Where does Garry Kasparov live? Garry Kasparov on his wife and children: I lead an extremely exemplary lifestyle. Where is Garry Kasparov now, what does he do
Garry Kasparov is a man who forever inscribed himself in the world history of chess, the 13th world champion. As soon as they didn’t call him: “a computer with a soul”, “great and terrible”, “destroyer”, “Bolshevik”. Such different nicknames testify to the brightest character of Kasparov's personality, who, in addition to chess, is well known in other areas of life.
According to many experts, Kasparov is by far the greatest chess player in the world. Evidence of this is a huge number of awards and titles. There are 11 chess Oscars in his collection. According to unofficial data, he has about fifty victories in tournaments of various levels of complexity, and is also an eight-time champion of chess Olympiads.
In 1989, Garry Kasparov was the first on the planet to overcome the threshold of 2800 Elo rating points, and in the late 90s, after several victories in super tournaments the highest category, it reached an astonishing 2851 units. This achievement was surpassed only in 2012 (2861). For 21 years (1985 - 2006), Kasprow dominated the chess Olympus almost without change, not allowing anyone to displace him from the first place. At the time of his retirement from chess, his rating was 2812 units.
Childhood and youth
Garry Kimovich Kasparov (nee Weinshein) was born on April 13, 1963 in Baku. Garik's parents - father Kim Moiseevich Weinstein (Jew by nationality) and mother Klara Shagenovna Kasparova (Armenian) were engineers. Until the age of 11, Harry bore his father's surname, but his mother, frightened by the anti-Semitic sentiments that had gained momentum, decided to give him her surname.
According to some reports, the parents discovered their son's remarkable talent when, at the age of 5, he helped his father solve a chess study. According to Soviet tradition, the boy was sent to the section at the pioneers' house. After the death of her father, who died of sarcoma, her mother quit the research institute and devoted herself entirely to the career of the future champion.
Despite his childhood dreams of becoming a doctor (so he wanted to save his terminally ill father), his first serious successes came to him in chess - at the age of 9, Kasparov was a first-class player, and at 10 years old he was already a Candidate Master of Masters. Soon he leaves to study at the Botvinnik school, where he got on the recommendation of his future mentor Alexander Nikitin.
Already at that time, the maestro noted the remarkable analytical abilities of the Bakuvian. “He is an exceptional chess talent, very reminiscent of Alekhine, but very subjective and hasty in his decisions,” Botvinnik would say of his student.
The year 1980 was marked for the future chess king by being awarded the title of grandmaster (at the age of 17) and graduating from school with a gold medal. The young man had the broadest prospects, but Harry entered the Baku Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages, which he successfully graduated from.
Garry Kasparov with his mother, Klara Shegenovna
Confrontation of "two K"
One of the most important pages of the biography of the great chess player is dedicated to the confrontation with the most important opponent, the 12th world champion. Their first match for the chess crown began in September 1984. At that time, few people already remembered that back in 1975, at a simultaneous game session against Karpov, young Garry managed to achieve an equal position, but lost due to an unfortunate mistake (see the game below, in the "Selection of Games" section).
After the ninth game, Karpov won 4-0 (6 wins were needed to win the championship), after which Kasparov changed tactics and began to frankly play for a draw. Not surprisingly, 17 games followed without a win, followed by another win by Karpov. No one knew yet that the unprecedented chess marathon would last 48 games and end with the decision of the then FIDE President Florencio Campomanes to finish the match ahead of schedule. By that time, Karpov was leading 5:3. Despite the desire of both sides to continue the fight, the decision was not changed.
At the FIDE congress held after this, changes were made to the rules of the duel for the title of world champion. Now it consisted of 24 games, according to the results of which the winner was declared. In the event of a tie, the crown was retained by current champion.
On September 3, 1985, the rematch began. And this time the intrigue remained until the very end. The opponents alternately took the lead, Karpov after the 4th game, and Kasparov after the 16th game. This turned out to be a turning point. Having won one more game, Kasparov did not miss the victory from his hands. As a result, 13:11 in favor of the applicant. Before reaching the age of 23, Garry Kasparov became the youngest world champion in history. After that, three more matches will follow (1986, 1987, 1990), in each of which Kasparov will be stronger.
At that time, no one knew yet that the confrontation between the “two Ks” would go far beyond the chessboard and result in a struggle between a lone hero (Kasparov) and a supporter of official power (Karpov).
Literary creativity
Garry Kimovich has many publications as a writer and journalist. Among the most famous and resonant works stands out the autobiography of a chess player, published for the first time in English in 1987 under the title "Child of Change". Later, the book was Russified and changed its name to "Unlimited duel". Since 2003, in collaboration with journalist Dmitry Plisetsky, he has been creating the literary cycle "My Great Predecessors" in which he describes in detail the biography, as well as the creative novelties of chess champions of an earlier period. In addition, the five-volume book contains an analysis of the most interesting games with their participation.
In 2007, he released the work "Chess as a model of life", which they managed to call his autobiography. Here the author discusses the influence of chess on politics and entrepreneurship. During this period, another work by the grandmaster, The Opening Revolution of the 70s, was published, which presents a detailed analysis of the cardinal changes that have taken place in the theory of openings.
Dissenter
Back in the late 80s. Garry Kimovich entered into a desperate struggle against the all-powerful FIDE. Then he initiates the birth of the International Association of Grandmasters. Later, categorically disagreeing with the policy of the world chess organization, he, together with N. Short, announced in 1993 a match against each other under the auspices of the newly created Professional Chess Association. This led to the temporary exclusion of the grandmaster from the FIDE rating, where he was soon reinstated. After the dissolution of the PCA, Kasparov took part in the creation of a new opposition structure of the World Chess Council.
Fights against the computer
Kasparov stood at the origins of the confrontation between man and artificial intelligence. For the first time, he faced off against a computer back in 1989. Back then, chess programs were still far from perfect, so the great chess player left the machine no chance, easily winning in two games. In 1996, the American company IBM prepared a formidable opponent for the world champion in the face of the Deep Blue supercomputer. The match, held in Philadelphia, ended with Kasparov's victory 4:2. Even then, an amazing fact was recorded - the loss of the current champion to the machine in the classic chess format. However, the following year, the whole world was shocked by the news of the victory of artificial intelligence. Despite a tense struggle, Kasparov lost with a score of 2.5:3.5.
Since then, many of the strongest chess players have tried to play with the computer and often lost, as, for example, in the memorable match against Deep Fritz. The words of Garry Kimovich that in classical chess a computer has no chance against a human did not turn out to be prophetic. Today, even on ordinary tablets, there are many applications that play at the level of a grandmaster, and the most powerful programs have a game power exceeding 3000 Elo units.
