Chess which figure moves diagonally. How pieces move in chess: rules of the game, names and practical advice. Elephant rules

The chessboard is an integral part of the table sport process. Its presence provides the possibility of the game itself, and a beautiful appearance gives aesthetic pleasure to the participants. From time immemorial, the playing field was wooden, but with the development of technology and human imagination, the chessboard has acquired a new look and material.

What should be a chessboard

Before you draw a chessboard, you should know what it looks like externally. The field consists of 64 two-color cells, the color of which changes sequentially. The cells are arranged in 8 rows, each with 8 cells arranged vertically. The horizontal row is indicated by Latin letters from A to H, and the vertical row - from bottom to top by numbers from 1 to 8. As a rule, the first cell H1 is light in color. The figurines begin their arrangement from it. It must be remembered that cells of the same color in no case can be adjacent to each other.

What pieces should be in chess

Like a chessboard, figures should also be drawn with a pencil on a separate sheet of paper. As a rule, they also come in two colors - white and black. The player of each side owns two bishops, two knights, two rooks, one queen, one king and eight pawns. For easier perception of the game, each figure is indicated in the usual way for players:

How to draw a chessboard on paper

1. First you need to acquire such necessary tools as:

• Sheets of paper (to draw the necessary elements).
• Ruler (for drawing accuracy).
• Pencil (felt pen, pen).
• Scissors ( chessmen will need to be cut).
• Adhesive tape (for gluing two opposite sides of the field and other elements).

2. First you need to attach 2 sheets of paper to each other as carefully as possible with tape to draw a chessboard. Then cut off the excess part to get a regular square, the middle of which is at the junction of two sheets.

3. Before drawing a chessboard, make appropriate marks on the resulting square sheet of paper with a pencil. The square should be divided into 64 identical cells. To do this, it is best to mark 9 points on each side of the sheet and connect the opposite points with lines. All points of one side must be at the same distance from each other. As a result, you should get 64 cells that need to be painted over in accordance with the above rules.

4. Other sheets of paper will be needed to draw the chess pieces. Like the sheets chessboard, each sheet should first be marked with dots from both ends at the same level with a pencil, and then connect them. The resulting rectangles will serve as the basis for the figures. Each rectangle should be bent in two places to form 3 equal parts. Both ends of the rectangle should be connected. You will get a triangle, on the edges of which figures should be drawn.

What will happen

As a result, in just 30 minutes of simple work, the chessboard and figures will be ready in a beautiful design. For a more durable service, you can laminate the board and figures, which will make them even more durable.

In chess there are 6 various kinds pieces: king, queen, rooks, bishops, knights and pawns. Chess is played by two people: one with black pieces, the other with white pieces. Each player has 16 pieces (combat units): one king and one queen, two rooks each, two knights and bishops, and 8 pawns each. Each figure moves differently...

For example: Grandmaster Atalik Suat could not learn how a knight walks for about a year!!!

In our school, you or your child will learn to walk with all figures in 1-2 hours!

Here's what it looks like. Below and to the left of the chessboard are letters and numbers. They are called CHESS NOTATION.

Our trainers will talk about the author's developments for quick and effective learning of notation.

Thanks to the notation, each field has its own name, for example: a3, e5, c4, h6, etc. The notation serves to record each move made. First, the piece that makes the move is written, then the square from which it moves, and at the end - the square that it looked like. For example: Ng1-f3, e2-e4, d2-d4, etc.

Each figure has its own designation.

Russian designations of pieces: king (KR), queen (F), rook (L), bishop (C), knight (K), pawns are not indicated in any way. When they move, only the squares are indicated (this can be seen above: e2-e4, d2-d4, etc.).

English designations of pieces: king (K), queen (Q), rook (R), bishop (B), knight (N).

Also, figures can be indicated by small drawings.

King

Many incompetent chess players call the king the strongest piece. This is not true.

During lectures with our trainers, you will learn that

The king is the most IMPORTANT and MAIN figure, without which it is impossible to play according to the rules. All chess pieces have their value, but not the king. According to the rules, it cannot be beaten - which is why it is impossible to say how much it costs.

