street map. How to make changes on the Open Street Map (OSM). Programs for a computer with OSM maps

These are unofficial free cards. They are created by the Internet community Open Street Map (OSM). Another definite plus is that more than one person makes them, each registered user can make changes to the map. Constantly updated and and in many regions have more up-to-date information on this moment than official maps.

Instructions for installing OpenStreetMap maps for Navitel Navigator:

1. Make a copy of the memory card (just in case)
2. Copy the necessary *.nm2 files to any folder on the device or memory card (eg /sdcard/NavitelContent/Maps/AtlasOSM). If the regions do not border on each other, then in order for the route to be laid correctly, add a file with an overview map of Russia (Russia-overview-osm-nm2) to the folder with the selected maps.
3. In the Navitel program, open Menu - Settings - Map - Open atlas - middle icon with a folder at the bottom - select a folder and click "ok" (green checkmark)
4. After the indexing process is completed, the maps will be available for navigation

IMPORTANT! Maps of the OSM project are created in the only NM2 format, they work perfectly with the navigation program Navitel Navigator version 5.0.3 and below (better in version 3.5) without failures and restrictions. Also, OSM maps work well on versions of Navitel Navigator up to 9.10.xxxx

Most people's knowledge of OSM is usually limited to: "This is the map that ordinary people like wikipedia. Further, one often hears that OSM maps are not suitable for tourism, that there are no relief, passes, etc. This is not so, and I became convinced of the need to write an educational program.

• What exactly is OSM;
• Why is it for tourists;
• How to get information from OSM when planning a trip;
• How to use it already on the route;
• A little about drawing (addition) OSM.

What is OSM?

This is not the map you see on openstreetmap.org!

95% of the population who have heard of OSM go to this site, see this and reasonably do not experience much outburst of emotions.

OSM is a database. For ease of understanding, imagine a file with a tablet, where the coordinates of points or lines are written in the first column, in the second column, what these points and lines represent. Here is such a plate - this is OSM. Of course, I have simplified the plate now, but the main thing is that you understand that OSM in the original version is just such a boring plate, and not a beautiful multi-colored map and not even a picture.

The data from this plate is used to make…. anything!

From electronic maps for tourists to electrical network diagrams or a poster on the wall with a map of bus routes in your hometown.

Everyone who creates a graphical representation of OSM chooses for his own taste and color how certain objects will be represented there. And whether they will be presented at all. As you can see in the pictures above, those who needed the power map ignored all the objects in the OSM database, except for those related to the power grids. And the creators of Maps.me, when making a map for navigation in the village and nearby, did not insert power lines, mountain passes and fords into their map. Creators sea ​​chart fished out of the database quite the third.

That is, if I really want, then I can make a map where only the seas, benches and wells will be displayed. And the seas will be red, benches will look like a UN flag on the map, wells will be displayed on the largest scale (when, what is shown on what scale can also naturally be different) and will be drawn with crosses. My psychedelic map will be updated (pull up the latest information from the OSM servers) every full moon (Who puts it like that, but I love the full moon!). Nobody will need such a card, but in theory it is possible 🙂

Therefore, there is no list Conventions on OSM maps. Each graphic representation (kind of OSM/rasterizer - you will come across different names) will have a different one. How to receive information from OSM I will describe below. This will be interesting even for those who are intuitively clear on the maps, because, as you probably understood, there is not a single OSM map that would display everything that is in the database at once.

Why do we need it?

You can read more about the maps used to prepare for the trip from me.

Yandex and Google maps for forests and mountains are not applicable - this is, I hope, clear. No paths, no necessary objects, no relief. Corporations are not interested in being distracted and drawing a path along which 100 people will pass in a year. It is not interesting to depict a spring in the forest, and such an insignificant number of their clients need passes that they most likely will never appear there.

