How to arrange chess on the board. The arrangement of chess pieces on the board and the rules of the game. The meaning of the figures, their "cost"

The rules of chess for beginners - the first acquaintance with this exciting game. For adults and children - in pictures.

Rules of the game

Chess is a game played by two people. The pieces in the game are located on different sides of the board, which contains 64 fields in black and white.

Board

The right near playing field for each player must be white. Horizontal rows are numbered from 1 to 8, vertical rows are indicated by Latin letters from a to h. Therefore, you can quickly write down the moves of any game, consisting of letters and numbers.

Opponents play on opposite sides of the board, one of them moves with white pieces, the second with black pieces. The pieces in each game are placed in the same way as follows:

The first move in the game is made by white pieces (the decision on who plays which pieces is made by lot). So, first the white pieces move, then the black ones, then again the white ones, then the black ones, and so on.

How chess pieces move

Pawns

Pawns have the right to walk only forward. They beat the opponent's pieces diagonally and take the place of the piece that was beaten. In its original position, the pawn can move through one square, or move only to the next square forward. In the case when she is already in the game (that is, she made moves), then she can only move one square forward.

Rook (tour)

Rook moves and beats the opponent's pieces forward or sideways. Strictly horizontally or vertically. For any number of cells available on the board. All pieces are removed from the board, the king cannot be eaten, you can only declare checkmate. A rook can also jump over its own king, but only during castling. The symbolic designation of the rook is L or R.

Horse

At the horse an unusual move: he jumps over the rest of the figures into two squares and one sideways, with the letter "G". This is the only piece on the board, which at any time can jump over any piece, its own or someone else's.

That is, even in the complete environment of the opponent's pieces, the knight can theoretically be saved, while for other pieces the environment is extremely bad. The knight’s movement scheme is similar to the letter “G”: two cells forward, backward, right or left, and then one cell to the side (shown in the figure).

Officer (elephant)

Elephant moves diagonally to the desired number of cells. These are usually only cells of the same color. Because it's diagonal. Therefore, they are called a black-squared bishop or a light-squared bishop.
The elephant can overcome any available number of cells. For brevity in writing, this figure is denoted C or B in the English version.

Queen

Queen (queen). The strongest figure in chess game, moving any number of fields in a straight line or diagonally in all directions. In the initial position, the queen always occupies a square of her color, hence the expression: "The queen loves her color."

There are positions from which the queen can attack up to 27 cells at once. In Russian records, the queen corresponds to the symbol Ф, in English - Q.

King

The goal of the game is to capture the king. Checkmate him. Therefore, it is the most significant and significant chess piece. The king moves in any direction: straight, sideways and diagonally. But, just one step.

The king does not have the right to make moves to an adjacent field if it is attacked by one of the opponent's pieces, or if another piece of the same color as the king is on this field.

Shah

A check is when the king is directly attacked by one or more pieces. Since the king cannot be taken according to the rules, its owner must escape from the blow on the next move. You can move your pieces only to protect the king from the check.

Pat

A stalemate situation occurs when the king is not in check, and the player playing it cannot make a single move according to the rules (you cannot put the king under check yourself). In this situation, the game is considered to have ended in a draw.

Mat

The most frequent result of a chess game. The king of one of the opponents is under attack, which cannot be repelled. This is mat. The player of such a king loses the game.

Game moments

• The game can end in the victory of one of the opponents or in a draw.
• A chess player can checkmate an opponent.
• The opponent may admit defeat if the situation seems hopeless to him due to the large damage.
• Players can agree to a draw on their own, but there are situations when they are forced to do so. If one player has a king and a knight left, and the other has a king and a bishop, it is impossible to win the game without an opponent's gross mistake.
• For more high level a draw is sometimes fixed when the same moves are repeated three times.

Well, now try with a computer.

Chess is a game for two. One player (White) uses pieces white color, and the second player (Black) usually plays with black pieces. The board is divided into 64 small black and white squares (fields).

There is a system (notation) that describes the situation on the board and the movement of all pieces and pawns.

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

In this system, the vertical rows of fields are called lines (verticals) and are denoted by Latin letters: a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h. Horizontal rows of fields are called rows (horizontals) and are numbered from 1 to 8 (1st row, 2nd row, etc.). Each field has its own designation (for example, the field e4, marked with a yellow circle on the board).

EXAMPLE 3

Oblique rows of fields - diagonals are indicated by end fields, for example: a2-g8 and h4-d8 diagonals (marked with red lines). While the verticals and horizontals include fields of different colors, the diagonals consist of fields of the same color, either white or black fields. For example, the diagonal b1-h7 white-field (marked with a green line), and the diagonals c1-a3 and a3-f8 black-field (marked with a blue line). 2 diagonals consisting of 8 fields ( a1-h8 and h1-a8) are called long (main) diagonals (marked with yellow lines).