The diagram shows the possible moves of the king and its schematic representation.

The king can move to any adjacent square next to him in any direction (horizontally, diagonally or vertically), but only if this square is not attacked by enemy pieces or is not occupied by his own. The king beats in the same way as it moves, that is, it can eat any enemy piece standing nearby (if it is not protected).

In chess, there is a situation where the king can move to more squares. This is called castling.

Castling is a joint move of the king and rook: the king moves two squares towards one of the rooks while simultaneously moving the rook to the square passed by the king. Kingside castling is called short castling (denoted 0-0), queenside castling is called long castling (denoted 0-0-0). Castling is not possible when the king is on a field attacked by the opponent or at the moment when he is already attacked. Also, according to the rules, castling cannot be done if the king crosses the square attacked by the opponent.

The chessboard is divided into two sides: the queen side (lines a, b, c, d) and the king side (lines e, f, g, h). The flanks got their names from the position of the pieces (the queen initially stands on d1, the king on e1).

Queen

The queen is the strongest piece. She moves both as a bishop and as a rook (we will discuss the moves of the bishop and rook later).

The queen can move diagonally, vertically and horizontally to any number of squares. Beats the same.

The diagram shows the possible moves of the queen and its schematic representation.

At the beginning of the game, each of the opponents has one queen. The white queen is initially on the d1 square (before the "a" line - this is the queenside; this was described above), the black queen is on d8.

Our experienced coaches will tell you about the inexpediency of bringing the queen into the game early.

The earlier the queen enters the game, the higher the risk that it will be attacked by weaker pieces of the opponent. It is unprofitable to exchange the queen for any piece, except for the enemy queen (after all, the queen is the strongest).

Also, by enrolling in our school, you will learn:

A chess game is divided into three stages: debut - the beginning of the party (stage 1), middle game (from German mittel - middle, spire - game) - middle of the game (stage 2), endgame (from German end - end, spire - game) - the end of the game (stage 3).

In the initial position, White and Black each have 20 possible moves (4 knight moves and 16 pawn moves). You can verify this yourself (when you learn how all the pieces move).

Conclusion: there are 400 ways to play only the first move on both sides. Further more...

Rook

The rook is the second most powerful piece after the queen. Two rooks are approximately equal in strength to the queen, but may be stronger than it.

The rook moves vertically and horizontally to any number of squares. Beats also.

At the beginning of the game, each player has two rooks. They are located at the corners of the board (squares a1, h1, a8, h8).

Many people who are far from chess call the rook a tour.

You will learn from our coaches that this piece is called a rook. So and only so!

The rook can also move differently than described above. This move is castling (long and short) - see the "king" figure.

From our coaches you will learn what a rook endgame is and why it is the most difficult and most common...

Elephant

The bishop is noticeably weaker than the rook and much weaker than the queen, but approximately equal in strength to the knight.

Coaches of our school will talk about these situations

For example: it is possible to checkmate a lone king with two bishops, but not with two knights (with proper defense).

At the beginning of the game, each of the opponents has two bishops. They are located on the c1, f1, c8, f8 squares. Each side has a BLUE-SQUARE and BLACK-SQUARE bishop. It will be more clear after you learn how the elephant walks (see diagram).

The elephant walks diagonally. Now it is clear that he can only control half of the board (32 squares out of 64). One white bishop controls the white squares, the other the black ones. Black's bishops are no different.

The elephant beats in the same way as it walks. If an enemy piece is encountered on his way, he can pick it up by standing on its square.

When you have two bishops, and the opponent has an elephant and a knight (or two knights), it is generally accepted that there is an approximate material balance on the board.

You will learn from our experienced trainers that having two bishops is almost always an advantage and learn how to use it

It is wrong to call a bishop an OFFICER (as well as a rook - a TUR, and a queen - a QUEEN).

An erudite, experienced and strong specialist will help you figure out the correct name of chess pieces

Horse

The knight is considered one of the weakest pieces, although it also happens that it is better to have a knight than a bishop. In exceptional cases, a knight can be even stronger than a queen (!!), however, like any weaker piece, it can be better than a stronger one.

