Educational games for children 4 years old figures. How to teach a child to recognize geometric shapes in a playful way? When to start learning geometry

Right up to school, the leading activity of the child is the game. In the game, children learn letters and numbers, study the world around them, get acquainted with the basic concepts and laws of physics, astronomy, biology.

• What should young mathematicians 3–4 years old know and be able to do?
• What games to offer little ones to study the "queen of all sciences"?
• How to make home development classes as effective as possible?

Let's figure it out together!

Necessary knowledge base

Before drawing up a math lesson plan for children 3-4 years old, you need to figure out what kids of this age should know and be able to do:

• concentrate on the task for at least 5 minutes;
• fold a pyramid
• collect puzzles from 4 or more fragments;
• be able to find differences between objects according to 3-4 features (color, size, temperature, shape, etc.);
• find the same/similar objects in the presented set;
• find unnecessary objects in the presented set;
• operate with mathematical concepts "one", "many", "more", "less", "equal";
• count up to 5 in direct order;
• know the numbers from 0 to 5;
• show the hidden number on the fingers;
• demonstrate spatial orientation skills (understand where the top and bottom are, where the right / left hand is; understand the meaning of the prepositions “in”, “on”, “for”, etc.);
• know the basic geometric shapes: circle, triangle, rectangle;
• understand and use generalizing words: furniture, dishes, clothes, toys, vegetables, etc.

Effective developmental math classes for younger children preschool age are built according to a plan that takes into account the amount of knowledge needed by children 3-4 years old.

Games for the development of logic in 3-4 years

"Chef"

Remove a few pots with lids from the kitchen cabinet. Try to choose dishes that differ in color, size, material.

Remove the lids and lay them out in random order.

• Come on, baby, pick the right lid for each saucepan!

When the child copes with the task on his own or with your help, discuss with him what dictated his choice:

• for a large pot - a large lid;
• for red - red

"Friends Comrades"

Prepare a few items that can be grouped according to their purpose. Such game task helps to develop logic, mindfulness, to find a connection between different objects.

For the game you can take:

• gloves and socks;
• felt-tip pens and an album;
• toothbrush and toothpaste;
• comb and hairpin;
• items of toy or real dishes.

You can use one item from a pair, and replace the second with a picture. If the kid does a good job, try replacing all the items with pictures.

"Find differences"

Difference games perfectly develop attentiveness, and if you immediately indicate how many differences you need to find, then they also train mental counting.

Choose pictures for the baby to find the differences. Sign on them how many differences you need to find. Each difference found, the child must circle with a pencil and put a dash on the piece of paper. When the task is completed, the dashes are counted to see if all the differences are found.

Games with geometric shapes for children 3-4 years old

For the games that we have prepared, you will need two sets of geometric figures made of thick cardboard. Each set should include circles, ovals, triangles and squares of different colors and sizes.

"Repeat the picture"

Designing from flat geometric shapes is an excellent simulator for the development of logic, memory, mindfulness, figurative and spatial thinking. For children of primary preschool age, the task should be simple and understandable.

Lay out pictures of geometric shapes in front of the child, commenting on your actions. The kid should repeat the picture according to your model.

"Count"

Geometric figures cut out of cardboard are an excellent counting material with which it is convenient to practice comparison skills, as well.

Lay out the figures in two rows:

Ask your child to complete your tasks and answer questions.

1. Count how many circles are in the picture.
2. Count how many triangles are in the picture.
3. Count how many green figures are in the picture.
4. Count how many red figures are in the picture.
5. Which figures are more: red or green?
6. Which shapes are more: triangles or circles?

"Geometric Sorter"

Use your set of geometric shapes to practice children's skill in sorting objects according to a given attribute.

The kid must follow your verbal commands:

1. Place three green figures in a row.
2. Lay 2 circles side by side.
3. Arrange the triangles in order from smallest to largest (pre-select three triangles of different sizes from the kit).

If it is difficult for a child to comply with your verbal requests, let him act according to a visual pattern for now. The main thing is to comment on what sequences and according to what principles you lay out from the figures.

Mathematical physical education

Friends, do not forget that kids 3-4 years old need to move a lot. Let's combine fun outdoor games with math learning!

"Jumping gallop"

Turn on funny children's songs and invite the child to warm up a little. During free dances, voice commands in the format:

• two swoops;
• three floods;
• one squat;
• five slopes.

Probably, at first you will have to perform the movements together with the child, but very soon the baby will cope with such a fun math task on his own.

"Merry round dance"

The more players there are, the more fun the game will be. it a good option entertainment for children's day birth. But in the absence of a company, you may well lead a mathematical round dance together with a little one.

Before starting the game, repeat with the child where his right hand is, and where is his left. Explain where the center of the circle is. Agree that with the “up” command, you need to stop and, standing on your toes, stretch the handles up, and with the “down” command, squat down.

And now you can start.

We walk in a circle to the music, following the commands of the leader:

• go to the left;
• go up;
• went to the center;
• let's go down.

This game teaches orientation in space, develops auditory attentiveness, trains the skill of teamwork.