EXAMPLE 4

STARTING POSITION

At the beginning of the game, each side has:

Pawns and pieces (together) are called material. At the beginning of the game, the parties have material equality. The goal of the game is to capture the opponent's king. This is called checkmate the king.

The queen and rooks are heavy pieces. Elephants and horses are light pieces.

Chess pieces in the notation are described as follows: king - Kr; queen - F; rook - L; elephant - C; horse - K; pawn - p.

In chess game notation, the pawn designation (p) is most often omitted.

Arrangement of pieces and pawns in this moment a position or situation is called on the board. The diagram shows the starting position.

White occupies the first and second ranks, black - the seventh and eighth. The board must be positioned so that the top left corner box is white ( h1 for whites and a8 for blacks). In the initial position, the white queen must be on a white square ( d1) and the black queen - on the black field ( d8).

EXAMPLE 5

The left half of the chessboard (from a to d) is called the queenside, and the right half of the board (from e to h) is called the kingside.

EXAMPLE 6

Four central fields ( d4, d5, e4, e5) are called 2 center. This is a very important part of the board.

MOVE

Any movement of a piece or pawn on the board is called a move. Players take turns making moves, the white player starts first.

You cannot move a piece onto a square already occupied by your own piece or pawn. The knight is the only piece that can jump over squares occupied by its own pieces or pawns and enemy pieces.

Rook

The rook can move any number of squares either horizontally or vertically.

On the diagram white rook can go to any square on the e-file or to any square on the 4th rank, for a total of 14 squares.

EXAMPLE 7

Elephant

The bishop can move any number of squares along the diagonal.

In the diagram, the white bishop on d4 can go to any square on the diagonals a1-h8 and g1-a7, in total 13 fields are available to him. The other white bishop has only 7 squares at his disposal.

In the starting position, each player has one bishop that can only move on white squares and one bishop that can only move on black squares. They are often called light-squared and dark-squared elephants.

EXAMPLE 8

Queen

The queen can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally and diagonally, as shown in the diagram.

Thus, the queen combines the capabilities of the rook and the bishop, in addition, it can move along both the white and black diagonals. The diagram shows that the queen standing on d4, 27 fields are available. Such mobility makes the queen by far the strongest piece.

EXAMPLE 9

Horse

The horse moves in a very unusual way.

From the black field e5 the white knight can go to one of the 8 white squares, as indicated by the arrows. The knight moves 1 square forward and one diagonally, and only on the field of the opposite color to the field on which it is located at the beginning of the move. The diagram shows that the knight jumps over the field d5 and gets on the field c6 or c4; through e6 on the field d7 or f7; through f5 on the field g6 or g4, and through e4 on the d3 or f3. The knight always moves from white to black and vice versa. We can say that the horse walks with the letter "G".

EXAMPLE 10

This is the only piece that can jump over its own and other people's pieces.

Although the white knight is surrounded on all sides by its own and other pieces and pawns, this does not prevent it from moving to the fields marked with markers.

The horse stands out for its exceptional maneuverability.

The well-known problem is to go around the whole board with a knight, having visited each square only once. Mathematicians have established that there are more than 30 million such routes. Although the best minds have been solving this problem for several centuries, no one has established the exact number of such routes.

EXAMPLE 11

King

The king can move one square in any direction (diagonal, vertical, horizontal).

On the diagram, the squares to which the king can move are marked with dots.

In the corner of the board, the king's mobility is reduced: on the extreme rank, only 5 squares are available to him. When the king is located on the corner square of the board, then only 3 squares are available to him.

EXAMPLE 12

TAKE

A piece can capture an enemy piece or a pawn in its path. This piece is removed from the board and its place is taken by a piece that makes a move. After that, the move is considered completed. A piece can capture an enemy piece or pawn only if it can move to the square where the capturing piece is located.

White's move. The white queen simultaneously threatens the black rook and bishop and can capture one of these pieces. Since the rook is a more valuable piece, White takes the rook on d4. The following position appears:

EXAMPLE 13

Before taking.
1. Јd4 After taking:

The player is not required to make a possible capture.

Pawns

To denote a pawn, we will add the file on which it is located or the square: the f-pawn, the g4-pawn, and so on. Pawns are also named after the piece located on this file in the initial position: the queen's pawn (d-pawn), the king's pawn (e-pawn), the rook's pawn (a or h pawn), the knight's pawn (b or g), the bishop's pawn (c or f).