In the late 90s, Kasparov became interested in the idea of promoting chess on the World Wide Web, organizing a thematic portal "Kasparov's Club". In 1999, under the auspices of Microsoft, he holds an unusual match against the whole world and wins it.
Retirement from sports
Kasparov retired from professional chess at the age of 41, when his career was in full swing, and there were many prospects ahead. As the champion himself explained, for him each game is not just a path to victory, but also an opportunity to change something. By that time, he did not feel the strength in himself for such changes, having lost his former drive.
Political career and scandals
In 2005, after leaving professional chess, Garry Kimovich plunged headlong into politics, becoming one of the ardent critics of the current authorities. But he took his first steps in this field much earlier. Back in 1990, Kasparov was involved in the birth of the Democratic Party, and 3 years later he actively supported the political project of the authorities "Russia's Choice". Since the beginning of the 2000s, he has moved into the camp of an irreconcilable opposition. Kasparov managed to participate in the activities of a number of protest organizations - Solidarity, the National Assembly of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian Civil Congress and a number of others. He was also on the coordinating council of the Russian opposition.
Detention of Kasparov near the building of the Khamovniki Court of Moscow in August 2012. Garry Kimovich came to support members of the Pussy Riot group who desecrated the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The police accused Kasparov of allegedly biting one of the employees during the arrest.
Having moved to the United States in 2013, he continues to confront the authorities. In 2014, his resource kasparov.ru was officially blocked at the request of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. In the same year, he condemned the annexation of Crimea to Russia, saying that the peninsula should rightfully belong to Ukraine.
In 2014, Kasparov lost the FIDE presidential election to Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, later saying that this international organization had turned into a structure covering the activities of the Russian special services. Alas, the story didn't end there. Back in January 2014, American reporters talked about the contract that Kasparov allegedly concluded with the head of the Singapore Chess Federation, Ignatius Leongos. According to the contract, Kasparov had to pay $1 million to the Singaporean if he provided him with comprehensive support in the FIDE presidential election.
Later it became known that it was only a draft contract. In the final agreement, the bribe was veiled, the money was transferred "to support the development of chess in the country." As a result, Kasparov not only lost the election to Ilyumzhinov, but also tarnished his reputation. The ticklishness of the situation was that the ardent fighter against corruption turned out to be an air conditioner. After this incident, the nickname "Dirty Harry" stuck behind Kasparov.
Business career
In the first half of the 90s. Kasparov acquired a large stake in the popular radio station Ekho Moskvy, which he then profitably sold to Vladimir Gusinsky. At the same time, he became the founder of the Kasparov-consulting company, which was engaged in charter cargo transportation and advising Western investors. In 1996, in partnership with the American Maxim Dlugy, Harry founded the RGF investment fund, which bought out a controlling stake in a magnesium plant in Solikamsk.
In 1999, with the support of Israeli businessmen, he creates a company that develops and implements paid online services for learning to play chess. However, it was not possible to properly promote the resource and three years later it was liquidated. Also, with the participation of the world champion, three chess simulators were published using his name in the title. In 2001, Kasparov decided to end his business activities in Russia and transferred his existing assets abroad.
Personal life
Kasparov's personality is characterized by extraordinary brightness in all manifestations, and family life is no exception. He was married three times and each marriage did not remain childless. The first wife of the chess player Maria Arapova had an excellent philological education received at Moscow University. Her excellent manners and excellent knowledge of languages made an impression on Klara Shagenovna, whose opinion her son always listened to. However, despite the birth of Polina's daughter, the family broke up a year later.
Kasparov with his first wife Maria Arapova
The second wife of Kasparov was a student Yulia Vovk, who had just reached the age of majority, whom he met by chance in Riga at the Tal memorial. From this marriage, which lasted 9 years, he had a second child - his son Vadim.
A few months after the second divorce, Harry Kimovich remarried. This time, his life partner was a native of St. Petersburg, Daria Tarasova, who managed to give birth to two children for him - daughter Aida and son Nikolai.
In addition, in the mid-1980s he had a close relationship with the famous actress Marina Neyolova, who is 16 years older than Kasparov. In one of his books, the chess player explained that this union was the result of a sense of their mutual exclusivity. During this period of her life, Neyolova had a daughter, Nika, but Harry Kimovich hastened to disown her paternity.
- The date of February 15, 1985, when the duel with Anatoly Karpov was interrupted by the decision of Campomanes, Kasparov will call the beginning of his political career.
- According to a survey by the British company Creators Synectics, Harry entered the list of one hundred world geniuses, ranking 25th. Interestingly, there are only three Russians and two chess players on this list (other than Kasparov).
- Once, speaking in Toronto on the topic of the benefits of chess for the development of intellect, Kasparov spoke so brilliantly that he made everyone present feel the deepest respect for ancient game, for which he lost his shoes, which were torn from him by grateful fans. Now the shoes are stored in the local museum.
- At the end of his career, in 2004, Kasparov played two games against Magnus Carlsen, who at that time was 13 years old. In one of the games where Carlsen played white, it was very difficult for Kasparov to avoid defeat. Judging by the video below, Magnus has had no mental problems from an early age - he looked more than calm, which cannot be said about Kasparov.
Selection of games
The first game played by Kasparov against Karpov
Leningrad, 1975
This is the first game that Garry Kasparov played with Anatoly Karpov in his life.
"A former world chess champion, and now an opposition politician" Garry Kasparov left Russia, but intends to "continue to annoy [Russian President] Vladimir Putin to the best of his ability", although now the main goal of his life is to become president of the World Chess Federation (FIDE ). He spoke about this and much more in an interview with the Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin, the Friday supplement to the Bavarian newspaper of the same name.
In Russia, according to the grandmaster, he would hardly have been threatened with imprisonment, but his passport could have been taken away, as "it happens with many opposition politicians in Moscow", and this would mean for Kasparov "the collapse of his whole life", since the main source of his earnings - "reports on logical thinking and strategies for success", which he usually reads abroad. "I come to Russia only to fight the regime and defend human rights," Kasparov described his lifestyle in recent years.
Kasparov has not been in Russia since February 22, 2013 - shortly before that, his mother received a call from the Investigative Committee with a request to ensure his appearance to testify. “Because of this challenge, I decided that it was not worth returning,” he explained his decision. “I don’t want to risk the prospect of being stuck in Moscow anymore. I am announcing my candidacy for the presidency of FIDE.To do this, I will need to travel around the world to introduce myself to various national associations.To take high risks as a politician would be dishonest of me to those who finance my candidacy in the world of chess.Except Moreover, from abroad I can cause much more trouble than from Moscow. The winning process in Strasbourg will help opposition politicians more than my sitting locked up in Moscow. " Kasparov believes that his October victory in this instance has a "symbolic" meaning and "someday will help the numerous prisoners in Russian prisons." However, "Putin doesn't care about reactions from abroad," he admitted.