"One, two - there is a rocket"

One, two - there is a rocket. (Straight arms raise up)
Three, four - the plane. (Straight arms spread apart)
One, two - clap your hands. (clapping hands)
And then for each account. (Walking in place)
One two three four. (clapping hands)
Hands up, shoulders wider. (Straight arms raise up, lower through the sides down)
One, two, three, four (clap hands)
And they were on the spot. (Walking in place)

1. Knowledge and skills are formed and accumulated gradually. Do not expect that after the first lesson the baby will remember and learn everything that you wanted to convey to him. Consistency, gradualness, consolidation and repetition are the invariable stages of successful teaching of mathematics at preschool age.
2. Do not forget for the successful completion of tasks. And keep in mind that diligence is also an occasion for reasonable praise.
3. During games in which you need to count objects, allow and even recommend that the child count by pointing his finger at the object of the account. Gradually, unobtrusively, but confidently introduce the concepts of ordinal and quantitative accounts.
4. Mathematics is not only counting. Moreover, do not rush to teach your baby to count. Work on the development of logic, learn to generalize and systematize, and the score, organically woven into the outline of the lesson, will be mastered on its own, by the way.
5. You can learn in the game not only at home. Count the stairs as you leave the house, notice round and square objects as you walk, look at the page numbers in the books you read before bed.

Friends! We wish you happy and effective parenting. See you soon!

There are a lot of techniques for children representing geometric shapes. modern market. Below are the main ones, as well as games that develop the child.

Nowadays, the early development of the baby is of great importance. The crumbs begin to be taught almost from the hospital. There are many games, books, video and audio materials that help children quickly master such simple - at first glance - topics as letters, numbers, shapes, colors. Especially popular are cards showing geometric shapes for kids. This guide is clear and concise. It allows the child to quickly and easily master the necessary knowledge.

When to start learning geometric shapes?

In general, it is possible to acquaint a child with forms from the first months. There is nothing wrong if, in a playful way, without annoying the baby, you show him pictures or toys, clearly pronouncing the name of the figure (circle, square, etc.).

Thus, by the age of two, the child should know three forms well:

1. triangle;
2. a circle;
3. square.

By the age of three, this list should include:

• oval;
• rhombus;
• rectangle.

By the way, much attention is paid to the study of geometric shapes in the method of Maria Montessori. In her materials there are several games that help the child quickly learn to identify the shapes of objects. We will talk about them further.

Why study geometric shapes for a baby?

Much has already been said about the benefits of early development. Exactly active learning a baby in the period from birth to three years forms his creativity and fluency of thinking, diligence and love for knowledge, the ability to quickly assimilate information.

The study of forms is necessary for several other reasons.

• The whole world around consists of figures (a circle is a car wheel, a plate, the sun; a square is a window, a chair seat, etc.).
• Preparing for school - the sooner the child masters simple knowledge, the easier it will be for him to study at school.
• The study of forms will allow the baby to play those games that are inaccessible to children who do not know what a circle, square, etc. are.
• Studying geometric shapes, the child expands his horizons, trains the brain, increases vocabulary.

5 rules for learning geometric shapes

It is worth remembering that all the information that seems elementary to us is new and often incomprehensible to children. With geometric shapes, this rule almost always works. Therefore, if a child confuses a circle with a square and does not want to correct himself, be patient and do not scold the baby for mistakes.

For faster and easier assimilation of knowledge by the crumbs, follow simple tips.

1. Point your child to geometric shapes in everyday life. Showing the book to the child, say that it is rectangular, showing the saucer, give it the definition of “circle”.
2. Try to get feedback. Find out from the baby which category the house, table, pillow belongs to. Watch the instructional video and ask your child to describe what they saw.
3. Use toys of regular geometric shapes. Buy crumbs round and triangular molds, cubes, a ball.
4. Play games that require knowledge of the names of the pieces (see below).
5. Watch videos and cartoons about shapes (like "Baby Einstein").

Games "Geometric shapes" for children

sorter

This is one of the first educational toys for the baby, which allows you to learn about the properties of different figures. The essence of the sorter is that for a certain hole you need to pick up a toy of the appropriate shape (ball, cube, and others). The child very quickly begins to understand what's what.

Such a toy not only teaches the little one to quickly distinguish figures of different geometric shapes, but also trains fine motor skills of the fingers, and also develops logical thinking.

Montessori games

Maria Montessori, as mentioned above, attached great importance to geometric shapes in the developmental games of the baby. In her methodology, there are several ways to introduce a child to geometry in a playful way. For example:

• Place the figures in an opaque bag or bag. Let the baby take one toy in turn and, without taking it out, determine what shape it is.
• For an older child, you can come up with the following task: say a word-definition, for example, “ride”. The kid must name the forms that have this property.
• You can invite the baby to name all the shapes with or without corners, with or without edges.
• Creative version of the game with figures. Ask the child to dream up and say what a circle, square, triangle looks like.

In the Montessori method, there is a special device called "Frames and inserts." This is a kind of analogue of the sorter, which we talked about above.