Unlike pieces, which can move in any direction, a pawn can only move one square forward vertically. An exception for the initial position, for example, a white pawn on the second rank and a black pawn on the 7th rank can move 2 squares forward at once.

Pawns move only vertically, but captures are made diagonally, to the left or right.

In the diagrams, white pawns can only move up and black pawns can only move down.

Let's look at the pawn moves in the diagram. The white pawn on a4 can only move to one square:

EXAMPLE 14

[Since the white pawn c2 in the initial position, then she can also play 1. c3;

The white pawn on d4 does not threaten the black king, but can take one of two black pieces: 1. dc;

Black can make the following pawn moves: 1... ab

In addition to the usual capture, a pawn can capture an opponent's pawn (but not a piece) on the pass.

The situation (example 15) occurs after the moves

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 f6

A similar situation can arise if Black plays 3...f5 instead of 3...f6

EXAMPLE 15

Now White has the right to take the black f-pawn on the pass with his e-pawn. To do this, White removes the black pawn from the board and moves his pawn to f6. In notation: 4. ef

However, if White does not immediately use the right to capture on the aisle, then on the next move he already loses it. If in Diagram 1 White does not play 4. exf6, then on the next move he can no longer capture this pawn. Only the white pawn on the fifth rank and the black pawn on the fourth rank can receive the right to capture on the aisle.

The mobility of the pawn and its attacking potential is much lower than that of any piece (the rook pawns control only one square, while the remaining pawns control two squares). However, a pawn can be promoted to any piece except the king. When a pawn reaches the last rank (the white pawn is on the 8th rank and the black pawn is on the 1st rank) it can promote to a piece (queen, bishop, rook or knight) of the same color, regardless of whether there are already such pieces on the board or not. This is called pawn promotion.

Thanks to this ability of the pawn, the player can have more pieces of a certain type than in the initial position, several queens, for example. Most often, the pawn turns into the most powerful piece - the queen.

When the pawn reaches the last rank, the notation after the pawn's move indicates the piece into which the pawn advances. In position on the diagram, the notation would look like this:

EXAMPLE 16

1.d8 Ј - this means that the white pawn has reached the 8th rank and has become a queen.

A pawn can also promote to a queen by capturing the bishop on e8: 1. de Ј ;

White can promote his pawn to any other piece. In this case, for example, it is best to take the bishop and turn the pawn into a knight, which immediately attacks the black king and queen at the same time 1. de ¤

NOTATION

In this position, White moves the knight from e3 to c4, simultaneously attacking the black rook on b6 and the pawn on d6. Such an attack is called a double strike. Black removes the rook on b8 and White wins the d6-pawn.

Now Black faces a new danger: White threatens the bishop on c6. To avoid the threat, Black takes him to d7. Let's display these moves using chess notation. White's first move

EXAMPLE 17

1. ¤ c4 , where 1 is the move number, K is the abbreviation for the piece making the move, and c4 is the square the piece moved to. White's next move and Black's response are described in the notation in the same manner. The symbol is used to indicate a capture. x(multiplication sign), for example 2. To xd6. Now we can list all the moves in this example: 1... ¦b8 2. ¤d6 Ґd7 The three dots before the move (when necessary) indicate that it is Black's move.

Chess is very old game. Some people believe that it originated in India in the 4th or 5th century, but no one really knows who invented it. Chess is an intellectual contest between two players. This is a very rational game where luck plays only a small role. The winner is the person who solved the puzzles on the chessboard better than his opponent.

All chess pieces have a different value, measured in pawns. For example, a queen is worth 9 pawns, so it is significantly more valuable than a pawn that has a value of only 1. The king can never be captured, and if it is in danger, then it must be moved to a safe place or protected by another piece. If he fails to achieve safety, then the game is considered lost. The person playing the white pieces always starts the game first.

Before you start playing chess, you must obviously set up the board and place the pieces on it, and they must be placed the same way every time. Below you see the correct way to set up the board and pieces for the game. This may sound terribly complicated to you, but it really isn't. Let's see if we can break this down into specific steps (and a few simple rules) that will make the process really easy.

But first look at the board itself. The board consists of 8x8 squares (64 in total). There is a right way and a wrong way to lay out a board. The rule to remember here is that the light square should be in the corner to your right, which is highlighted in yellow. This is really important, as will be seen later.

Incidentally, some boards have letters and numbers along the outer edges, as shown in the picture. This is due to the so-called chess notation, which we will get acquainted with later. But if your board has these symbols, position it so that the letters face the players and the numbers run along the right and left sides. If you do this, then your bottom right corner cell is guaranteed to be light.

