Tangram download schemes. DIY tangram: a fun and rewarding activity. Tangram patterns for children: from simple to complex

Do-it-yourself tangram (game schemes, figures)

Tangram - an old oriental puzzle of figures obtained by cutting a square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. As a result of folding these parts with each other, flat figures are obtained, the contours of which resemble all kinds of objects, ranging from humans, animals and ending with tools and household items. These types of puzzles are often referred to as "geometric construction sets", "cardboard puzzles" or "cut puzzles".

With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, highlight geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break an entire object into parts, and vice versa - to compose a given model from elements, and most importantly - to think logically.

How to make a tangram

A tangram can be made from cardboard or paper by printing out a template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print the tangram square diagram by clicking on the picture and selecting "print" or "save picture as...".

It is possible without a template. We draw a diagonal in a square - we get 2 triangles. Cut one of them in half into 2 small triangles. We mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. We cut off the middle triangle and the rest of the figures at these marks.

A more practical and durable tangram can be cut from a rigid office folder or a plastic DVD box. You can complicate your task a little by cutting out tangrams from pieces of different felt, overcasting them around the edges, or even from plywood or wood.

How to play tangram

Each figure of the game must be made up of seven parts of the tangram, and at the same time they must not overlap.

The easiest option for children is to assemble figures according to diagrams (answers) drawn into elements, like a mosaic. A little practice, and the child will learn to make figures according to the contour pattern and even invent their own figures according to the same principle.

Schemes and figures of the game tangram

AT recent times tangram is often used by designers. The most successful use of tangram, perhaps, as furniture. There are tangram tables, and transformable upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture, built on the principle of tangram, is quite comfortable and functional. It can be modified depending on the mood and desire of the owner. How many different options and combinations can be made from triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When buying such furniture, along with instructions, the buyer is given several sheets with pictures on various topics that can be folded from these shelves. In the living room you can hang shelves in the form of people, in the nursery you can put cats, hares and birds out of the same shelves, and in the dining room or library - the drawing can be on a construction theme - houses, castles, temples.

Here is such a multifunctional tangram.

The educational puzzle game "Tangram" is an interesting activity for both children and adults. For the first time, children can be introduced to it at 3-4 years old. The game has no upper age limit. Perhaps you yourself will be happy to break your head over the ingenious Tangram figures. This is a game that develops children's combinatorial abilities, imagination, attention and the ability to act according to instructions. In addition, for kids, "Tangram" will also become a finger trainer.

The task of the player in the developing game "Tangram" is to put the figures from the parts of the puzzle so that, firstly, all parts of the puzzle are used, and, secondly, the parts do not overlap each other. The figurines can be turned over as you like, put either side up. Here, in fact, are all the rules.
For kids different ages and developing tasks in the game "Tangram" should be different.

Tasks of the developing game "Tangram" for children 3-6 years old

For kids 3-4 years old, a rather difficult task will be to impose tangram figures on a finished sample (answer) of the puzzle. At the same time, children need to match the size and shape of the figures, find the correct position, and it’s not as easy as it seems to accurately place the figure on the basis of a hint. Naturally, the figures on the card must exactly match the size of the figures of the toy.
The same tasks should be used with older children, starting to introduce them to this educational game. It is enough to give two or three such tasks, and if the child can easily cope with them, you can move on to more difficult tasks.

Tasks of the developing game "Tangram" for children 5-8 years old

For children of this age, it will be possible to fold models from tangram figures already next to the answer card. In this case, the card may not match real size tangram details. As soon as the child can easily cope with such tasks, you can proceed to the next stage.

Tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children from seven years and older.

Actually, this is where Tangram becomes a puzzle game. The child is offered to assemble the model, presenting only a card with the silhouette of the figure. At the age of seven, children will be able to cope with such a task only if they have already played easier options before.