Now Kasparov lives in New York with his wife and youngest daughter, his eldest daughter is also there, but his son and mother remained in Moscow - he travels to Tallinn to meet with them ("not far from Moscow, and people speak Russian," the oppositionist explained). Living in the US is "convenient," Kasparov admitted, but he yearns for his homeland and the Russian language.
The head of the United Civil Front said that during the last detention after another protest, he was injured: “Because of this, my elbow still hurts when I write or pick up my bag to put it on the luggage rack on the plane ". At the correspondent's request, the source of the Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin spoke briefly about his only administrative arrest, noting that his experience was "ludicrous" compared to the situation in which Mikhail Khodorkovsky, for example, finds himself.
In 2005, the oppositionist hired bodyguards - the reason for this was an incident during one of the last chess events with his participation: "A man approached me with chess board. At first I thought that he wanted to ask me for an autograph, but then I had a bad feeling. I was surprised by the smell emanating from the board, it was brand new, and who would put an autograph on a newly purchased board? Usually they bring an old one... He hit me on the head with it... The man was young, they must have hoped that I would hit back, so two cameras were installed there. This incident was a warning to me. The very next day I hired professional bodyguards."
The ex-champion dismissed the suggestion that he was running for the FIDE presidency because he was bored with the political struggle: “I will continue to fight injustice... Putin is not only a problem for Russia. worse than Belarusian Lukashenka: Putin is everywhere, he controls more money than anyone in the history of mankind, and does not disdain to win the sympathy of entrepreneurs and politicians through bribery, he supports the most violent regimes in the whole world, without him Assad could not have killed tens of thousands of his fellow citizens. "Putin is a problem and the problem is growing because every dictator wants to expand his power. Putin is becoming more and more defiant because he sees no one who can stop him."
Garry Kimovich Kasparov- Russian chess player, international grandmaster (1980), Honored Master of Sports (1985). 13th world champion (since 1985), two-time champion of the USSR (1981, 1988). Winner of the "Chess Oscar" prize (1982, 1983, 1985-90, 1996), World Cup (1989).
"Computer with a soul"
Garry Kasparov was born April 13, 1963, in Baku. At the age of 4 he learned to read, loved geography and history. At the age of 7, he dreamed of becoming a doctor to save his terminally ill father, Kim Weinstein. Before his death, his father gave him a chess clock, having completed the third category in one year. All cares for the upbringing of his son were taken over by his mother Klara Kasparova.
In 1980, Garry Kasparov received three gold medals - for excellent graduation from school, winning the world championship among youths, and also for participating in the USSR national team at the World Chess Olympiad. After three convincing victories in international tournaments in Yugoslavia (Banja Luka, 1979, Bugojno, 1982, Niksic, 1983), the Yugoslav newspapers, noting the rich imagination and the speed of calculating variations, called him "a computer with a soul."
The only strength of our position against the regime is the adherence to certain principles. There are democratic procedures that must be followed at all times.
Kasparov Garry Kimovich
In 1986, Kasparov graduated from the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages.
Unprecedented confrontation
On October 19, 1984, an amazing confrontation between Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov began, which kept the chess world in suspense for more than 10 years. Their first unlimited duel in Moscow lasted 159 days (up to 6 wins), which, after 48 games, remained for the first time in chess history unfinished. Losing with a score of 0:5, Kasparov seemed doomed to lose the match, but managed to resist and brought the score to 3:5 with 40 draws. The match was interrupted by the decision of the President of FIDE (International Chess Federation) Florencio Campomanes.
Six months later, in September 1985, their new match took place again in Moscow, in which Kasparov won with a score of 13:11 and at the age of 22 became the 13th world champion - the youngest in the history of chess. In 1986 he won the rematch 12.5:11.5 (in Leningrad). In 1987 in Seville, their match ended in a draw, allowing him to retain the world title; in 1990 (New York - Lyon) he won the world championship match against Karpov with a score of 12.5:11.5.
In total, Kasparov played 144 games with Karpov in five matches (he won 21, lost 19, 104 ended in a draw).
Kasparov Garry Kimovich
In the best traditions of world champions
Continuing best traditions world champions, Garry Kasparov pays much attention to social and literary activities in the field of chess; organizes and supports children's chess schools in Russia, Spain, France, England, Germany, USA, Israel; contributes to the maximum use of modern computer technology and television in the interests of popularizing chess in the world; defends the idea of professionalization of chess in the interests of their progress as a sport, science and art.
Garry was one of the initiators of the founding of the PCHA (Professional Chess Association), under the auspices of which the regular matches for the 1993 world championship in London with Nigel Short (12.5:7.5) and 1995 in New York with Viswanathan Anand (10.5 :7.5). In 2000 in London, Kasparov lost to Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (6.5:8.5).
The conflict between legislative and executive power is the main intrigue of any democratic state.
Kasparov Garry Kimovich
Kasparov's duels with the "electronic chess player" - the powerful computer program "Deep blue" aroused great interest in the world. Kasparov was one of the first athletes to compete under the Russian flag (1990); took an active part in the social and political life of the country. In 1999, he played a unique game against the rest of the world that lasted 124 days on the Internet. More than 3 million chess fans from 75 countries of the world played against Kasparov, which became an absolute Internet record. The game ended with the victory of the world champion in a deep queen endgame. (V. I. Linder)
The greatest art in chess is not to show your opponent what he can do.
Kasparov Garry Kimovich
As the best chess player in the world, great success Garry Kasparov reached in business; proof of this is his “Order of the Eagle”, established by Russian entrepreneurs, and victory in the competition “Business Man - Formula for Success”. They say that Kasparov is loved in the West - for his education, good English and, of course, a brilliant image: he managed to turn chess into an exciting show, making this game no less emotional than hockey or football.
Garry Kimovich Kasparov was born on April 13 1963 years in the city of Baku, Azerbaijan SSR. His father, a Jew by nationality, Kim Moiseevich Weinstein, worked as an energy engineer, and his mother, an Armenian from Karabakh, Klara Shagenovna Kasparyan (Kasparova), was an engineer, a specialist in automation and telemechanics. Kasparov's grandfather and uncle Moses and Leonid Weinstein were well-known composers in Baku, and the latter was married to the sister of Abdurakhman Vezirov (USSR ambassador to Pakistan and second secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League of the republic, who headed the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan under Mikhail Gorbachev). The cousin of Kasparov's father was his father Yulia Gusmana is a professor of medicine who headed the IV Main Department of the republican Ministry of Health, which served the entire Azerbaijani elite.