You will learn about such cases from our trainers (one of the more entertaining topics)

A chess knight is most similar to an ordinary knight (which cannot be said, for example, about a bishop and a rook).

At the beginning of the game, both sides have two knights. They are located on the squares b1, g1, b8, g8. Learning to walk a horse is difficult (at the beginning of the article it was mentioned), but ...

Your child will be able to learn this in a short time and in an accessible, even playful way thanks to the experienced staff of the chess school

In the diagram, the knight is on the e4 square. From here he can go to 8 different fields (and in eight directions).

Reference: The knight, king and queen can move from the same field in eight different directions. Bishop and rook - only four.

Let's list where the knight can go from the e4 square: f2, d2, c3, c5, d6, f6, g5, g3.

The knight walks in a kind of zigzag - through the adjacent field (even occupied) vertically or horizontally, then moving away from the starting position to one of the adjacent fields diagonally.

Simply put, the knight moves with the letter "G": two fields vertically and one horizontally, or vice versa - two fields horizontally and one vertically.

The knight is very strong in closed positions (when the pawns of both sides have rested against each other), since it is the only piece that can jump over obstacles in its path.

The previous information about the horse is a drop in the ocean of what you need to know about him. You will learn about everything else by enrolling in our school.

Pawn

The pawn is the weakest combat unit, which is not even considered a piece. A pawn is just a pawn.

At the beginning of the game, each side has 8 pawns. White is located on the squares a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2, g2, h2. Black is located on the fields a7, b7, c7, d7, e7, f7, g7, h7.

The pawn moves only one space vertically forward. True, from the initial field, she can go two fields ahead at once.

Since the pawn is the weakest, all other pieces are valued in pawn equivalent. So,

At our school you will learn that:

- a knight and a bishop cost about three pawns each;

- rook - about 5 pawns;

- queen - approximately 9 pawns.

There is no absolute specificity, since a lot depends on the specific position on the board, and therefore it is impossible to say for sure.

From the coaches of the school you will learn about the positions in question and how to determine the value of the pieces in them

According to their location, pawns are divided into rook, knight, bishop, central (queen and king). The name of a pawn is determined by the name of the piece behind it.

The pawn does not attack the way it moves (unlike other pieces):

And she hits obliquely (on one field diagonally). (See diagram).

Since the pawn is already the weakest, it is endowed with another interesting ability: a capture on the aisle.

On the diagram, "taking on the aisle" is shown in dynamics. The black pawn moves from d7 to d5 and crosses the square d6, which was attacked by the white pawn. In this case, the white pawn has the right to take the black pawn and stand on the square that it initially attacked, that is, on d6.

You will learn more about this possibility of pawns from the lectures of our school, under the supervision of professionals in 1-1.5 hours

Another unique ability of the pawn is promotion to any piece.

Let's imagine that in the position on the diagram, the white pawn was on e7 (where the arrow starts) and moved to e8 (where the arrow ends). Consequently, the pawn looked like the last rank (for white it is the eighth rank, for black it is the first rank). In this case, the pawn has the right to turn into any piece (of course, except for the king - after all, he is the most important and each side can have only one). The diagram shows which pieces a pawn can choose for its promotion (queen, bishop, rook, knight). Almost always a pawn promotes to a queen, since the queen is the strongest piece (why promote to something weaker?)

The coaches of our school will talk about situations when it is beneficial to promote a pawn into other pieces, except for a queen. This is illustrated by interesting and instructive examples.

Chess pieces are divided into light and heavy. Lungs - horses and elephants. Heavy - rooks and queen. The king is not an easy, not a heavy figure (just the most important). Pawns are not pieces at all.

The ability to master the game of chess for each beginner manifests itself in different ways, much depends on the mindset, efforts, desires, but the first steps are the same for all beginner chess players. The first step is to learn the rules for arranging the pieces before the game, the next important point is to study the principles of how pieces in chess move on the board. They must be mastered by everyone who wants to start mastering chess. The rules for the movement of pieces did not change throughout long history games are used in all countries.