Creative tasks for the developing game "Tangram"

When the children have already learned how to fold the figures of the puzzle game, you can invite them to try to come up with their own tasks. If you are playing with adult children aged 10-12, then you should be asked to draw such figures in two versions - in silhouette and with hint lines. You can set any topic. For example, the animals of Africa. And arrange a competition for the most interesting figure. If the children are still small and cannot draw the invented figures themselves, then draw them yourself or take a picture so that the idea does not disappear.

Making an educational game "Tangram"

Making "Tangram" with your own hands is very easy. Take two sheets of colored cardboard and glue them firmly together. Then put under a press, dry and cut out a square. Traditionally, the size of the square for the game "Tangram" was 8x8 cm. But you can make it in any size. Cut out the square according to the pattern.
Scheme of cutting a square for an educational game-puzzle "Tangram"
In China and Europe in the 17th-19th centuries, this game was made of ivory or wood. It is unlikely that you have ivory lying around at your fingertips, but it is very possible. Kids will especially like this toy.

The history of the puzzle game "Tangram"

The history of the Tangram puzzle game is shrouded in mystery. The most common legend, which says that it was invented in China, 4000 years ago by a certain deity named Tang, is a myth invented and launched "into the people" by the American chess player Samuel Loyd. Loyd was generally the inventor of a wide variety of puzzles. You are probably familiar with one of them. This is a puzzle game "Fifteen".
Only one thing can be said for sure about the true history of the creation of the Tangram puzzle game - it was invented in China, most likely in the 18th century. At least the first book about this game was printed in China in 1803. By the way, the Chinese do not have a game called "Tangram", it is called Chi-Chao-Chu, which translates as "an ingenious pattern of seven parts." The puzzle game was brought to America by Chinese sailors. And from America, she already got to Europe, where she got her name "Tangram" ("tan" is a Chinese, "gram" is a letter).

Figures for the game tangram

Animal figures for the game tangram:

Ostrich tangram

tangram bird

Rooster tangram

Fox tangram

tangram chicken

goose tangram

tangram dog

tangram fish

tangram swan

tangram cat

tangram hare

Which was created over 4000 years ago. The simple making of the tangram makes this puzzle even more popular. The puzzle consists of 7 parts: 3 triangles (2 large, 1 medium), a square and a parallelogram, which together form one large square. If you add up all 7 fragments of a tangram, you can get a wide variety of figures, the outlines of which resemble various items life, construction, animals and even people.

Diversity

Rate the collected flat figures of the tangram puzzle, the photos of which are given below. In everyday life, you can find various names for this board game, such as: "constructor from geometric shapes”, “cardboard puzzle”, “cut puzzle”.

Popularity and variability

The idea of ​​constructing from tangram elements can be found in numerous shows by famous designers, in bold landscape design solutions. The most popular is the use in the design and construction of furniture. For example, transforming tangram tables, upholstered and cabinet furniture, etc. The popularity of furniture built according to this principle is explained by its practicality and convenience. After all, it can be modified at the slightest desire of the owner. The happy owner of tangram furniture with his own hands will be able to radically change the interior of the room at any time.

There are a huge number of variations that can be assembled from triangular and quadrangular shelves. When purchasing such furniture, the buyer receives an auxiliary instruction with various pictures and figures that can be obtained using these shelves.

Jigsaw Benefits

But above all, the tangram is a fascinating tool for human thinking, especially a child. A handmade tangram is one of the best pastimes for parents to have with their children. The puzzle will help the child acquire the skills of analyzing images, selecting geometric shapes, breaking an object into parts and composing a whole from parts.

Instruction

The process of creating a tangram is simple. The cost of this puzzle is low. Do-it-yourself tangrams are often made from white or colored cardboard. For example, you can use cardboard from an office folder, boxes from under any household appliances, colored cardboard for schoolchildren. A more practical and durable version can be made from plastic. On any of the proposed surfaces, it is necessary to apply a template and cut it out. We note the insignificant time spent on creating a do-it-yourself tangram puzzle, the diagram of which is given below and can be used as a template.