But there is a lot of information in OSM that a) does not fit on the map b) is not cartographic in principle. If a competent surveyor has walked around the area before you, then you will get a lot of information that you are usually used to getting from the reports of sports tourists. ( By the way, in reports they sometimes lie and embellish reality because of the motive, crusts and discharges, but the OSM editor has no motive to lie.) And here this information is immediately tied to the area, and not in the form of text. If the area is drawn poorly, then you are out of luck and it is up to you to fix it.

I will show you the easiest way, which does not require installation of any programs, to fish out an interesting additional information from OSM.

Tags are cool, of course, but OSM also provides the ability to route (prepare a track for a hike) along trails / roads automatically, rather than manually clicking on the map. This can be done in the Android application (it also has a package of maps from here) or on the gpsies.com website (the main thing when saving the track is to check that this is your plan, and not the track actually passed), or in the SAS Planet program ( it's bad here).

OSM on route

OSM are vector maps, so it is convenient to use them in navigators (automatic routing along paths, zooming without quality loss, searching for objects). As usual, we have a choice between Garmin and a smartphone.

OSM maps for Garmin navigator

Convenient OSM builds that will fit under backpack backpackers, daily updated:

• https://maptourist.org/osm-garmin - the entire former USSR + Mongolia. The link has a gmapsupp.zip file, unpacking it and putting it on the memory card in the device in the Garmin folder, you will get a map of the entire former USSR. There are also separate files for the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation and Mongolia. This assembly displays passes with categories;
• http://garmin.openstreetmap.ru/federal/ - Russia with files by federal districts (the archive must be unpacked using, for example, 7zip and simply thrown onto the memory card in the device into the Garmin folder);
• http://gis-lab.info/data/mp/# - regions of the Russian Federation and some countries separate files. There are also instructions for pouring, including through Base Camp.

OSM is constantly being tweaked by users and the above builds are constantly being updated, so by uploading the map right before you go, you'll get the latest version.

Many maps do not have horizontal lines. They can be placed separately.

The terrain files are permanent, so I collected them here: https://yadi.sk/d/olnB_ueyxHJW0g They are also easy to fill. After installation, you will see terrain files in separate items in the list of maps of the device, which allows you to turn them off when they are not needed and interfere with viewing the map.
At the link readme file, the horizontal lines of the whole of Russia and separately of the rest of the world from 60*Sh to 56*Sh. You can download both files immediately and torrent files. The contour lines are a gluing of the SRTM and ASTER GDEM Earth space scanning data.

sort of figured out with Garmin.

OSM in smartphone

There are a lot of options here. The simplest of them:

The OSMAnd application did not impress me because I could not download a non-OSM map offline. Since on a hike I use a smartphone, including as a backup storage for maps and satellite imagery.

A little about drawing (addition) OSM

Ideally, you need to draw the map before and after the trip.

• Before the hike- to prepare the most card for your loved one. You can mark forests, rivers, ridges, clearings, roads visible on satellite images.
• After the hike- because it is interesting and to share the information that you have collected during the trip. Much can be mapped only after you have seen it for yourself. The quality of the trail, the number of sites for tents, springs, wells in the villages, the depth of the ford, etc. and so on

The simplest editor - right in the browser. It's called ID. Go to https://www.openstreetmap.org

If you are doing this for the first time, you will have to register (login and password will be useful for other editors).

It is very simple, but there are few opportunities, many things in it are long and inconvenient to do, and you can easily break something.

The best way is to master the JOSM editor. This is already a separate program on the computer. There are a lot of all sorts of bells and whistles, the ability to put a cloud of all sorts of satellite images, upload your tracks and points, view the entire history of object changes, etc. etc. The main thing is that the editing process takes place offline, any action is easily canceled by the usual Ctrl + Z. When you are done, press the button “send data to the server”, the program will check your edits, offer to check the box “I want someone else to check my edits” (check it first), ask you to indicate the source of data about the new batch of changes. And only after this change will fly to the server where the database is stored. On the map of the openstreetmap.org site, the changes will be displayed immediately, in those assemblies for Garmin that I threw above - in a day, and, for example, the same maps.me updates the map once a month.