By placing further pawns, you will do about half of the work. There are 8 white and 8 black pawns in total. They are simple. You just need to put them in a line on the second and seventh rows (8 cells, 8 pawns. Elementary).

If you imagine the battlefield, then the commoners - the pawns - are the fighters at the front; they are usually the first to go into battle, unless a beautiful horse with a knight on its back, renouncing its noble rank, jumps over them without even asking their permission.

Also pay attention to the signs along the edge of the board if you have this type of board. White pawns are located on the row with the number "2", and black - on the "7" row. Again, this will become more important later on when you become familiar with chess notation.

Now it's time to deal with the rooks. There are four rooks - two white and two black - and they stand in four corners, according to the colors. They are like towers. "Towers that can move, huh?" - probably if you are a king having good system taxation and not giving additional mortgages, then everything is possible ...

It would be symbolic if the castle walls were on the outside to protect the nobility. Therefore, the rooks take their places in the corner squares of the board. The reason why the rooks are shaped like castle towers is because the tower is where you are most likely to find siege cannons that can hit an enemy on the long distance. Therefore, the rooks have a considerable range of motion.

Then look at the horses. There are also only four of them (two white and two black), and they are placed near the rooks.

Then place the elephants. Their place is next to the horses. Here a mistake often occurs, common for beginners, when bishops and knights change places. Remember that the bishops should be next to the king and queen, and the knights should be between the bishops and rooks. If you swap these pieces, then the tactics and strategy of opening the game will completely change, so placing them on the right squares is crucial for extracting experience and knowledge from a chess game.

When all the pieces are set, you will see the bishops standing on each side of the queen and king. If we draw a parallel, then in the past, elephants would have been their close servants and would have always been nearby, while horses (especially if you imagine knights on their backs) would have been protectors, but not as close to the king's court as servants, but therefore located on the outer sides of the elephants.

Then you can move on to kings and queens. Now mentally return to the moment when you first laid out the board and put it on the table. Remember how you laid the board in such a way that the corner cell on the right side was light, not dark? Now you'll see why when you take care of the placement of the queens on the field.

There are two free cells left at each end of the board. The two queens must face each other from the left side.

A simple rule to remember here is that the queen is placed on a square of its own color. That is, place the white queen on a light square, and the black queen on a dark one. Group the shapes by color. As a result, you should end up with two queens directly opposite each other across the board. Many games between beginners start when one player's king and queen are in the wrong places, and this can completely change the game strategy!

It remains only to place a pair of kings on two empty cells in the rows. All! You have set up the board and pieces. Everything is ready to play! Practice this a few times and it will come naturally to you. You can arrange a chess set without even thinking about it. And one more little secret: Just by doing this exercise, you will know more about chess than 75% of everyone else!

Watch people playing chess in movies or on TV, most of the time their pieces will be placed wrong and they won't even know it! Yes, a huge number of people do not even imagine how to arrange the set of chess correctly.

In this lesson, I will talk about the fastest, in my opinion, way to remember the arrangement of chess pieces. As the practice of working with children (starting from 5 years old, and sometimes even younger) has shown, using this method of arranging figures , the child needs 10 - 15 minutes to learn how to correctly arrange the chess pieces on the chessboard. And so let's get started!

We call this method the "Sequential method of arranging chess pieces", its meaning lies in the sequential, paired, arrangement of pieces on the board. To begin with, we put it in front of us (the white field should be on the right hand).

The first thing we put on the board is the rooks. White on a1 and h1, black on a8 and h8 (Diagram 1). It should also be noted that if you teach children 5-6 years old, then you can use non-standard concepts, for example: a white rook lives in the outer houses of the board ... etc. The fact is that children like learning in the form of a game and those concepts and words that they already know. Also, when arranging the figures, for a start we put the figures ourselves, then we remove them and give the opportunity to put the child (And so with each figure!).

Next, we put knights on the chessboard, white knights on b1 and g1, black knights on g8 and b8 (Diagram 2). When teaching children, you can also say - "that the horse lives next to the rook" and show where to put the horses.

Behind the knights we place bishops, white on f1 and c1, black bishops on f8 and c8 (Diagram 3). There are two figures left - the queen (you can also call the queen for children, it's much more convenient) and the king (Diagram 4). Before you put them, there is a small rule - the queen (queen) occupies such a field on the board, what color is she herself. And next we put the king.

And lastly, we place pawns (Diagram 5). The pawns are placed in front of the pieces on the second and seventh ranks. That's all!