Having cut out the elements according to the template, you get a ready-made tangram with which you can start playing. Together with your child, you can choose from a variety of patterns an interesting contour for you and fold the figure, which should consist of all seven parts of the tangram that do not overlap each other. By the same principle, you can invent your own figures. For the smallest, they draw patterns on paper and collect the elements like a mosaic.

Creating a tangram puzzle with your own hands will allow you to have fun and useful free time!

Hello, dear colleagues and caring parents! Today I will share with you my interactive game "Tangram". You can find a lot of information on this topic on the Internet. But interactive tangram only I have.

Tangram is a geometric constructor, a very interesting, useful educational and educational game. Tangram helps children get acquainted with different geometric shapes, teaches elementary design skills, develops observation, quick wits, and cultivates perseverance.

On the last slide of the presentation, tangram lovers are waiting for a chic gift(!)- a link to download the archive, in which there are 4 large clipart with sample pictures for folding the tangram. Clipart samples at the end of the article.

The classic tangram is also called the "cardboard puzzle". It's easy to do it yourself. To do this, you need to cut the square into two large triangles, two small triangles, a parallelogram and a square (the template is included in the presentation on the penultimate slide). It is better to make tangrams from cardboard and preferably colored on both sides.

I have been using this game for a long time. When I worked at school, I used a geometric constructor in the lessons of mathematics and labor training. I cut out sets of geometric shapes for each student. And now my little sons really liked this game (one is 4 years old, the other is 6 years old). My boys enjoy playing with it. And I came up with the idea to make the Tangram game interactive, that is, a flash game.

My idea was embodied using a presentation template with a DragAndDrop macro. First I found a template with a macro on the Internet, and then I went through a wonderful remote master class on creating presentations with the DragAndDrop macro.

My interactive game "Tangram" was created in the most common Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 program, but the presence of the DragAndDrop macro in it makes it possible to drag objects to any place on the slide. So I got a flash game.

AT interactive game"Tangram" I invite the child to collect six different pictures using geometric shapes: a house, a sailboat, a goose, a cat, a dog, a rabbit. On the third slide we see the menu.

Click here to select the image you want to collect. For example a house. We get to the slide with the picture "house". Here in the upper left corner is a sample with which the child will collect his picture. On the right is a set of geometric shapes. At the bottom there is a menu button that will take you back to the menu when clicked.

Here is what should work:

This game has two rules. First, you must use all seven figures. Secondly, the figures should not overlap with each other.

And now ATTENTION! After you download and open the presentation, be sure to enable the macro. Otherwise, you won't be able to drag pictures across the slide. To do this, in the PowerPoint program, click on the Office button (in the upper left corner), then select PowerPoint Options - Trust Center - Trust Center Settings - Macro Options - Disable all macros with notification.

Download presentation: https://yadi.sk/i/k7djr4usbtZDi

Your gift (!) on the last slide of the presentation - a link to download (in the archive there are clip art-sample pictures for folding a tangram: "Cats", "Houses", "People", "Animals" on a transparent background in large size):

tangram folding clipart samples:

It's ancient Chinese game. If you divide the square into seven geometric shapes, as shown in the figure, then you can make up a huge number (several hundred) of a wide variety of silhouettes from them: a person, household items, toys, various kinds transport, numbers, letters.

The game is very easy to make. A square (its size can practically be any: 5 × 5, 7 × 7, 10 × 10, 12 × 12 cm, etc.) made of cardboard or plastic, equally painted on both sides, is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square equal in size to two small triangles, and a parallelogram equal in area to a square.

Rules of the game:

1. In each assembled figure must include all seven elements.
2. When drawing up figures, the elements should not overlap each other.
3. The elements of the figures must adjoin one another.

When drawing up silhouettes, an adult constantly reminds children that it is necessary to use all parts of the set, tightly attaching them to each other.