Drawings and stencils

If your child likes to draw, then use this to teach him to distinguish between shapes. Draw a house together. Speak all the details: The windows are square, the roof is a triangle, etc.

You can also offer the child stencils. You can cut them yourself from thick paper or buy ready-made ones.

Outlining this or that figure, the kid will learn to draw them (“fill his hand”), and your comments (this is a circle, this is a triangle) will help the child remember their names faster.

Doman cards

The Doman method is very popular among parents interested in the early development of their child. It involves the use of visual cards for better assimilation of the knowledge gained by the baby. Doman has a separate set of cards dedicated to geometric shapes. It can be bought or downloaded on the Internet (there you can also find a video about this technique).

Literature and didactic material

Below are the most popular and effective methods and materials for introducing children to geometric shapes.

• "School of the Seven Dwarfs"

In the cycle of books for the early development of children "School of the Seven Dwarfs" there are two devoted to forms: "Square and Circle" (for children from birth to one year old), "Form. Color "(for children from 1 year to 2 years). The books show the main figures in a large and visual way.

• Geometric figures. soft mosaic

A very convenient and bright way to introduce the child to the forms. The mosaic is made of safe soft material. It will be interesting for the kid to consider its details and collect pictures from them.

• coloring pages

There are many such books on the market today. You can select "Smart coloring. Smeshariki" with children's favorite characters from the cartoon of the same name.

• stickers

Reusable stickers will also be very useful during the period of teaching the child "geometry for the little ones." These stickers can be applied anywhere! In the bathroom, in the nursery, in the kitchen. Offer the baby a game: in the environment you need to find objects of one kind or another.

Cartoons about geometric shapes

Conclusion

Teaching and introducing a child to geometric shapes is not only important, but also very interesting! Show your imagination, come up with your own games and tasks for the child, show interesting videos, and he will answer you with love and gratitude.

Matyukhina Ludmila
Abstract of the lesson in junior group for children 3-4 years old "Journey to the country of geometric shapes"

NOD type: occupation to consolidate knowledge, skills and abilities.

GCD theme: « Journey to the land of geometric shapes» .

Age group of children: 34 years.

Program tasks:

Improve the ability to distinguish, recognize and name geometric figures, exercise children in comparison of the shape of objects with geometric figure.

To consolidate the ability to distinguish contrasting objects in size, using words "big", "small".

To consolidate the ability to compare two objects that are contrasting in width, using the overlay technique, denoting the results of the comparison with the words wide, narrow.

To consolidate knowledge of primary colors; form at children idea of ​​different shades of color by lightness, using words in speech "light coloured", "dark", "lighter", "darker".

keep shaping spatial relationships"on the", "under", "near" activating these words in speech children.

Develop the ability to analyze, compare, identify and continue a given pattern (change in shape and color)

Develop attention, memory, speech.

To cultivate friendly relations between children, the habit of playing together, studying; a wish children help the characters in a difficult situation.

vocabulary work: "wide - narrow", "big - small", "one - many", prepositions:

Equipment: a toy "Kolobok", fabulous geometric figures, easel, toys arranged along group round shape .

Demo Material: geometric shapes of various shapes, color, size.

Handout: "rosettes" in count children, regularity in the form "scarves" With geometric shapes, triangles: big and small, tracks: wide and narrow, brushes: thin and thick, jars for drawing, napkins, red gouache.

Lesson progress:

I. Organizational moment.

Children, guests have come to us today, let's say hello to them. What joyful faces our guests have, they really liked your greeting.

Let's go and see who else came to visit us? (Kolobok). - Hello, Kolobok! From whom did you leave ... - Children, from whom did the bun leave? (from grandmother, from grandfather, from a wolf, from a hare, from a bear) and Kolobok rolled up to us. And to what a geometric figure looks like a gingerbread man? (per circle).

1. Game "Find out figure» .

The gingerbread man brought us many different geometric shapes but does not know what they are called. Who can help him? Sit down on the rug, and you sit down and memorize the gingerbread man.

(start with the same figures) - Children, what is this figure? - What form? - What colour? (6 geometric shapes of various shapes, color, size).

- That more: circle or square? And which one is smaller? How can we check? Overlay figures each other and check.

I remember everything, kolobok figures? - Yes, I remember, thank you very much, children! Would you like to travel with me? Then stand next to each other.

One, two, three, four, five,

Let's go for a walk with a bun

Through the snowdrifts, through the snows,

Through the snowy forests

Make way for us

We walk together in step

We are not cold scary,

Because we are friendly.

2. D/I "Find an item"

Who is meeting us? (a circle). That's right, this is our friend circle, he has already come to visit us. Hello, circle, what are you telling us? - children, the circle invites us to look with our eyes in a group of round objects, and finding them bring a kolobok and name what you brought.

That's how many round objects are around us.

Krug, come with us.

3. Game "Christmas trees and paths".

Oh who is it? (triangle). - The triangle has prepared some kind of game for us. - What is on your table? (triangles and stripes - tracks). What are our stripes? (wide and narrow). But how can we check where the string is, and where is the narrow one? (put on top of each other). How many triangles do you have? (a lot, but me? (one). What can be laid out from triangles? From large triangles lay out large Christmas trees, from small triangles - small Christmas trees.