Instructions for using JOSM: https://josm.openstreetmap.de/wiki/Ru%3AIntroduction

Video instruction in which it all starts with setting up the program: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7UdJrX8nGM

These two instructions (if you wish, you will find more, including on YouTube) will teach you the technical part. To find out exactly what tags certain objects are designated for, use the search in OSMWiki (search box at the top right). With a little experience, you'll remember the tags you use and you'll be less likely to surf the wiki.

Common beginner mistakes:

• draw under the rasterizer. Let's say you're using maps.me for navigation. He does not draw passes ( mountain_pass=yes), this rasterizer was not created for mountain hiking. But you want to see the passes in maps.me on your smartphone. And you start marking passes like tourism=viewpoint ( this tag is supposed to mark places with good view) , which is displayed in maps.me. This is not correct, since these are different objects in meaning, clearly described in the Wiki. And it's your problem that your rasterizer doesn't show something. For another person, everything is probably fine, and he needs to distinguish the pass from the specific place. Even if no rasterizer displays what you want, if the database is maintained properly, it is possible to create a suitable rasterizer for your purposes or modify an existing one. For example, I missed https://maptourist.org/osm-garmin rtsa_scale =* in the build for Garmin. If everything is written in continuous text in one line, then the electronic brain will not cope. If you have information that you do not know how to tag, but is useful to the end user, write it in the tag value description=*. For example, I write to the point shop=hardware (hardware store) information about whether I found refined burner gasoline there.
• redraw from other cards.In general, this item was invented in the West because of all sorts of legal and monetary problems. Yes, Google and Yandex will be very against if you start using their maps, on which they spent money, for the sake of a map distributed for free. But this rule, as they say: "not a bug, but a feature." It allows you to ensure that the path that I see on OSM was drawn from the GPS track by people who actually walked there, and the clearing is visible in the satellite photo, and not copied from the map of the General Staff, which has not been updated for decades. Of course, the trail on OSM could also be overgrown, but when preparing for a hike, we look at all the available maps, and if the trail is drawn on all the maps, then we will be sure of its presence, and if it is not on some map, we we will no longer count on it and plan our actions accordingly. And if the cards begin to redraw one with the other without checking reality, then it will be nonsense. In addition, you already know how to look at the date the trail was created in OSM in order to estimate its presence at the moment, and you know how to delete the object if it is still not on the ground.

One often hears that, since OSM can be edited by anyone, then someone can come there who will erase everything or draw schizophrenic nonsense. If this happens occasionally, then experienced users successfully identify it and eliminate it. Yes, and it’s too difficult and doesn’t scratch the CSV vandals - register somewhere and spoil the map. The abundance of users, of course, increases the number of people who are not familiar with the technical part of mapping, but there are more and more experienced users who will correct for beginners.

This was an introductory course in OSM. Enough to get started :)

Join the hikes through my group.

Without navigation, nowhere, especially considering the state of our roads. Have you noticed that your navigator is not stable? Then you need to download OSM maps for Navitel as soon as possible. They contain all the necessary information about the settlements of the country, these maps show POI objects, such as restaurants, bars, and places for cultural recreation.

OSM maps for navigator - something more than ordinary navigation. This is a project that is created by enthusiasts with their own hands. The service provides raster maps of the area, and navigation services based on them create the maps that we are used to. This approach makes it possible to organize navigation as accurately as possible.

The OSM project is a completely non-commercial project. This means that all maps are provided free of charge under a public license. Moreover, Open Street Map acts as a wiki, which allows everyone to make changes to the maps and this makes OSM even better, better and more popular.

Why OSM is worth using?

Open Street Map has a number of advantages over other projects of a similar nature:

• accuracy;

Navitel OSM maps are so detailed that with a 99% probability every hump and uneven terrain that are on the maps will be found in real life. This is due to the fact that the maps are constantly being finalized by the OSM community on the Internet. As a result, changes are made, old versions are updated, and new maps are improved.

• free distribution;

The project exists on a donation. This made it possible to absolutely download all OSM maps for Navitel. At the same time, the quality will be far from worse than that of paid services.