Kasparov learned to play chess by watching his father and mother play. One day, 5-year-old Kasparov, to the amazement of his parents, who had never taught him chess before, solved a problem from the chess section of the republican newspaper Vyshka, which was then run by one of the founders of the Transcaucasian chess school Suren Abrahamyan. After that, Kasparov's father decided that chess should be preferred to music, although initially he planned to send his son in the footsteps of his grandfather, a composer.
According to some reports, Kasparov inherited his talent for chess from his mother, who at the age of six beat adult chess players. According to some reports, Kasparov's father died in 1970 year, in a car accident, according to others - he died of blood cancer (lymphosarcoma). After the death of her husband, Kasparov's mother devoted herself to raising her son, caring for his career and health (as a child, Kasparov suffered rheumatic heart disease). Until Kasparov had professional coaches, she worked with him herself - she put positions from chess books on the board and offered to find the right move .
AT 1970 year, his mother brought Kasparov to study in the chess section of the Baku Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren named after Yuri Gagarin to the honored coach of Azerbaijan Oleg Privorotsky. At first, Kasparov, in those years Weinstein, was recorded as Bronstein - he vaguely introduced himself to the coach, and only two months later Kasparov's mother personally I corrected the mistake in the standings by coming to my son's classes.
Thanks to the support of his relatives, Kasparov participated in international youth tournaments, the existence of which sometimes even his coach did not know. Yes, in 1972 year, nine-year-old Kasparov went to the international youth tournament, held in France.
AT 1973 Kasparov, as part of the Azerbaijani national team, went to the All-Union Youth Games in Vilnius. It was here that he met the Moscow master Alexander Nikitin, who began to help Kasparov prepare for the tournaments.
In the same year, Kasparov, on the recommendation of Nikitin, came to Dubna, passed a two-hour exam and ended up in a correspondence school for children and youth chess, ex-world champion Mikhail Botvinnik, the creator of the so-called research direction in chess, in which the art of preparing for chess competitions is brought to to perfection. Twice a year, Botvinnik gathered his students for a ten-day gathering: the guys reported, showed their games, received new assignments. Kasparov soon became the first assistant to the teacher and received the right to use his unlimited support, and after each tournament he had to submit a creative report to the ex-world champion.
AT 1974 (or 1975 ) a year before the All-Union tournament "Pioneers vs Grandmasters", when her son was 11 (12) years old, his mother changed not only his last name, but also his nationality - the Jew Harry Weinstein became the Armenian Garry Kasparov. In her opinion, under Soviet anti-Semitism, the chess player Weinstein would have been it’s more difficult to climb the career ladder. Klara Kasparova said then that she changed her son’s surname on the advice of all relatives, although it later turned out that uncle Leonid Weinstein was categorically against it.
AT 1974 Kasparov played for the first time in Moscow - at the Pioneer Palaces tournament: each of the six children's teams was led by a grandmaster, who gave a simultaneous game session to the guys from other teams. At the beginning 1975 Kasparov participated for the first time in the national youth championship, where most of the opponents were six or seven years older than him. Kasparov was in the lead after eight rounds, but lost at the finish line and shared only seventh place. In the middle 1975 year at the youth championship "Spartacus" he took second place.
In the end 1975 Kasparov participated in the next tournament of the Palaces of Pioneers in Leningrad, in which he met in simultaneous sessions with two chess luminaries - Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi. In the game with Karpov, Kasparov made a mistake in an equal position and lost, while he played against Korchnoi in a draw.
At the beginning 1976 year, 12-year-old schoolboy Kasparov won the USSR championship, which allowed young men under 18 years old. This was the first unique record set by Kasparov. Kasparov and his coach Nikitin continued to meet at competitions, and then parted: the student returned to Baku, and the coach to Moscow. In Baku, Alexander Shakarov, a well-known theorist and creator of a unique card index of openings, became his coach. Under his leadership, Kasparov made his first opening cards, and Shakarov became the main custodian of Kasparov's information bank for many years.
Summer 1976 Kasparov went to the World Championship among cadets (under 16 years old) in France, but managed only to share third place. Nikitin had a conflict with Karpov, as a result of which the former was forced to leave the USSR State Sports Committee, publicly promising to overthrow Karpov from the chess throne. Nikitin moved to Spartak and, in essence, became Kasparov's professional coach. At the beginning 1977 Kasparov won the USSR Youth Championship for the second time in a row with a score of 8.5 points out of 9 possible. Summer 1977 2009, he again participated in the World Championship among cadets - he was in the lead three rounds before the end of the tournament, but again he was third at the finish line.
AT 1978 In 1999, candidate master of sports Kasparov took first place in the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk, and already five rounds before the end he completed the master's norm. In the last round, for the first time in his life, Kasparov played a serious game against the only grandmaster in the tournament and won a landslide victory. Notable success in youth competitions gave Kasparov the right to compete in the summer 1978 of the year in the all-Union qualifying tournament for the next national championship, in which he won the only ticket directly to the big leagues. Before the USSR Major League Championship, Kasparov participated in the All-Union Spartakiad of schoolchildren in Tashkent as a training, defeating the world champion among youths of that year, Sergei Dolmatov.
AT 1978 In the year in Tbilisi, at the 46th USSR Championship, Kasparov took the lead after the 4th round, but then fell behind.
spring 1979 Kasparov first entered an international tournament in the Yugoslav city of Banja Luka thanks to Botvinik, who managed to convince officials of the great chess potential of his protégé. : he scored 11.5 points out of 15 possible and overfulfilled the grandmaster norm by one and a half points - however, then he was only awarded the title of international master. After this speech, Kasparov and his mother were invited to his office by the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, after which he took them under personal guardianship.
AT 1979 At his second USSR Championship, Kasparov took a podium place, losing to Yefim Geller and sharing bronze with Yuri Balashov.
In April 1980 year Kasparova won another international tournament in his homeland in Baku, defeating Igor Zaitsev, Karpov's coach, and became a grandmaster at 17 years old.
Summer 1980 year Kasparov graduated from school with a gold medal. At school, he was fond of geography and history, read philosophical treatises. At the family council, it was decided that since Kasparov's future is connected with chess, then a language education would be best for him. Medalist Kasparov passed only one exam - having received a "five", he was enrolled in the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute.
In the same 1980 Kasparov won the World Youth Championship in Dortmund, in which 58 young men from 55 countries took part, and won his first title of chess king. Second place, one and a half points behind, was taken by International Master Nigel Short. After the championship in Dortmund, experts unanimously started talking about the fact that in the next cycle of the world championship, Kasparov has every chance of becoming a rival to the current champion Karpov in the match for the crown. In the end 1980 Kasparov, as part of the USSR national team, went to the Chess Olympiad. He showed a high result: eight wins and three draws with one defeat.