Katya, what kind of Christmas tree did you get? And you, Sasha? Etc.

And now let's pick up the Christmas trees tracks: to a large Christmas tree - a wide path, to a small one - a narrow one. - Plato, what path did you choose for your Christmas tree? Are you Fedor? Etc.

What good fellows you children are, how great you are doing.

Thank you triangle, it was interesting for us to play with you, but we are in a hurry, if you want, come with us.

One, two, three, four, five,

Let's go for a walk with a bun

Through the snowdrifts, through the snows,

Through the snowy forests

Make way for us

We walk together in step

We are not cold scary,

Because we are friendly.

4. Game "Continue Pattern".

Who is crying here? (Square). Square, what happened? I wanted to give scarves to my friends, but I mixed up the whole pattern, what should I do now and-and-and-and. Children, who will help the square?

See what is shown here? Continue the pattern.

Thank you, you helped me a lot, now I can please my friends with gifts.

5. Game "Hide Kolobok".

Children, do you like to play hide and seek? So the gingerbread man loves and now he will play with us. He will hide, and you will will look for. Close your eyes. Where did the bun hide? (under the table, on the table, on the floor, etc.)

Sasha, where did the bun hide? And etc. children.

Oh, children, look what the gingerbread man found under the table? (tassel). But our brush is not simple, but magical, we will now turn into wizards with you and we will create magic.

6. "Water Coloring".

Today we will be magicians, we will color the water, you will get red water of different shades. What's in your cups? (water). And I also have a glass of water. It is colorless, and we will make it colored.

Wet the tip of the brush in a glass, dip a little in the paint and paint our water with a brush. We wipe the brush on a napkin, now we dip it completely into the paint and color the water in another cup. What a miracle we have! In one glass we got light red water, and in the other dark red.

Put our magic brush in a glass of light red water. And now with dark red.

Fedya, where did you get dark red water? ….

We got beautiful, multi-colored water of different shades - light and dark. Did you like helping the kolobok? And I liked helping the kolobok with you.

7. Bottom line lessons.

Children, thank you very much, I enjoyed playing with you so much. Can I stay with you group? Kolobok prepared a surprise for us - soap bubbles ... And I suggest you go to Cheburashka group, where together with Kolobok we will blow soap bubbles.

Related publications:

Summary of the lesson "Journey to the country of geometric shapes" in the second junior group Theme: Journey to the country of geometric shapes. Tasks: Educational: Expand children's knowledge of geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle).

Synopsis of directly educational cognitive activity "Journey to the country of geometric shapes" Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about geometric shapes and their properties. Objectives: - educational: To exercise children in the definition of geometric.

Summary of mathematics in the middle group "Journey to the country of geometric shapes" Abstract directly educational activities for an introduction to mathematics middle group. Topic: “Journey to the country of geometric.

Abstract of a lesson in mathematics in the middle group "Journey to the country of geometric shapes" Abstract of a lesson in mathematics in the middle group "Journey to the country of geometric shapes" Educator: Sarina O. G. MADOU d \ s "Ryabinushka".

A child begins to get acquainted with geometric figures from the age of 1 year - 1.5 years. First, he masters the simplest shapes - a circle, a square, a triangle. Then you can introduce the child to more complicated shapes: an oval, a semicircle, a rectangle, a rhombus, a trapezoid, and so on. But acquaintance with geometric figures should not end only with the fact that the child learned their names and could, at the request of an adult, name the figure shown to him. Games with geometric shapes will help the child learn to see geometric shapes and forms in the objects around him, to understand how the figures are obtained from one another.

But let's first figure out why you need to introduce a child to geometric shapes.

What is it for?

Many educational games are based on the distinction of geometric shapes: Segen boards, sorter, Montessori frame inserts, Gyenes blocks, "mosaic, constructor, and so on. The sooner the baby gets acquainted with geometric shapes and forms, the wider will be the arsenal that you can play with him.

The ability to see geometric shapes in the objects around us, for example, that the ball is round and the book is rectangular, develops the child's spatial and associative thinking, logic. The ability to see the image of an object in a row of simple geometric figures, for example, that two circles of different sizes look like a chicken, and a number of triangles look like a wave, develops the imagination.

Moreover, a child who felt geometric shapes and forms in childhood while playing with all the senses will be much easier to learn geometry at school.

How a child learns geometric shapes

Let's see how a child masters geometric shapes. This will allow you to choose games for the baby depending on his age and skills.

Introducing the child to geometric shapes can begin when the child begins to walk, that is, at the age of about a year. Better start from a circle, and when the baby remembers it well, move on to another figure. It’s good if a big figure comes to visit the baby - you can circle it with your finger, slap it with your palm, stick eyes and a mouth of the same shape on it, or somehow beat it.

You can start your child's acquaintance with various forms of objects from three-dimensional figures. Firstly, it is more convenient for the baby to take them in his hands. Secondly, he can do many other actions with them: throw, push, put in a box, put on top of each other, and so on - this is very useful, since at this age visual-active thinking prevails in kids.