• wide girth;

Unlike most projects, OSM maps for Navitel cover the entire Earth. Therefore, using them, you are guaranteed to know how to get to the place you need in an unfamiliar country or continent. Moreover, OSM is ahead of some paid "brothers" in accuracy - TomTom/Tele Atlas. According to the study, the accuracy of the Open Street Map exceeds these maps by 27%.

• convenient use;

Maps can be imported in any convenient format - PNG, JPEG, SVG, PDF or PostScript. Also, it is possible to ship them to Garmin, GisRussa.

The WIKI format allowed OSM to create a unique mapping project. After all, the fact that the maps are being finalized by the inhabitants of the area gives undeniable advantages. Firstly, the accuracy is extremely high, and secondly, reliability is ensured. And thirdly, this is the general availability of the OSM map for Navitel. You can download them on our website for free and without SMS.

Read about how to install maps.

Overview map of Russia (Russia-overview)
Altai (Russia-AL)
Altai Territory (Russia-ALT)
Amur Region (Russia-AMU)
Arkhangelsk region (Russia-ARK)
Astrakhan Region (Russia-AST)
Bashkiria (Russia-BA)
Belgorod Region (Russia-BEL)
Bryansk region (Russia-BRY)
Buryatia (Russia-BU)
Chechnya (Russia-CE)
Chelyabinsk region (Russia-CHE)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Russia-CHU)
Chuvashia (Russia-CU)
Dagestan (Russia-DA)
Ingushetia (Russia-IN)
Irkutsk Region (Russia-IRK)
Ivanovo Region (Russia-IVA)
Kamchatka Territory (Russia-KAM)
Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia-KB)
Karachay-Cherkessia (Russia-KC)
Krasnodar Territory and Adygea (Russia-KDA)
Kemerovo Region (Russia-KEM)
Kaliningrad region (Russia-KGD)
Kurgan Region (Russia-KGN)
Khabarovsk Territory (Russia-KHA)
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Russia-KHM)
Kirov region (Russia-KIR)
Khakassia (Russia-KK)
Kalmykia (Russia-KL)
Kaluga Region (Russia-KLU)

(literally " open card streets"), abbreviated OSM— a non-commercial web mapping project to create a detailed free and free geographical map peace.

To create maps, data from personal GPS trackers, aerial photographs, video recordings, satellite imagery and street panoramas provided by some companies, as well as the knowledge of the person drawing the map. Use to create maps of services like Google Maps, without the permission of the copyright holder is impossible.

OpenStreetMap uses the principle of a wiki to create a map. Each registered user can make changes to the map.

Now we will begin our story about how to make changes and additions to this rather detailed, developing and easy-to-use map.

First you need to go to the official OSM website http://www.openstreetmap.org/. You can enter the site both using your personal mailbox, and by linking an existing account in various communities, the icons of which are shown in the figure:

After entering the site, we will have the same picture as in the header photo of the blog. The page header contains the main menu with all the supported commands and features.

Now a completely logical question arises: how to edit the map after all?

The map can be edited both online, using two online editors: iD and Potlatch 2, and offline, using the editor installed on the computer. The second method is convenient for those who have a very low Internet speed or there are restrictions on the traffic used, where all changes can be made on your computer and then sent to the OSM server. Edits are sent as an XML file, so they will not have a significant impact on traffic.

In this article, we will edit the map online using the iD editor, because. iD and Potlatch 2 editors work in the same way, only Potlatch 2 allows you to map more different classes of objects and because of this it is more slow. For drawing and editing on the road map, a fast iD editor is quite enough.

In the upper left corner, we have three highlighted items "Edit", "History" and "Export". Moreover, the "Edit" item is inactive. When you hover over it with the mouse cursor, a hint appears that you need to zoom in to edit.

After the map is enlarged to the required scale, the "Edit" button will become active, when you click on it, a pop-up menu will appear where you can select the desired map editor.