An adult can use some techniques that will help the preschooler achieve the best results: offer an analysis of the sample as a whole or its most complex part, indicate the location of one or two figures in the silhouette being made, start laying out, and then invite the child to finish the silhouette or, conversely, complete that that was started by a child. It is necessary to constantly confirm the correctness of the child’s thoughts and actions, encourage him to plan the course of his work, discuss ways of laying out and results, encourage the desire to complete the work that has been started, overcoming difficulties in achieving the goal, fulfilling the plan.
Assistance to the child should be tactful, encouraging independence, activity, perseverance, initiative, leading to the achievement of results. Direct instructions on what to do and how to do it should be avoided. Such advice to children is appropriate: “Look (look) at the picture carefully. What figures is it made up of?”, “Try again, but in a different way”, “Remember how you laid it out last time, and start the same way”, “Think well first, and then do it.”

The game "Tangram" arouses great interest in children, contributes to the development of analytical-synthetic and planning activities, opens up new opportunities for improving sensory, developing creative, productive thinking, as well as moral and volitional qualities of a person.

The history of this game is interesting. Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the long-awaited son and heir was born to the elderly emperor of China. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and quick-witted beyond his years. It gave the boy great pleasure to play with toys all day long. And then the emperor called to himself three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, the other became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher. And he ordered them to come up with a game, having fun with which, his son would comprehend the beginnings of mathematics, learn to look at the world around him with the gaze of an artist, become patient, like a true philosopher, and also understand that often complex things consist of simple things. Three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Chu" - a square cut into seven parts.

Stages of mastering the game "Tangram"

First stage - familiarization with a set of figures for the game, converting them in order to compile a new one from 2-3 available ones.

I.
Target. Exercise children in comparing triangles in size, composing new geometric shapes from them: squares, quadrangles, triangles.
Material: children have sets of figures for the game "Tangram", the teacher has a flannelograph and a set of figures for him.
Progress. The teacher invites the children to consider a set of figures, name them, count and determine the total number. Gives tasks:
1. Select all triangles, count. Compare in size, superimposing one on top of the other.
Questions for analysis: “How many large triangles of the same size? How many little ones? Compare this triangle (medium size) with the big one and the small one. (It is larger than the smallest and smaller than the largest available.) How many triangles are there and how big are they? (Two large, 2 small and 1 medium.)
2. Take 2 large triangles and make them sequentially: square, triangle, quadrilateral. One of the children makes figures on the flannelgraph. The teacher asks to name the newly received figure and say what figures it is made of.
3. From 2 small triangles, make the same figures, placing them differently in space.
4. Make a quadrilateral from large and medium-sized triangles.
Questions for analysis: “What figure will we make? How? (Let's attach a medium triangle to a large one or vice versa.) Show the sides and corners of the quadrangle, each individual figure.
As a result, the teacher generalizes: “Triangles can be used to make new various shapes - squares, quadrangles, triangles. The figures join one another on the sides. (Shows on flannelgraph)

II.
Target. Exercise children in the ability to compose new geometric shapes from existing ones according to the model and design.
Material: for children - sets of figures for the game "Tangram". The teacher has a flannelograph and tables with geometric figures depicted on them.
Progress. Children, having examined the figures, divide them on the instructions of the teacher into 2 groups: triangles and quadrangles.
The teacher explains that this is a set of figures for the game, it is called a puzzle or tangram; so she was named after the scientist; who invented the game. You can compose many interesting images.
1. Make a quadrilateral from large and medium triangles.
2. Make a new figure from a square and 2 small triangles. (First a square, then a quadrilateral.).
3. Compose a new figure from 2 large and medium triangles. (Pentagon and quadrilateral.)
4. The teacher shows the tables and asks the children to make the same figures (see fig.). Children sequentially make figures, tell how they did it, name them.
The teacher composes them on a flannelograph.