You can read about how to learn geometric shapes with a baby in the article.

Introducing the baby to a new figure, include in the games and figures studied earlier so that the baby does not forget them.

At the age of 1 to 2 years, the baby compares the figures visually. He learns to sort the figures, to put objects of the desired shape into the appropriate slots.

Also, to begin with, it is desirable that the figures were the same color and size, then the child will focus only on the form, and the color and size will neither distract him nor prompt him. To highlight the shape of an object, distracting from other signs: colors and sizes - the baby will learn a little later.

Starting from a year old, you can play with your baby the following games:

• "magic bag";
• geometric lotto;
• sorting geometric shapes;
• sorter;
• Seguin boards and Montessori frame inserts.

At 2 years old, a child can already select figure by name from a bunch of geometric shapes. Closer to 3 years, the child can name some geometric shapes. Of course, you should not endlessly examine the child and ask him: “What kind of figure is this?”. Such testing is not liked by both adults and children. Name geometric shapes during your conversations and games with your child, look for geometric shapes in the surrounding objects at home and during walks, turn on games with different geometric shapes and shapes in your classes, and you will see what your child has already mastered, and what still needs to be worked on.

• compare the shapes of flat and voluminous objects with geometric patterns;
• find a three-dimensional figure on a flat sample;
• reproduce geometric shapes (draw, sculpt, cut, and so on);
• analyze the image of an object of complex shape and reproduce it from parts.

Options games with geometric shapes lots of. For games of sorting and construction from geometric shapes, you will need a set of geometric shapes. You can buy it or make it yourself from cardboard, soft plastic, thick felt. You can use Gyenes blocks.

Learning to distinguish shapes

"Magic bag". Put a few geometric shapes in a small bag. Show the child a figurine of one type and ask them to find the same one in the bag. When the baby learns to correlate a three-dimensional figure and its flat image (circle and ball, square and cube, tetrahedron and triangle, and so on), you can show him not a three-dimensional figure, but a flat image. When the baby can recognize geometric shapes in the surrounding objects, it will be possible to put not geometric shapes in the bag, but objects.

Lotto. Lotto - universal game, with its help you can study anything, including geometric shapes. Geometric loto is easy to make on your own: we make cards with figures (3-4 figures are enough for kids) in two copies, cut the second copy into separate cards.

First, make shapes of the same color and size. When the child learns the shape well, you can make the figures multi-colored and of different sizes.

Children really like to impose three-dimensional figures on the cards: Gyenes blocks, insert frames, figures from the sorter, designer details.

Closer to 3 years, you can make large cards with objects of various shapes (for example, a circle - a ball, an apple, Balloon; square - rug, scarf, window frame). While playing, the child will need to find an object corresponding to the geometric figure shown by the presenter.

Sorting geometric shapes

We share cookies. Invite the child to divide the cookies (geometric figures, first of two, then of three types) between the dolls: one is a round cookie, the other is a square one.

Application. By sorting the shapes, you can make applications. Glue circles on a round sheet, triangles on a triangular sheet. For the smallest, 2-3 figures of each type are enough. Let the kid himself choose a figure from a pile and determine which sheet to glue it on. You can cut out figures from colored paper of different textures, cardboard, soft plastic, felt. Add a plot to the game: you make rugs for animals.

Sort by features. Show your child that some shapes can roll and some can't, some shapes can be stacked on top of each other and some can't, and so on. Closer to 5 years old, you can offer the child to sort the figures according to two criteria: it doesn’t roll, it doesn’t roll and is placed on top of each other, it rolls and is not placed on top of each other (cubes, cylinders, balls).

Sorter. Séguin boards and Montessori inlay frames

The simplest sorter for a child can be a box with a round and square hole. Teach your baby to push the balls into the round slot, and the cubes into the square.

If the child does not distinguish geometric shapes well, buy a sorter with vertical partitions. When the baby throws the figures into such a bucket, they do not mix, but each fall into its own compartment. And as a result, in one compartment there will be only triangles, in the other - cubes, and so on. If such a sorter has several figures of the same shape, but different colors or sizes, the child will learn to distinguish the shape of objects, regardless of other signs.

It will be more convenient for a child to play with frame inserts if the inserts have small handles by which they can be taken.

And if the child does not like sorters and frame inserts?

Not all children like to play with a sorter or frame inserts. Try to turn the sorter into a house in which the figures will hide from the rain, or into a mouse that will eat cheese.

From the faces of the sorter-cube, you can make a multi-storey building, or a village with detached houses, or a train.

If your frame inserts are not solid, animal stickers and emoticons can be placed in the holes. Then the liners can become the roofs of the houses.

Try using frames and inserts in a different way - circle. You can outline the image of the figure around the frame, if the holes in the frame are through, or the inserts themselves. The resulting figures can be painted over, hatched different ways, put fingerprints inside them or you can turn them into something: a circle - into an apple or a sun, an oval - into a cucumber or a beetle, and so on.