King's powers

Despite the fact that the king is the main piece, without which the game cannot continue, the possibilities of this piece are extremely limited. The entire chess army is obliged to reliably protect it from the encroachments of the enemy.

In the initial arrangement, the king is located in the center on the horizontal 1 if it is white chess, or on the strip 8 for the black pieces. He stands on a square of a different color. That is, the black king is on a white field, white on black. The figure has no restrictions in the direction of movement. She can move during the game:

• forward or backward
• left or right,
• along all diagonals.

But the length of the king's move is small, it is only a square. The king has the opportunity to "kill" the enemy, provided that he is on an adjacent field. It should not be in the zone of action of another piece. If the king does not have the opportunity to leave, take cover, the position is called “checkmate”, a defeat is counted.

Queen move

Sometimes this figure is called a queen, which fully corresponds to its unlimited possibilities. It is not in vain that the importance of the queen is equal to 9 pawns, it has an excellent opportunity to move freely throughout the board if there are no obstacles. Like the king, the queen has the privilege of being able to move in all directions. Moreover, the figure is able to move to any number of fields, regardless of their color. This is the most powerful, mobile participant in the battle, you can sacrifice this figure only in the most extreme case. It is very difficult to win a game without a queen.

Elephant rules

Another name for the figure is "officer". This piece, indeed, as an efficient warrior can perform difficult tasks, defeat an opponent located on the other side of the board. There are several rules for elephants:

• each player at the beginning of the game has 2 elephants;
• pieces move only on the fields of their color, on which they are installed before the game;
• the elephant moves in chess only diagonally to any number of cells;
• it does not jump over pieces.

If there are enemy pieces on the diagonal directions available to this officer, he can "eat" them. To do this, the “killed enemy” is removed, an elephant is installed in its place. According to the scale of values, 1 officer replaces three pawns.

The movement of the knight on the board

The chess horse has the most difficult trajectory, this piece walks along the path in the shape of the letter "L". In order to rearrange it, you need to count three cells horizontally or vertically and one cell to the right or left. The color of the fields does not matter for the knight; in total, a figure standing three cells from the edge or further has eight options for moving. They are chosen depending on the situation on the board. The advantage of the knight is its ability to jump over any piece, their presence is not an obstacle for the knight. If there is an enemy unit at the end of its trajectory, it is removed, it is considered "eaten" (cut down).

Rook movement

Some amateur chess players call this piece a round. Players also try to keep it, not to sacrifice a piece without special need. The value of the rook lies in its free movement. It is limited to straight lines. But:

• the color of the fields does not matter;
• you can move forward and backward, left and right;
• the number of cells in one move is not limited;
• it is possible to use castling.

The tour does not jump over the pieces, if there is an enemy unit on the way, you can “cut it down”, put the rook on this cell, and remove the captured piece.

In some cases, to save the king from checkmate, castling can improve the situation. Only the tour can participate in it along with the king. Such an operation can be carried out only if both participants have not yet made a single move in the game. When castling, the king is moved two squares towards the rook, and it is placed near him on the other side. Simultaneous permutation of two pieces in chess is allowed only in castling.

Rules for pawn moves

Before the game, eight pawns are placed in a row on the second rank in front of the big pieces. For white chess, this is strip number 2, for black - number 7. These figures are considered insignificant, they are soldiers of the army who perform small tasks, often sacrificing them for more important purposes. However, one should not belittle their role, in some cases pawns can turn the tide of the game.

The rules for moving pawns are simple, they move only one square forward. The pawn cuts the enemy only diagonally, it cannot “eat” the piece standing in front. There is one more exception. On the first move from the initially lined row, the pawn can be moved forward two squares at once.

All chess pieces perform two important tasks. They provide protection to the king, preventing "stalemate" and "checkmate", they try to bring down as many opponents as possible.