AT 1981 In the same year, Kasparov's mother resigned from the position of senior researcher and scientific secretary at the Azerbaijan Research Electrotechnical Institute in order to devote herself entirely to her son's chess career. She was enrolled in her son's staff as a professional coach, went with him to all competitions, took upon herself the solution of all domestic problems, was her son's assistant and chief adviser, replaced a whole team of psychologists for him. According to experts, soon the mother became Kasparov's main confidant, and coaches have gone from assistants and advisers to employees. Kasparov's mother could quite professionally conduct any negotiations on behalf of her son: it was she who began to answer all phone calls and decide with whom to connect Kasparov.
In February 1981 year Kasparov played in a match-tournament of four national teams (first, second, youth and veterans). He won two games against Vasily Smyslov, "exchanged blows" with the leader of the second team Oleg Romanishin, and two of his games with Karpov ended in a draw. As a result, Kasparov took first place on the first board ahead of two chess kings - Smyslov and Karpov.
In the same 1981 Kasparov, together with Lev Psakhis, shared 1-2 places at the USSR Championship in Frunze. Summer 1982 Kasparov won the tournament in Bugojno in Yugoslavia. Being the winner of the USSR Championship, he received the right to participate in the Moscow Interzonal Tournament, won it in September 1982 year and at the age of 18 became a contender for the chess crown. At the next Chess Olympiad in Lucerne in 1982 Kasparov won six victories and drew five games; in the match between USSR and Switzerland, Karpov decided to avoid a meeting with Viktor Korchnoi, and Kasparov, who replaced him, won, according to experts, a "fantastic" victory.
AT 1983 Kasparov won the quarterfinals against Alexander Belyavsky with a score of 6:3 and the semifinals against Korchnoi (7:4) in the candidates' matches for the title of world champion. that they could not guarantee his safety, but, according to Kasparov himself, because of the fears of the party nomenclature for the sports career of Leonid Brezhnev's protege Karpov, who could lose the title of world champion. Kasparov directly turned to Aliyev, who by that time had also become a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee The CPSU, which managed to obtain permission to hold the match. Korchnoi, already declared the winner, agreed to play and lost to Kasparov. 1984 In 1994, Kasparov defeated Vasily Smyslov in the final (8.5:4.5) and became the number one contender.
AT 1984 Kasparov joined the CPSU: according to him, in the USSR, a candidate for the title of world champion had a choice between party membership or emigration.
In the same 1984 Kasparov met actress Marina Neelova while visiting a married couple - figure skating coach Tatyana Tarasova and pianist Vladimir Krainev. Kasparov and Neelova, who was 16 years older than him, met for two years. AT 1987 In the year Neelova had a daughter, Nika, whose father Kasparov did not recognize himself.
autumn 1984 2009, the duel Karpov - Kasparov began, which was supposed to go up to six victories of one of the chess players (draws were not counted). In the first nine games, Kasparov lost four. After a long series of draws, the 27th game was again won by Karpov and took the lead with a score of 5:0. In the 32nd meeting, Kasparov won the first victory, and after next series won two more games of draws. According to experts, party and sports functionaries concerned about the course of the duel considered various ways rescue the reigning world champion. February, 15 1985 of the year, with a score of 5:3 in favor of Karpov, the match was stopped without declaring a winner due to the deteriorating health of the current champion.
A new match between Kasparov and Karpov was scheduled for autumn 1985 of the year. Three months before it began, Kasparov, in an interview with the West German magazine Der Spiegel, accused the Soviet Chess Federation of anti-Semitism. Three weeks before the start of the fight, a meeting of the USSR Chess Federation was scheduled, at which Kasparov was going to be disqualified for "anti-state performance." Kasparov turned to the head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev, whose intervention saved the situation. On September 1, a match began in Moscow according to new rules: the system of unlimited matches was replaced by a match of 24 games, with a score of 12:12 the champion retained his title. November 9 1985 22-year-old Kasparov defeated Karpov with a score of 13:11 and became the youngest, thirteenth world chess champion.
Later, Kasparov defended his champion title three times in rematches with Karpov: in 1986 year - in London (12.5:11.5), in 1987 year - in Seville (12:12), in 1990 year - in Lyon (12.5:11.5).
In the end 1985 Kasparov every Sunday held chess lessons in the Baku House of Pioneers on a gratuitous basis - after each lesson he was given a huge bouquet of flowers as a token of gratitude.
AT 1986 In the same year, Kasparov graduated from the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute. In the same year, Kasparov met Maria Arapova, a graduate of the Romano-Germanic department of the philological faculty of Moscow State University, who worked as a guide-translator at Intourist and was a translator at the Novosti Press Agency. 1989 year they got married.
AT 1987 Kasparov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for achievements in the field of chess. In the same year, the first meeting of the USSR Chess Union was held, created on the initiative of Kasparov as a counterbalance to the official federation.
In July 1989 year, Kasparov broke the previous achievement of Robert Fisher - 2780 Elo points, and in January 1990 the first year exceeded the mark of 2800 points.
In January 1990 Kasparov left Baku - massacres of Armenians began in the city. Kasparov chartered a plane from Moscow by phone, but it was impossible to get to it: all roads were blocked by militants of the Popular Front of Azerbaijan. According to some information, the grandmaster was helped by one of the most influential clans in Baku - the so-called "flower mafia": Kasparov was guaranteed protection, and his car reached the airfield without stopping.
Kasparov left the CPSU 1990 year, and took an active part in the creation of the Democratic Party of Russia (DPR) in May 1990 of the year. In the summer of the same year, Kasparov moved into the inner-party opposition, creating, together with Arkady Murashov, a free-democratic ("liberal") faction, which split the party and withdrew from the DPR in the spring 1991 of the year. October 5 1991 Kasparov founded the coalition of political parties "Liberal Union", which included the Party of Free Labor, the Party of Free Democrats and some members of the DPR. December 25 1991 On the initiative and with the money of Kasparov, one of the first private foundations, Freedom and Property, was formed, the goals of which were to promote the ideas of liberalism, create an appropriate research institute and provide material support to liberal politicians.
Summer 1993 Kasparov participated in the creation of the electoral bloc "Russia's Choice" and signed a statement on its creation. November 9 1993 Kasparov announced that he did not intend to run for the new parliament, since, remaining the world chess champion, he would not be able to work in it on a professional basis.