Applications from geometric shapes

If the child is already good at gluing parts to the specified places, you can do plot applications or patterns and ornaments from geometric shapes. For the first applications, 3-4 figures are enough, gradually their number can be increased. You can use ready-made albums for applications, for example « geometric applique from the series “Your Baby Can Do It”(from 1 year to 3 years).

You can play with your child reverse game: you show the baby an object made up of geometric shapes, and ask him to name the shapes that make it up.

Drawing and laying out geometric shapes

Drawing and laying out geometric shapes will allow the child to better feel their shape and differences from each other.

You can draw figures with pencils, paints, felt-tip pens. At first, you can draw the figures together with the child, gently grasping his hand and guiding its movement. Then the child will begin to draw himself. In most cases, the child first learns to draw a circle. If the child does not mind, the figure drawn by him can then be turned into something: a yellow circle into a sun, a brown square into a table, a blue oval into a lake, and so on. Such transformations will contribute to the development of the child's ability to see geometric shapes in the objects around him.

You can prepare some kind of plot picture or use a ready-made one (for example, from a book “Drawing with paints” from the series “Your baby can do it”) and ask the kid to complete it: draw a round ball, a rectangular body for a truck, a triangular roof for a house, and so on.

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

Geometric figures can not only be drawn, but also sculpted from plasticine, laid out from a rope, counting sticks, toothpicks (they can be fastened with plasticine in the corners), pencils, mosaics, and so on. On the street, you can draw geometric shapes with crayons, lay them out of sticks and pebbles. It will be more interesting if you add some plot to this: build a house for a bear or a garage for a car, or a truck to bring sand to the sandbox.

You can also draw geometric shapes in the air with your finger, hand or foot.

Mobile games with geometric shapes

Outdoor games with a trajectory of movement in the form of a geometric figure will also allow the child to learn it better, especially for kinesthetic children.

Walk around the figure(from 1 year)

You can start playing this game with your child as soon as he learns to walk confidently. Of course, he will need your help first. Mark on the pavement with chalk or at home on the floor with a rope, masking tape or electrical tape a geometric figure, start and finish (they will match). You can turn on fun music. Invite the child to go around the figure in different ways: walk, run around, jump, crawl, on toes, on heels, raising his knees high, and so on. Older children can be invited to pass the figure by dribbling or throwing the ball.

geometric relay(from 1.5 years)

To play outside you will need crayons, to play at home - a few pieces of rope. Draw several geometric shapes one after another on the pavement, mark the start and finish. Within each shape, schematically depict the action to be performed by the child and the number of times. For example, in a circle, the child needs to turn around himself 2 times, in a square - sit down 3 times, in a triangle - stand on one leg, counting up to 4, and so on. Have your child run the relay from start to finish. If distance permits, the figures can be drawn at some distance from each other. The smallest can pass the relay with their mother. For older children, the task can be complicated: pass the relay for a while, start all over again if you make a mistake.

Catchers with geometric houses(from 3 years old)

You probably know how to play catch-up with houses. A house is a place that is somehow marked on the ground or floor, by jumping onto which, the player cannot be touched by the driver. Try making geometric houses: lay out circles, squares, or triangles with string, draw with crayons, or cut out geometric shapes from a sheet of paper or piece of cloth. And add a condition: the baby can run into the house only if he calls his shape.

Mobile game "Walker"(from 1.5 years)

This is one of the favorite games of my youngest son (2 years 3 months). You will need 6 large geometric shapes (I used A4 sheets) and big cube. The color of geometric shapes should be different. Paste the edges of the cube in the color of your geometric shapes. The figures need to be laid out in a room or in an apartment. We play until we get bored, like this: you throw a dice, depending on the color on the dice, the baby moves, runs across, jumps or somehow moves to the figure of the desired color, at the same time saying its name (or you call the figure if the baby does not yet speak ).

Geometric figures and speech development

Agreements

Find or make up poems about geometric shapes and encourage your child to insert the names of the shapes as you read the poem.

geometric tales

You can come up with a fairy tale, the heroes of which would be geometric shapes. Write it down by inserting their images instead of the names of geometric shapes. When reading a fairy tale to a child, ask the child to name geometric shapes instead of you.

Intellectual games with geometric shapes

Having a set of geometric shapes, you can play games with your child that will train his memory, develop logic and thinking.

repeat the pattern(from 2 years old) . You lay out a pattern of several shapes (for the smallest it is better to start with 2-3 shapes). The child needs to repeat the pattern by looking at your sample or from memory.

Continue the sequence(from 4 years old) . You lay out a sequence of several figures. The child needs to continue it. First, you can build a sequence by changing only one feature (for example, from blue circles: large - small - large - small), then you can change two features (big blue circle - small yellow circle) or even three (large blue circle - small yellow triangle ).

What changed(from 4 years old) . You post some kind of pattern or shape. Ask the child to turn away or close his eyes and remove or change something from the pattern. The child needs to notice what has changed.

Geometric puzzles

If the child likes split pictures, You can do cut geometric shapes(from 1.5 years). First, cut the figures into 2 parts, if the baby can easily cope with this task, cut each half in half again, and so on. You can cut the figures along or across into several parts. You can give the child pieces of the figure, name it and ask them to assemble it. Then you can no longer name the figure, just give pieces of the figure, let the child guess for himself what kind of figure he needs to collect.