The task is given to draw up several figures according to the children's own plan.
So, at the first stage of mastering the game "Tangram", a series of exercises are carried out aimed at developing children's spatial representations, elements of geometric imagination, at developing practical skills in composing new figures by attaching one of them to another, the ratio of the sides of the figures by size. Tasks are changing. Children make up new figures according to the model, oral task, plan. They are offered to complete the task in terms of representation, and then practically: “What figure can be made up of 2 triangles and 1 square? Say first, then compose.

Second phase - drawing up silhouette figures according to dissected samples. The second stage of work with children is the most important for them to master more complex ways of drawing figures in the future. Games should be effectively used by the educator not only for the purpose of exercising in the arrangement of the parts of the figure being composed, but also in introducing children to the visual and mental analysis of the sample.

Drawing a silhouette figure of a hare
Target. To teach children to analyze the way the parts are arranged, to compose, a silhouette figure, focusing on a sample.
Material: for children - a set of figures for the game "Tangram", a sample.

Progress. The teacher shows the children a sample of the hare's silhouette figure (see the figure) and says: “Look carefully at the hare and tell how it is composed. What geometric shapes are made up of the torso, head, legs of a hare? It is necessary to name the figure and its size, since the triangles that make up the hare (shows) are of different sizes; invites several children to answer.

R. The head of the hare is made up of a square, the ear is made of a quadrilateral, the body is made of two triangles, and the paws are also made of triangles.

AT. Was Kolya correct? If you spot errors, correct them.
The teacher asks another child to tell.

R. The body must be made up of 2 large triangles, the paw (this one) - from the middle triangle and the small one, and the other - from the small triangle.

AT. Now look at what geometric figure 2 large triangles form. Show the sides and angles of this figure.

R. This is a quadrilateral (shows its outline, counts angles, sides).

AT. And what shape does the middle and small triangle form together?

R. This is a quadrilateral, here (shows) not like a rectangle.

AT. So we looked at how the hare is made up, from what figures the body, head, and paws are made up. Now take your kits and compose. Who will complete the task, check whether it is correct.
After the figure is made up, the teacher asks two children to tell how they made the figure, i.e., name the location constituent parts in order.

R. I made it this way: the head and ear - from a square and a quadrangle, the body - from 2 large triangles, paws - from a medium and small one, and 1 paw - from a small triangle.

R. My ear is made up of a quadrangle, my head is made of a square, my paw is made of a triangle, my torso is made of large triangles, my paws - these are - from 2 triangles.
Sample analysis in this case was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. In the future, children should be invited to independently analyze the figure and draw it up.

Third stage mastering the game - recreating figures according to contour patterns (undivided)

Recreation of the figure-silhouette of a running goose
Target. To teach children to presumably tell the way the parts are arranged in the figure being composed, to plan the course of compilation.
Material: sets, figures for the game "Tangram", flannelgraph, sample, board and chalk.

Progress. The teacher draws the attention of the children to the sample: “Look carefully at this sample. The figure of a running goose can be made up of 7 parts of the game. We must first tell you how this can be done. What geometric shapes can be used to make the body, head, neck, legs of a goose?

R. I think that the body is made up of 2 large triangles, the head is made of a small triangle, the neck is made of a square, the paws are triangles.

R. I think that the head is made up from the middle triangle, and then everything is the same as Lena said.

R. The head is from a middle triangle, the neck is from a square, and the torso is from 2 large triangles, like this they lie (shows), and a quadrangle, and the legs are from small triangles.

AT. Take the figures and compose. And we will find out which of the guys is right.

After most of the children make up the silhouette of a goose, the teacher calls one child who draws the location of the parts with chalk on the board. All children check the figures they have compiled with the image on the board.

In the future, it is possible to analyze the sample of the figure being compiled not at the beginning of the lesson, but during it, when the children test various ways of compiling on the basis of a presumptive independent analysis.

Fourth stage - exercises in drawing up images according to one's own plan. Having thought of compiling any image, mentally, in terms of representation, they divide it into its component parts, correlating them with the shape of tangrams, then compose it.