AT 1993 Kasparov left FIDE in the run-up to his next duel for the title of world chess champion - with the Englishman Nigel Short. Opponents, in order not to pay the interest due to FIDE, created their own organization - the Professional Chess Association (PCHA). Kasparov won the match in London (12.5:7.5) and became the PCHA world champion. FIDE, in turn, also held a match for the title of world champion, in which Karpov won against Jan Timman. Since then, there has been a division of the world chess champion title into two versions - FIDE and PCA, and some chess players began to play within both organizations (only on October 13 2006 year in Elista ended the match for the title of absolute world champion - a title that was recognized for the first time by both organizations. The champion was the Russian chess player Vladimir Kramnik, who defeated the Bulgarian Veselin Topalov. Kasparov played two more matches for the title of PCA World Chess Champion: in 1995 In 1994 he won in New York against Viswanathan Anand (10.5:7.5), and in 2000 year lost to Kramnik.
At the beginning 1990 years, Kasparov's wife went to Finland, where her parents then lived, and in 1993 She gave birth to a daughter, Polina, in the same year. The grandmaster himself remained in Moscow: according to some reports, by that time relations between Kasparov's wife and mother had become tense. After the duel with Short, Kasparov suggested that his wife get a divorce, check out of the Moscow apartment and give up further claims to his property. The divorce proceedings and the division of property lasted a year and a half.
AT 1995 year in Riga at the final banquet after the tournament in memory of Mikhail Tal, Kasparov met Yulia Vovk. At the beginning 1996 they got married, and in the autumn of the same year their son Vadim was born.
AT 1996 Kasparov took part in the election campaign of Boris Yeltsin, became a confidant of the president for campaigning in a number of regional centers of the so-called "red belt".
AT 1997 Kasparov agreed to become a financial adviser to General Alexander Lebed, who initiated the creation of the Third Force alliance and the Russian People's Republican Party. According to Kasparov, he managed to convince Lebed not to participate in the gubernatorial elections in the Tula region, but failed to dissuade him from fighting for the post of head of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, after which their relationship ended.
AT 1996 In Philadelphia, Kasparov won a match with IBM's Deep Blue computer, and in May of the following year he lost to the same machine in New York. Kasparov accused the computer team of not following the rules of the game, and IBM immediately dismantled Deep Blue.
In the end 1996 Kasparov began to create a virtual chess "Kasparov's Club". In the end 1998 A bilingual (in English and Russian) chess website "Kasparov's Club" (ClubKasparov.ru) was created, which quickly became one of the most popular on the Internet. Kasparov's unique achievement was his victory in a match against the rest of the world organized by Microsoft in 1999 year. Over 3 million people visited a site specially created for this purpose on the Internet during four months of intense and exciting struggle. According to experts, there has never been such an interest in a chess event in the entire previous history.
In June 1999 Kasparov signed a contract for the development of the site with investors from the Israeli company Poalim, after which KasparovChessOnline Inc. was created in Delaware (due to tax benefits). , and its offices opened in Tel Aviv, New York and Moscow. Due to the financial crisis in September 2002 The board of directors unanimously decided to terminate the company's activities. In December 2002 Israeli bank First International Bank of Israel (FIBI) accused Kasparov and part of the board of directors of KasparovChessOnline that the company did not repay a loan of $1.6 million and closed the website kasparovchess.com, which served as a money back guarantee. A Delaware court dismissed the FIBI bank's lawsuit against Kasparov.
AT 2003 In New York, Kasparov played a draw with computer programs Deep Junior and Deep Fritz.
In January 2004 year, Kasparov founded the public "Committee- 2008 : free choice. "According to Kasparov, until December 2003 years, his participation in politics was somewhat detached: "closing his eyes", he voted for the Union of Right Forces, and his mother - for Yabloko. By August 2005 year the declaration of the "Committee- 2008 "2322 people signed. Kasparov himself became the chairman. According to experts, it was originally assumed that the committee would become a "think tank" of Russian liberals and a platform for their consolidation into a single political structure, but things did not go beyond press releases and open letters criticizing the authorities . For 2004 years of activity of the "Committee- 2008 "mainly consisted of public statements on the current political situation: about the elections, about the terrorist attack in Beslan, about the danger of a constitutional coup, about the need to unite the democrats.
In November 2004 year Kasparov participated in the Russian chess championship. Karpov refused to play, but had to personally present the winner with an award from his foundation - a chess set made of semi-precious stones. After Kasparov's victory, Karpov did not come to the awards ceremony.
12 December 2004 year "Committee- 2008 "Kasparov took an active part in the holding of the All-Russian Civil Congress" For Democracy, Against Dictatorship ". According to experts, due to the weakness of the opposition and unwillingness to go into open conflict with the authorities, the clause on readiness to conduct mass actions of civil disobedience was rejected in the final declaration. On the other hand, at the request of Garry Kasparov, the phrase about the intention to conduct a dialogue with the authorities was also excluded.To organize further joint work, the forum participants decided to establish a permanent body - the Action Committee of the All-Russian Civil Congress.
In January 2005 year, Kasparov refused to play a unification match with FIDE world champion Uzbek Rustam Kasymdzhanov, scheduled for spring 2005 of the year. According to experts, this led to an increase in the split between FIDE and the PCA.
In March 2005 year, Kasparov won another super tournament in Linares in Spain and announced the end of his chess career in order to devote most of his time to social and political activities. At the same time, he stated that he was leaving only professional chess, but would conduct simultaneous sessions and play blitz games. According to experts, Kasparov lost his motivation to continue playing chess after the idea of combining the two world championship systems finally collapsed, and the reigning world champion Kramnik rejected all attempts by Kasparov to play with him. By that time, Kasparov was an eight-time Olympic champion and a two-time European champion as part of the national team, a two-time champion of the USSR and a champion of Russia, the winner of many super tournaments, the owner of 13 chess Oscars and a record Elo rating of 2851 points. As of January 1 2006 year, he was ranked first in the FIDE rating list with an Elo coefficient of 2812. In April 2006 year Kasparov was excluded from the rating list the best chess players world according to FIDE, as he did not play a single game during the year; Topalov ranked first with 2804 points.
In May 2005 Kasparov founded and headed the United Civil Front (UCF). The UHF called itself a structure whose main task is to unite the extra-parliamentary opposition on a common anti-Putin platform, regardless of political beliefs. Summer 2005 Kasparov carried out a large-scale propaganda trip to the regions of Russia, which in a number of places attracted the close attention of the special services, who several times tried to disrupt Kasparov's meetings with the population (for example, in the republics of the North Caucasus). Branches of the UCF were established in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Primorsky Krai, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Novosibirsk, Kaluga, Dagestan, Kostroma and Primorsky Krai. By this time, the activity of the "Committee- 2008 "was practically reduced to a minimum, and key leaders took up their own political projects.