You can show a three-year-old child how geometric shapes are obtained from each other. For example, a square can be turned into 2 rectangles or 4 squares, into 2 or 4 triangles; a triangle can be made into two triangles, or into a triangle and a trapezoid. Show your child that you can not only divide a figure into several others, but you can also assemble one from several figures.

After 5 years, you can ask the child to collect several geometric shapes from a pile of mixed parts or offer him the Nikitin's game "Fold the Square".

You can also make cut pictures on any topic in the form of geometric shapes or cut the picture only into squares, rectangles or triangles.

Creativity with geometric shapes

We build our geometric shapes. Offer the child several geometric shapes (for example, a rectangle, a square and a triangle) and ask them to build their own from them. If the baby finds it difficult on his own, pick up the name of the resulting figure together. If to reverse side attach magnetic tape to geometric shapes, baby can play this game on the fridge while you are busy preparing dinner.

Geometry for kids is an ambiguous subject, because there are so many shapes, and there are even more ways to study them. Which of them should be taken for work in the first place and how to make the crumbs be interested in them? Let's discuss approaches that can be used to teach new material.

First you need to study with the children simple figures that will be understandable to them.

More complex concepts, such as a trapezoid or a rhombus, are best left for later. First, the baby needs to learn the simplest shapes: a circle, a triangle and a square. Having mastered this simple science, you will be able to start exploring new horizons. Psychologists and educators say that the circle is given to children to memorize the easiest way.

Time to study shapes

The first attempts to get acquainted with the figures can be started almost from birth. Game presentation of material will always be appropriate. Whether you show your baby a picture with a ball or a cube, you can always say in addition about their shape. Such an easy presentation will be perceived positively by the child.

A 2-year-old toddler should already be able to distinguish between:

1. triangle;
2. a circle;
3. square.

3-year-old baby additionally knows:

• oval;
• rhombus;
• rectangle.

Following them, you can begin to introduce the child to the trapezoid, ellipse, etc. Don't forget to include games and fun in your activities with your children.

The principle of mastering figures

Geometric figures for children in different periods are assimilated differently. Knowing the age characteristics, it will be easier for you to choose the appropriate technique and teach new concepts.

Choose a circle first to study. When the child learns it well, proceed to the next step. Beat the situation when a big circle came to visit the baby. Circle the circle with your child's finger, touch it with your palm, make an application based on it, adding round eyes and a nose.

Volumetric figures will be quite appropriate when studying forms. So the child will be involved in another sensory organ. The baby will always be able to touch the object, do some manipulations with it: build a tower, throw it, put it in a box. Such a multifaceted way of getting acquainted with a new concept will be very effective, because children at this age learn the world around them through visual-active thinking.

It is advisable to choose the same color and size for a start. Let all the concepts being studied be, for example, red, then the child will not have problems with the perception of the new, he will not be distracted by color and size differences.

Learning Features

We list the features child development, and in particular the perception of figures:

• At 1-2 years old, the baby compares them visually, learns to sort (we recommend reading:). The child begins to choose from the available figures the desired one and insert it into the appropriate hole.
• A grown up 2-year-old child is able to choose the called form from a number of presented figures.
• The development of a 3-year-old allows him to already name some figures on his own.

When playing and talking, always pay attention to the surrounding objects and compare them with already familiar geometric shapes. Walking in the park, you can also draw the attention of the little one to the appearance of triangles and circles, even outside the home. Constantly referring to this topic, you can easily find out what else needs to be worked out, and what the baby has already learned well.

The study continues in the following vein:

• comparison of flat and three-dimensional figures with the specified samples;
• search for a three-dimensional body using an existing flat image;
• reconstruction of geometric bodies (sculpting, drawing, cutting);
• analysis of a picture with a complex object, identification of its constituent parts.

learning

Looking for geometry around

The development of children is not represented without the development of geometric shapes, but familiarization should be carried out gradually. To start, select just one shape. Once you've mastered and consolidated it, move on to the next one. We advise you to start with a circle, as the easiest and most memorable figure.

Print the forms using a printer or draw by hand on an A4 sheet. Again, all figures must be one-color and one-dimensional. Take a few days to get to know the circle. On the first day, show the baby a circle and tell what features it has. On the second day, start looking for objects that resemble a circle. Seeing that the child can not cope due to age, help him. Having found the desired object, let the little one run along its edge in order to remember and fix such a shape. Subsequent forms are entered in the same way. For an example of such a lesson, watch the video on the Internet.

Thinking that the child is still too young to remember the names, still do not stop studying. Your labors will eventually be crowned with victory, because all classes are postponed in the children's head. Even before the toddler reaches one year of age, you can show and name the basic concepts of geometry, namely the square, circle and triangle. To do this, you should use special video tutorials.