If you are telling a child, then we recommend that you first, in front of the child, arrange all the figures in white and black, and then sequentially tell and show. Well, at the end of the lesson, give the children themselves to arrange all the figures. That's all, if you have any questions, ask be sure to answer all and share my experience.

Any chess game starts from the same. Players arrange the pieces on the board and draw lots on who will play with what color. Let's see how the arrangement of chess pieces on the board is done.

Battlefield

The playing field in chess is a square divided into 64 small cells, painted white and black. This is where the expression "checkerboard" came from. It is worth noting that calling colors "white and black" is rather a tribute to tradition. made from the most different materials- wood, bone, granite, marble, amber ... Therefore, it would be more correct

name the sides - light and dark.

An amateur game usually takes place on an unmarked field, but professional games are recorded. Therefore, to fix the moves of the players, the markup is used, similar to the game in sea ​​battle. On the one hand there are numbers from 1 to 8, on the other - Latin letters from "A" to "H".

The arrangement of chess pieces on the board begins with cell A1. Rows of "whites" line up from this corner. The black pieces are placed exactly opposite. It needs to be clarified here. In amateur games, it doesn't matter which side of the board to play on. In official matches, they line up exactly as the rules for placing chess pieces indicate.

Let's consider all the figures separately.

Pawn

The simplest and weakest piece on the board, capable of becoming any other piece, but only if it reaches the end of the board. Pawns move only in a straight line. They move one cell forward. An exception is the first move of a pawn standing on its starting line, but it cannot "jump" a piece that blocks its path. Pawns are attacked exclusively diagonally on one square.

Pawn placement is very simple. If we talk about a professional match, then the white pawns line up in the "2" line, and the black ones - in the "7" line. Pawns enclose your main "troops".

Rook

In order for the placement of the chess pieces on the board to be correct, we will start placing the pieces from the very corner of the board. White rooks are placed in cells A1 and A8. Another name is the tour, or in the common people the tower. Thus, they are a kind of support for your troops on the flanks. The rook moves and captures only in a straight line and is not able to jump over other pieces. When used correctly, this figure will become the basis of your defense.

Horse

Perhaps the most versatile figure. In skillful hands, the horse brings disorder into the ranks of the enemy. Due to his unexpected moves, you can force your opponent to do blunder and completely turn the outcome of the match. No wonder there is a popular expression "make a knight's move." At the beginning of the game, the knights are placed on the squares following the rooks. By official rules, these will be cells B2 and G2.

By the way, the horse is the only piece that can jump over others. That is, at the very beginning of the game, when the pawns are still blocking his path, he can go beyond the camp. The horse moves with the letter "G", that is, to determine the place where it can be placed, count three cells in the right direction in a straight line, and then one to the right or left.

Elephant

The zoo continues. In fact, there are many names for this figure. In different countries it is called differently - a jester, a runner, an officer, the only figure that has undergone changes since the creation of chess. Initially, she only moved two squares and, like a knight, was able to jump over pieces. Now the bishop walks diagonally as many squares as desired, but does not jump, but stops or beats the piece it reaches. The correct arrangement of chess pieces assumes that the bishop stands immediately after the knight on cells C1 and F1.

Queen

Or a queen. You can call it in different ways, but this piece is the most valuable on the board, except for the king. The queen moves in all directions and is a kind of mixture of a rook and a bishop. He does not know how to jump over figures, and, as children who know how to play like to trick, teasing their friends, he does not know how to beat the figures that he passed by.

The order in which the chess pieces are placed implies that the white queen is placed on the D1 square. For children, a good way to remember this is the expression "the queen loves her color." Looking at the board, you can see that the white queen is placed on the white square, and the black queen is placed opposite it, on the black one.

King

Finally, we come to the central figure in a chess match. The king is the most clumsy and useless figure in terms of attack. Although sometimes it can act as a "push" factor. It moves, like the queen, in all directions, but only one square. There is another way to move the king, but only if he and the rook have not yet been moved and there are no other pieces between them. Castling is carried out in 1 move in 2 stages. First, the rook on the right / left "reaches" the king, then the king jumps over it and stands next to it. It turns out two options:

1. King G2, rook F2.
2. King C2, rook D2.

The arrangement of chess pieces on the board indicates that the white king is placed on the E1 square.

That's all. We have finished placing the white pieces on the board. Blacks are located on the opposite side of the field in a mirror image.

Internet chess

Perhaps this is all you need to know about chess. Play to your heart's content and remember that it's not easy board game, but a real strategic battle that tests your mind, composure and ability not to panic in difficult situations.