Summer 2005 year it became known that Kasparov divorced his second wife and registered a marriage with a student of the University of Trade Unions of St. Petersburg Daria Tarasova, whom he met at the end 2004 year.According to Kasparov, leaving the sport and going into politics, he was forced to change "the whole algorithm of his personal life."
In July 2006 Kasparov became one of the organizers of the opposition forum "Other Russia", timed to coincide with the G8 summit in St. Petersburg. Russian presidential aide Igor Shuvalov said on the eve of the forum that the participation of officials from Western countries would be regarded by the Kremlin as an unfriendly gesture. The conference was attended by former Russian Prime Minister and leader of the People's Democratic Union Mikhail Kasyanov, MP Sergei Glazyev, leader of the National Bolsheviks Eduard Limonov and head of the Labor Russia movement Viktor Anpilov, British Ambassador to Russia Tony Brenton and US Deputy Secretary of State Daniel Fried . Representatives of Yabloko and the Union of Right Forces did not take part in the forum, and Mikhail Delyagin was expelled from the Rodina party for participating in The Other Russia. According to experts, the conference "Other Russia" became a review of the forces of the most radical opponents of the government and, perhaps, the start of their election campaign.
10th of November 2006 2009, the political conference of The Other Russia adopted a statement demanding that the Russian authorities bring the electoral legislation in line with the Russian constitution. Members of the political council appealed to President Putin, as well as the speakers of both houses of parliament, Sergei Mironov and Boris Gryzlov, with a demand "to fully restore the electoral rights of citizens in a short time, ensuring the abolition of legislative changes in recent years" (the call went unanswered). On the same day, it was decided to hold in December 2006 years of the "March of Dissent" in Moscow. An application to the Moscow City Hall for its holding was submitted in early December 2006 year, but the metropolitan government banned the procession. As a result, the march of supporters of the "Other Russia" was replaced by a rally near the monument to Mayakovsky on Triumphal Square. Explaining the reluctance to take people to an unauthorized march, Kasparov said: "We will not endanger those who are here."
In March 2007 year Kasyanov addressed the participants of the "March of Dissent" in St. Petersburg. According to Nezavisimaya Gazeta, this rally received mixed reviews from observers, some of whom accused the marchers of extremism. The publication wrote that Kasparov and another leader of the Other Russia, Mikhail Kasyanov, spoke at a rally sanctioned by the authorities. At the same time, it was noted that they did not take part in the procession, about the inadmissibility of which the governor of the city Valentina Matvienko had previously spoken.
In April 2007 Kasparov acted as one of the organizers of the new "March of Dissent" planned by the "Other Russia" in Moscow. According to the press, it was originally planned to hold a procession in the center of the capital - on Pushkin Square and Tverskaya Street. However, shortly before the scheduled day, the city authorities announced that they had agreed with the organizing committee of the "March of Dissent" to change the route and form of the event - now it was supposed to hold not a procession, but a rally on Turgenevskaya Square. Kasparov disputed this statement: according to him, there were no agreements with the Moscow government to hold a rally on Turgenevskaya Square instead of the announced march. "We are going to Pushkinskaya and will look for an opportunity to pass peacefully from Pushkinskaya to Turgenevskaya," he said. 14th of April 2007 Kasparov took part in the "March of Dissent" in Moscow. According to a number of media reports, the action was accompanied by mass detentions and beatings of its participants, as well as journalists covering the march. Kasparov himself was detained shortly after the march began. Later, the police dispersed a spontaneous rally in his defense, which took place near the Presnensky police department, where he was taken. On the same day, Kasparov was released, but the justice of the peace fined him 1,000 rubles "for shouting anti-government slogans." The politician's lawyers, calling the court's decision "illegal and unreasonable," said they intended to appeal it to a higher authority.
May 18 2007 a number of media reported that Kasparov, who was about to fly to Samara to participate in the next "March of Dissent", as well as Limonov, human rights activist Lev Ponomarev and a number of representatives of the "Other Russia" (about 25 people) were detained at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport. Kasparov, Limonov and Ponomarev had documents and tickets, explaining that the numbers of the tickets presented by the passengers were not in the airport database. After the detainees gave explanations about the tickets, the documents were returned to them, but the flight had already departed by that time. According to a representative of the Sheremetyevo Airport Department of Internal Affairs, the opposition leaders had the opportunity to fly to Samara on the same day on other flights, but they refused to do so. In this regard, some publications stated that since the organizers failed to ensure the “popularity” of the action in Samara, Limonov and Kasparov “found a reason why it would be possible not to go to Samara”.
In July 2007 year, after Kasyanov's break with the "Other Russia", Kasparov acknowledged the existence of "serious differences" that are "deep, difficult to overcome at this stage in nature" within the political meeting "The Other Russia". The reason for their emergence was the question of the procedure for determining a single candidate from the opposition in the upcoming presidential elections: Kaspar's UCF insisted on a transparent and democratic procedure for nominating a candidate, Kasyan's Russian People's Democratic Union (RNDS) proposed a variant in which the list of candidates was limited to representatives of each of the four organizations participating in the "Other Russia" (one representative from each). Following Kasyanov, the "Other Russia" was left by its founders - Lyudmila Alekseeva, Georgy Satarov and Alexander Auzan. "The main crack lay between M. Kasyanov and G. Kasparov... We cannot take part in an event that was conceived as a coalition, but has become separate," they said in their statement.
In September 2007 2009, the Moscow publishing house Eksmo refused to publish Kasparov's book Chess as a Model of Life, which was supposed to be presented that same month at a book fair in Moscow. The press service of the publishing house announced the postponement of the release date of the book for an indefinite period without explanation. Subsequently, the publishing house, according to Lenta.Ru, explained the refusal by the absence of the necessary agreement with the author. Kasparov himself saw an obvious political motive in what happened: according to him, the postponement of the publication of the book was an attempt to "block the channels" of communication between the opposition and the citizens of the country.
September 30th 2007 year, the congress of the coalition "Other Russia" elected Kasparov as a single candidate in the presidential elections 2008 year (he received 379 out of 498 votes). At the same time, at the congress, the coalition approved the list of candidates for the upcoming parliamentary elections - despite the fact that opposition representatives had practically no chances to register it (the law allows only parties registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation to participate in elections). In a conversation with a representative of the newspaper "Kommersant" Kasparov said: "In the top three we have the former head of the Central Bank Viktor Gerashchenko, the leader of the National Bolsheviks Eduard Limonov and I."
In October 2007 2009, the co-chairs of the All-Russian Civil Congress (VGK) Alekseeva, Satarov and Auzan published an open letter in which they appealed to the fourth co-chairman - Kasparov - with a call to suspend his activities as co-chairman of this structure. "Combining the post of congress co-chairman with biased political activity, for example, his own presidential nomination, is not very correct, this is a conflict of interest," Satarov explained the position of human rights activists. In response to this appeal to him, Kasparov said that he was not yet ready to make a final decision on this matter.