The pawn has another important goal - it needs to reach the opposite edge of the board. It is extremely difficult to do this, since on the way she has a lot of chances to be “eaten”. In addition, this piece is often sacrificed to protect more important units. However, if such a task is successfully completed, a miraculous transformation occurs with the pawn, it can become any other piece that the player needs in this moment. In most cases, she is successfully transformed into a powerful queen. But this is not necessary, the player can make a choice in favor of a knight, tour or bishop, if he needs these pieces to win.

During the game, 32 chess pieces interact, but, of course, as the game progresses, their number decreases. Fighting units of several types take part in the battle: these are the main king and queen, paired rooks, knights and bishops, as well as pawns. Now we will figure out how the pieces in chess move in pictures. Material especially for beginners and for children.

How a pawn moves in chess

The first feature of pawn soldiers is that they cannot move backwards. The second - starting from the second move, the pawn can move only one cell at a time. But the first move is an exception - the player has the right to put a pawn one cell forward and move it two. The pawn captures one square in the diagonal direction and in both directions. Here is the second feature of these small proud figures: they walk according to one principle, and they beat according to another, which makes them different from all the others.

It would seem that a pawn can hide something else interesting. But a lot can depend on it in the game. After all, having reached the last horizontal (opposite the initial one for this player), this small figure can become anyone, except, of course, the king. You just need to remember that such a "substitution" is considered a full-fledged move.

Pawns have their own rules. For example, the so-called "taking on the aisle." It implies that if the pawn of another player has crossed the beaten square, it can be captured without hindrance. However, here there is a peculiarity: the rule is valid only on the next move, after a move this advantage can no longer be used.

How a knight moves in chess

The horse is known for walking along an unusual trajectory, which, when outlined, resembles the letter "G". That is, he moves two spaces forward and then one space to the side. And so he can move in any direction, which means that in the center of the field he has as many as 8 options for moves, and two - when moving from the corner. Interestingly, only the knight has the right to jump over pieces (both his own and others') during the move. It can be very dangerous for the opponent's pieces, even if it seems to be closed from them. And during the battle, the horse stands on the place where the downed figure was.

By the way, this feature of the figure passed into colloquial speech. The phrase "Make a knight's move" means an unusual step, a cunning unexpected plan.

How an elephant moves in chess

The elephant is considered a strong figure, it is commensurate with a horse, but it has some features. In some situations it will be stronger, and in some it will be weaker. Like the knight, it belongs to the "light pieces". As for the movements of the bishop on the board, it moves along the diagonals for as many squares as you like.

In this case, the players are located each with two bishops, which move only along the corresponding color of the cells, white or black.

How does a rook move in chess

This piece is similar in gravity to the queen, it moves along the board strictly vertically or horizontally and beats in the same way.

There is one unusual chess technique associated with the rook, which is called “castling”. It is performed by two figures at once. Its essence lies in the fact that the king suddenly changes its location for the opponent, finding himself in a safer place and under the protection of other pieces. During this operation, the king moves two squares towards the rook, and the rook itself becomes the king. There are several important conditions for such a move:

• castling is available only to the king and rook that were previously immobile;
• there should be no obstacles on the line between these figures, the fields should be empty;
• castling is not done if the king is under attack;
• the same applies to the squares: the king, of course, cannot go under the check, but there is a snag - the cell that the king "jumps over" must also be clear of the enemy's sights.

Interestingly, castling can be done in both directions: both to the rook near the queen, and to the one closest to the king.

The move has one more rule. The king must be the first to leave his seat. The fact is that if the rook goes first, the second player has every right to say that the move has already been completed.

How the queen moves in chess

The queen is the strongest character on the chess battlefield, his movement capabilities are impressive. It moves vertically, horizontally, and diagonally, without limiting the number of fields.

The queen can be used both for attack and for defense, it is the most important. Therefore, it is extremely important to protect the queen, not to jeopardize it without a good reason (professionals sometimes achieve their game goals by this) and not to exchange it for a less significant piece. An equivalent exchange will be a queen, or two rooks, or three minor pieces.

How the king moves in chess

This is the most important piece around which the game is built, and therefore when a checkmate is announced, the game ends. The king cannot walk under the battle and be under it, he must be constantly protected. His ability to move is rather limited: in any direction, but only on one field. When the number of pieces decreases during the game, the strength of the king is commensurate with another minor piece.