Select the iD editor and start working with the map. You can make changes to the map both manually, using satellite images provided by the OSM service, and by plotting paths obtained from the tracks saved in the navigator. The following image shows the map editing window with the iD editor. Editing will become available only after zooming in, and the scale must be very large. The figure shows the extremely small scale, which is available for editing. As you can see, this scale is not very suitable for plotting objects from space images, but it can be used for plotting roads using GPS tracks.

As you can see, the editor is very simple and allows you to map only three types of objects: a point, a line, and a polygon. As you might guess, a dot is the name of a certain place or a point object, a line is roads, a polygon is various areas (forests, settlements, houses, etc.).

On the toolbar on the right, only two buttons are of interest:

substrate setting. Those. what will be displayed on the map (Google snapshot, OSM map, etc.)

card data. Here, with the help of this button, GPS tracks are loaded into the editor, and also select those classes of objects that should be displayed or hidden on the map when editing.

And now let's figure out how to put objects on the map. I saw that in the ride the route passed in places along forest roads that are not on the OSM map. This deficiency needs to be corrected. To do this, download a real GPS track from Rafael and start plotting roads on a map using a real GPS track. In this example, I want to draw a beautiful forest path that we had before a halt at the lake. Here is a photo of this track:

The track is loaded, now you need to draw this road.

In the figure, the loaded real track is shown in pink, white line along the track is the mapped road. Any applied object can be edited. To do this, simply select it with the mouse cursor. The object does not have to be yours. To complete the drawing of the line on the map, click on the last point. The start and end points of the line are important because they determine the direction of movement. This is especially important when drawing one-way roads and rivers. But at any time the direction of movement can be changed by selecting the appropriate icon that appears after the activation of the object. On an existing object, you can change the position of existing points, add your own (drag the arrow located between the points), and delete points. Those. there is nothing complicated here.

When you select a newly plotted object, the object type menu appears on the left side of the screen

We have a road, so we choose it. After that, a list of possible roads will appear. We have a forest road, so we choose it

After that, we enter the necessary attributes of the forest road. These attributes are important for the OSM map, because they are used for automatic navigation in the future depending on the selected vehicle, as well as the ability to display the object on the map when discarding unnecessary objects (for example, a Ferrari will not drive along a forest road, so the driver of such a car will not want to so that field and forest paths clog the map and participate in automatic routing).

For the created road, I entered the following attributes:

Coating: unpaved

Width: 3m

Legal access: bicycle, motor transport, equestrians, pedestrians

Country road type: Rather soft: rolled soil mixed with hard materials

Patency: Strong wheels: hybrid bikes, cars, rickshaws

Difficulty of the mountain bike trail: 0: Smooth gravel/compacted ground, no obstacles, wide turns

Difficulty of mountain biking: 0: Medium lift<10%, гравий/утоптанная земля, без препятствий

Any action can be canceled before the data is sent to the server. If you forgot to define an object type or assign attributes to it, but at the same time reached the step of entering a comment, the last step can be canceled (clicking "Save") by closing the comment input window, while the unsaved object will not disappear anywhere.

To navigate the terrain, maps need to be loaded into the device with which you will go to this area - capable of receiving a GPS signal, drawing a map and your position on it. If the device can still lay a route, it's generally good.

Today we will talk about converting OpenStreetMap maps for displaying them in Russa or Navitel Navigator programs. Accordingly, these maps can be downloaded to devices running one of these programs.

Generally speaking, you can download ready-made maps of some regions of Russia and some other countries, however, these maps do not cover the whole world and are not always made as we would like. By converting the card yourself, you can achieve much more, if you don't mind the time, of course.

Briefly and for those who know, the conversion looks like this: .osm -> .mp -> .rus / .nm2

Disclaimer - I describe the method that I use myself. If you know an easier way - you are welcome to write in the comments.