Shape Discrimination Games

For the game you will need a small bag in which you need to put the already known forms. Show your child, for example, a triangle, and then ask them to find the same one in the bag. A little later, having realized the ratio of flat and volumetric bodies, show flat images, asking you to find the corresponding volumetric body, for example, a ball is a circle, a cube is a square. Having mastered this exercise, the child will eventually learn to show not figures, but real objects.

Lotto - unique game which allows you to explore anything. We also easily learn figures with the help of loto. For the game, make cards with images of the concepts being studied (for toddlers, you should start with 3-4 forms) in duplicate. One of them is cut into separate picture cards. To begin with, make a loto with figures of the same color and size, and as the baby grows older, the variety of sizes and colors will increase. It is more difficult to search for color differing pictures.

Basic figures on the cards:

sort method

The sorter toy will be a great helper in learning geometry. Closer to the year, the baby, playing with this toy, discovers that each part has its own unique hole. Help the baby with hints: “You found a square, and this hole is round. Doesn't fit here. Let's look for a square hole?" You can make a simple sorter yourself. Take two boxes, make a round hole in one, and a square hole in the other. Invite your child to sort the cubes and balls into boxes. Accompany the actions of the little one with comments and naming the correct figure. In such a simple way, the baby will overcome all concepts. There are baffled sorters that prevent parts from mixing inside the cube. Such sorters are perfect for children who have difficulty distinguishing shapes.

Insert frames come in a variety of directions, including geometry. Frames with basic shapes require inserting a suitable part into the desired compartment. The exercise game resembles a sorter. Video examples are widely presented on the Internet.

Trait sorting: the child must learn the differences in the manipulation of figures, for example, one object rolls and the other does not, or with the help of some it is possible to make a tower, while others are not suitable for this, etc. By the age of 5, the child will be able to sort objects according to two criteria: you can roll and you can’t build a tower (ball), you can’t roll, but you can put on top of each other (cylinder), you can’t roll (cube). At the preschool age of 6-7 years, the future first-grader must perfectly master the initial primitive knowledge of geometry.

Applications

Performing applications will help to assimilate new concepts. Use various geometric bodies to plan your future application. The first samples should be made as simple as possible, for example, only triangles are glued to a triangular sheet, only squares to a square sheet. Let the baby decide for himself which figure to stick where.

Future appliqué details can be cut out from various materials: felt, cardboard, velvet paper, etc. By about a year and a half, the baby will master the process of gluing parts to the necessary places according to the template and will be ready for a new stage. Now you can begin to perform the most primitive compositional application. The basis for the exercises can be taken from the following manuals:

• Series "School of seven dwarfs 1+".
• Educational stickers for kids.
• Great stickers. Fun geometry.

Tactile creativity

Tactile work with geometric bodies allows you to remember them faster. Any creative activity (drawing, modeling, cutting) will become a handy tool in mastering new concepts. On an A4 sheet, print or draw large shapes. Show your child how to draw some of them with crayons, felt-tip pens or paints. Draw hand in hand so that the child understands the principle. Over time, he will begin to cope without your help. Most often, children are most easily given a circle to draw.

Do not limit the creativity of young children to one drawing. Figures can be laid out from threads, folded from toothpicks, the ends of which can be fastened with plasticine for fixation, sculpted from dough and plasticine, created from mosaics, etc. street games also combine with learning: draw shapes on the pavement with crayons, sticks on the ground, collect acorns and pebbles, and then lay out squares and circles. You can get inspired with the help of a large number of photos and videos of classes presented on the network.

Using Doman cards

Many rightly consider the Doman method the most effective in the study of geometric shapes. With a minimum of effort, the child learns new concepts in the shortest possible time. Let's clarify one point: when we study new concepts with a child, this knowledge needs to be consolidated. It is possible through a variety of exercise games, which we talked about above. Unreinforced knowledge will be forgotten very quickly, almost as quickly as it was acquired. Most often, you can hear recommendations that it is better to postpone the start of classes on Doman cards until the age of 1 year. During this period, the child is already willingly engaged in sorters, applications, and insert frames. This method is often used in kindergartens.

It will be useful for children with the need to know the world around them through movement to offer games in which they need to move along a certain trajectory. The game track or path imitates this or that figure. Such an exercise will allow preschool kinesthetic learners to quickly learn new concepts. Game complexes and towns also help.

The game-exercise "Go around the figure" will be appropriate for children from one to two years old. The baby, who has mastered walking well, is already ready to participate in the game. With the help of chalk or rope, mark the shape, mark the start and finish, which are one point. For the background, turn on funny songs. As a task, invite the children to walk around the image by walking, jumping, crawling, etc. As the baby grows, the tasks become more difficult: you can ask to get around by tossing the ball or carrying a spoon with a ball in your hand.

A good game for three-year-olds is catching up using figure houses. Mark houses on the floor or ground. These can be pre-cut large figures, or they can simply be drawn with chalk or houses made of sticks. In such houses (circles, squares and triangles), a child can hide from the driver only if he names the shape correctly.

When we learn the basics of geometry, we can use modern tools. Developing videos and cartoons telling about various geometric shapes will be useful. Pay attention to such cartoons as: "Kids" and "The Engine Chuh-Chukh".