There are several options for the development of events for the king. The first is check, which means being under attack. The piece must be immediately moved to another place, such a move cannot be postponed for the sake of other strategic movements. On the other hand, it is possible to organize a defense or capture a piece that declared check by another piece or even by the king himself.

The next stage is checkmate, the end of the game. In this position, the king is already under threat, that is, a check, and he has nowhere to move away, and there is no way to remove these pieces. There is another interesting situation, which is called stalemate. Here the king, although not under check, has no way to move anywhere, since all the nearest cells are also under attack. In such a situation, the result of the game is a draw.

A win is worth 1 point, a draw is worth 0.5 points, and a loss is worth 0.

Interesting fact. Some figures have double names. For example, in pre-revolutionary times, the bishop was an officer, the rook was a round, and the queen was called a queen. However, experienced chess players practically do not use these names, they are common among amateurs.

The game of chess is inexhaustible, the number of moves in one game can be quite large, but not everyone knows how chess pieces move. For this reason, many amateur level players play chess by their own rules every day, without even realizing that they are doing it wrong.

In this case, you should figure out where chess came from, the names of the pieces, and how they move in this or that case. A huge number of moves, as a rule, scares off beginners, although in fact there is absolutely nothing to be afraid of. Having delved into the game, all difficulties will instantly disappear, because all the variety of positions and all kinds of chess combinations based on the elementary movements of the figures.

A Brief History of Chess

To date, the exact origin of chess is still unknown, although there are several good versions. One of them claims that the game originated in India more than two millennia ago. Historians who adhere to this version say that chess is the result of the development of other games that have similarities with them. The game that many people use now became known only from the 15th century, and it also gained popularity in Europe.

Even though no one knows where this game came from, we know the rules of chess, how the pieces move, and how to win by cheating.

Purpose of the game

Surely many people know that the game will require a board where exactly 64 cells are marked (dark and light alternate), and the players must take places opposite each other. The game of chess seems to us incomprehensible, but at the same time extremely simple. How the pieces move will be described below, but for now it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the purpose of the game.

Each player has exactly 16 pieces:

• king;
• queen;
• 2 rooks;
• 2 elephants;
• 2 horses;
• 8 pawns.

The goal of chess is to checkmate the opponent's king. A checkmate is a situation when one of the kings is threatened in the form of an opponent's piece, that is, the king is already in check and cannot avoid this position in any way.

Start

Before starting the game, you should set the board in such a way that both opponents have a light cell in the lower right corner. Next, the figures are arranged in rows:

1. Rooks in the corners, next to the knights, then the bishops. In the center there is a queen (on a cell of the same color as the figure itself) and a king is placed next to it on an empty cell.
2. The next row consists entirely of pawns.

The player who chose the light-colored pieces must go first. If a dispute arises over who will play what kind of chess, you can toss a coin ("heads or tails") or blindly choose one or another piece (what color it will be, everyone else will be like that).

Now you need to figure out how the pieces in chess move. For beginners, this may seem complicated at first, although in fact there is nothing special here.

How pieces move in chess

Each figure has its own trajectory of movement. To understand how chess pieces move, you do not need to rack your brains, because these rules are extremely simple and you can remember them very quickly.

You just need to learn the main points:

1. When making a move, some pieces do not pass through others.
2. You cannot move to a cell occupied by your own piece.
3. Before making a move, you need to think about how and which piece to place in such a way that it defends its territory and can capture an opponent’s piece in this or the next move.

King

Now we should consider each of the figures separately. For successful game it is not enough just to know the main points that tell how the pieces move in chess. For children and adults, the most interesting figure is the king. It is at the same time the most important, but also the weakest. He has the ability to move only one cell, but completely in any direction, including diagonally. In addition, he cannot stand on the cell that is already under check, that is, where the opponent's piece will immediately take him.

Queen

People of any age can be interested in chess. Not everyone knows how the figures are called and how they walk. It is worth noting that only those people who have experience in playing chess are familiar with the name of this figure. The rest call the queen queen.