Now, in detail:

1) Download.osm
.osm is a vector map format for OpenStreetMap. From is based on XML, i.e. actually text.
You can get the .osm file in the following ways:
1. Download editors: JOSM or Merkaartor. Just download the map rectangle you need from the server and save it to a file. I personally prefer to use JOSM, but you need to install Java for it.
2. Download a ready-made map of a certain region from one of the hosting sites, for example:
- geofabrik.de - whole continents and countries, some countries are divided into provinces/states/regions
- cloudmade.com - the whole world by country, some countries are divided into provinces/states/regions
Just download the file and extract bz2.
3. Download manually via XAPI
To work with XAPI, you need to make an HTTP request to the server, nothing complicated, everything is written at the link.

2) Cut .osm into pieces(If you want to)
.osm files, especially those prepared by country, are quite large and do not undergo subsequent conversion (see below). So they have to be cut.
For cutting, I use a splitter , by default it makes .osm files somewhere around 120 MB, which then almost always go through subsequent conversion. If necessary, the splitter can be configured with parameters command line.
The splitter requires Java to work.
Also keep in mind that in Russa, routing works only with one loaded map. Those. if a map of one country is cut into pieces and loaded into Russa as an atlas, routing will not work.

3) Convert .osm to .mp
.mp is an ancient Polish map storage format. It is good because it is textual and quite human-readable, well, a lot of programs understand it.
For conversion I use osm2mp program. Unfortunately, the program requires Perl to be installed and is not very easy to use.
One way or another, after installing and configuring Perl (described at the link) and downloading osm2mp, the program can be used.
An arbitrary .osm file needs to be sorted beforehand - processed with the attached osmsort.pl script
Then you need to call osm2mp.pl with the conversion parameters.
Through lengthy experiments, I wrote a set of .bat files for myself, for example, a standard conversion with an eye for Russa:
echo Start %date% %time% >> std_err.log echo %1 >> std_err.log perl.exe osmsort.pl %1 > temp_del.osm 2>> std_err.log perl.exe osm2mp.pl --header header_russa. tpl temp_del.osm > %1.mp 2>> std_err.log echo Finish %date% %time% >> std_err.log
You need to call such a .bat file with 1 parameter - the name (and full path) of the .osm file
1st line writes the date and time of the start of the conversion to the std_err.log file
The 2nd line writes the name of the .osm file to the std_err.log file
3rd line executes osmsort, information about the progress of the process (and errors) goes to the std_err.log file
4th line executes osm2mp, information about the progress of the process (and errors) goes to the std_err.log file
The 5th line writes the date and time of the end of the conversion to the std_err.log file
(The path to perl.exe must be written either in the system or in your .bat file)

To convert maps of foreign countries, it is desirable to include transliteration - or even names. For example, by adding following parameters"--nametaglist int_name,name:en,name,name:ru,ref,int_re f,addr:housenumber,operator --translit" right after "osm2mp.pl"

To convert with an eye to Navitel, you need to download a set of osm2navitel configuration files, rename the files there respectively to header_navitel.tpl, poly_navitel.cfg and poi_navitel.cfg; and add parameters "--osmbbox --navitel --disableuturns --header header_navitel.tpl --cfgpoly poly_navitel.cfg --cfgpoi poi_navitel.cfg" to the call to osm2mp.pl

For other conversions, you can also prepare poly*.cfg, poi*.cfg and header*.tpl

Large map may not convert - e.g. 32-bit Perl is limited to 2GB random access memory, as a result, osm2mp cannot handle .osm files with a size of anywhere from 700MB, and sometimes crashes with a memory error on significantly smaller cards. In this case, the card must be cut (see step 2).

4) Convert .mp to .rus (or .nm2)
For this purpose, there is an excellent program GPSMapEdit, which, as the name suggests, is also an editor. It is enough to load the .mp file in GPSMapEdit and make Export to the required format.
But there are a few pitfalls:
- .rus (and .nm2) files saved from GPSMapEdit have a size limit of 16MB. According to my estimates, this equates to about 120MB of an .mp file, or about 600MB of an osm file.
- .nm2 files for Navitel 3.2.* versions are very demanding on the absence of errors on the map, so if "Export failed" occurs, you will have to fix the error on the displayed map, either select a different format, or convert the map with different settings (see step 3).

P.S. , and then convert to .rus or .nm2.