The queen is the most powerful and powerful piece. He, like the king, can move in any direction. Unlike the previous figure, he has the ability to move to any number of cells, but without jumping over other figures.

Rook

The question of how chess pieces move, and especially the strongest ones, is quite popular not only among beginners, but also among amateurs. The rook is a unique piece that combines the capabilities of both the king and the queen. That is, she can walk on any number of cells, but only vertically or horizontally. In addition, the rook can easily take part in castling along with the king.

Elephant

The elephant belongs to the category of light pieces and can move to any number of cells, but only diagonally. It should be noted that at the very beginning of the game, one bishop occupies a dark cell, and the second - a light one. For the whole game, they cannot change the original color in any way, so each player has two pieces that can go diagonally and capture the opponent's piece both on a dark and on a light square. Both bishops must always work together and cover weak sides each other.

Horse

The only, and therefore unique, combat unit of chess is the knight. Only he has the ability to jump over other pieces. He walks exclusively with the letter "G". That is, first it moves two cells horizontally or vertically, and then one cell that is perpendicular to the original direction. Due to the fact that the knight has the ability to jump over other pieces, he can make a check to the king, from which he is not able to close.

Pawn

Many people know for sure which pieces in chess move first. But how exactly they walk is a more difficult question. A rather unusual piece - a pawn, can only move forward one cell and only diagonally. In the very first move, the pawn can move a couple of squares forward. There is no way she can go back. If any piece is located directly in front of it, then the pawn has no opportunity to either beat it or make a move until the place in front is freed.

transformation

At first glance, the pawn seems to be an unnecessary piece, since it is too weak. But she has one interesting feature that only experienced players. It lies in the fact that if the pawn goes all the way to the opposite side, then it becomes any other piece (this phenomenon is called "pawn promotion"). Only this piece can do this and, as a rule, it is turned into a queen. There is also a misconception that it can only turn into one of the previously taken figures, but in fact this is not so.

Taking on the pass

Another rule, which applies only to pawns, is called "capture on the aisle". It lies in the fact that if the pawn made the first move two squares and stood side by side with the opponent's pawn, then the second one has the opportunity to "eat" the first, that is, to take on the aisle, from which the name came. Such a situation is allowed to be used only during the next move, that is, immediately after the pawn moves two squares. If the opportunity was missed, then in subsequent moves it will not work to take the piece.

Castling

An equally important rule, called "castling", is to perform two important actions in one move. The first is to secure the king, and the second is to remove the rook from the corner, thereby launching it into the game. When castling, the player has the opportunity to move his own king a couple of squares to the right or left side, as well as move the rook from the corner to the square next to the king (on the opposite side). But there are several conditions under which castling is allowed:

• before that, the king had not made a single move;
• the corresponding rook also never moved;
• there are no other pieces between the king and the rook;
• the king is not in check at this time.

In the direction of the kingside, the king himself is located closer to the edge of the chessboard, which is called “short castling”, and the opposite (“long castling”) will be the same action, but across the entire field to the place where the queen was previously located. But with any of these options, the king can only move a couple of squares.

Checkmate

As already mentioned, the main task of the players is to checkmate the opponent's king. This will be the end of the game when the main piece is under the threat of a check and has no way to avoid it. But still, there are several methods by which you can get away from the check:

• move to another cell (except for the castling method);
• close with another figure;
• take the piece that placed the check.

If there are no such possibilities, then the king is checkmated and the game ends. As a rule, the king is not removed from the board, as is done with captured pieces, but simply the game is declared over.

Draw

Very often the game ends in a draw. There are five reasons for this:

• lack of pieces on the board for checkmate;
• 50 moves have already been made, and during this time none of the opponents has moved a pawn and has not been able to capture a single piece;
• the usual agreement of both players to a draw;
• the occurrence of a stalemate, that is, some player does not have the opportunity to make a move;
• if the same position is observed on the board for the third time (not in a row).

In most cases, when a draw is declared, the players by common agreement start the game again.