In December 2007 year, Kasparov dropped out of the presidential race, never joining it. It was noted that the meeting of the initiative group to nominate his candidacy for the presidency of the Russian Federation was to be held at the Mir cinema on December 13 2007 year, however, the administration of the cinema, citing technical problems, at the last moment in the provision of premises refused. According to the executive director of the UHF, Denis Bilunov, the cinema staff was threatened with a tax audit and the closure of the premises for a month if the meeting was held there. Bilunov turned to the head of the CEC, Vladimir Churov, and in his message spoke about the situation. However, the response, signed by a technical officer of the Central Election Commission, emphasized that, according to the law, the meeting of the initiative group of at least 500 people must be held on time, and the CEC must be notified of the time and place of the event no later than five days before it. , and no other options are foreseen for self-nominated candidates. Thus, according to Bilunov, the electoral committee de facto removed Kasparov from the start of the presidential race, since December 13 was the last day when it was still possible to hold the meeting on time.
12 December 2007 At the All-Russian Civil Congress congress in Moscow, Kasparov said: "My presidential campaign ends tomorrow, because there is no hall in all of Moscow to hold a meeting of my initiative group." In turn, representatives of the Central Election Commission expressed bewilderment about Kasparov's statement. In particular, Aleksey Kissin, deputy head of the legal department of the CEC, noted: "In Russia in general and in Moscow in particular, there are many premises where it is possible to gather for a variety of purposes."
In the same place, at the congress, Kasparov, Alekseeva and Satarov were re-elected as co-chairs of the All-Russian Civil Congress, while Auzan was not among the co-chairs. Kommersant described the congress as an event at which "the discussion turned into a showdown between the members of the Supreme High Command that lasted a whole day." Already in January 2008 The conflict in the leadership of the Supreme High Command reached its highest point: Alekseeva and Satarov announced that they were leaving the posts of co-chairmen of the organization. According to them, in the case of the Supreme High Command, a situation has developed when "the most negative of the current Russian political practice is being introduced into the work of a civil organization," and therefore they do not see the possibility of further cooperation with Kasparov. In turn, Kasparov expressed surprise and regret in connection with the departure of Alekseeva and Satarov. "This is a very sad story," he said, noting that "many who identify themselves as adherents of democracy are allergic to democratic procedures."
In March 2008 Dmitry Medvedev, who had previously held the post of first vice-premier of the government of the country, was elected the new president of Russia. In May of the same year, the ceremony of his inauguration took place, the confirmation of Putin as Prime Minister of Russia.
In the same month, the Other Russia coalition made another attempt to unite the opposition by initiating the creation of an "alternative parliament." May 17 2008 2009, a meeting of the National Assembly was held in Moscow, bringing together, as reported in the press, representatives of 85 organizations from 66 regions of Russia. Assembly participants promised to restore political democracy in the country. Elected to the presidium of the National Assembly, Kasparov, in his speech at the opening of the "alternative parliament", called the assembly "a unique phenomenon in Russian history", since it became "the first representative body not imposed from above by the authorities." The UHF leader said that the National Assembly should become a counterbalance to the "flawed, illegitimate, shameful State Duma."
In September 2008 Kasparov represented Russia at a meeting with dissidents and human rights activists from states with authoritarian regimes, organized as part of the opening of the UN General Assembly in New York.
December 13-14 2008 year in Khimki, near Moscow, the founding congress of the new opposition movement "Solidarity" was held. Kasparov, who entered the presidium and political council of the movement, even before the approval of his program, said that the goal of Solidarity was "not the destruction, but the dismantling of the regime." The researchers noted that two trends immediately took shape in the new movement: supporters of Nemtsov and supporters of Kasparov, who fought for seats in the political council at the founding congress. The election of the head of the executive committee of "Solidarity" was scheduled for February 2009 year, this post was taken by Kasparov's associate Denis Bilunov.
In February 2009 year, on the eve of the first meeting of the political council of Solidarity, Kasparov, Nemtsov and the head of the Energy Policy Institute Vladimir Milov presented their plan to combat the economic crisis. They saw the main reason for the deterioration of the economic situation in the country in "Putin's model of state organization." Accordingly, "the main anti-crisis measure should be the immediate resignation of Vladimir Putin and his government," followed by political reform. To implement it, members of the party's political council expressed their readiness to "cooperate with anyone... Even with President Medvedev, although he also has problems with legitimacy."
In September 2009 2009, in the Spanish city of Valencia, a match between Kasparov and Karpov took place, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of their match for the world title. The match consisted of four games with "fast" time control (25 minutes for each opponent) and eight blitz games (5 minutes for each player). In the end, Kasparov defeated Karpov again.
Kasparov is the author of numerous chess books. Kasparov wrote his first book, The Test of Time, at the age of 20. Other publications and public appearances, according to experts, allowed Kasparov to create an image of a chess researcher and publicist. One of his latest works - "My Great Predecessors" - consists of several volumes and is dedicated to all previous world chess champions. 2005 Kasparov announced that he had begun writing a book about how life imitates chess, the rights to which were bought in 17 countries. At the same time, it was noted that Kasparov does not have and never had his own chess school, since he was not attracted to classes with beginners.
Kasparov is an active supporter of the "New Chronology" theory, which claims the historical falsification of the "genuine" chronology. He even wrote a preface to the book by Anatoly Fomenko and Gleb Nosovsky "Introduction to a new chronology (What century do we live in?)".
Ironically, none of his children play chess. Viva! recalls well-known and not-so-famous facts from the biography of the 13th world chess champion, writer, the most influential Russian oppositionist in the West, personal enemy Kremlin and recognized playboy Garry Kasparov.
1. Head coach and adviser - mother.“I can be frank with her, like with no one else. At critical moments, you hear a voice that you used to believe for many years. Each of us needs someone whom you can trust, to express everything without concealment, calling a spade a spade. And then most often you yourself understand what to do. Mom jokes that she absorbs my stress.”
2. The first serious romance was with a famous actress.“Our close communication with Marina Neelova lasted more than two years. She was 16 years older than me, like all my then girlfriends. Partly because I grew up so fast. But rather more due to the fact that peers, as a rule, sought to get married as soon as possible. Of course, I could not even think about this, as I was preparing for my first match for the world championship. Everything - my health, my training, my aspirations - was subordinated to this goal. On the other hand, I was a normal young man with normal needs and desires. Not a monk at all. It is quite possible that our union was also based on a sense of our exclusivity.
3. Garry Kasparov did not recognize his daughter from Marina Neelova.“We had a relationship. They were not fixed, moreover, they were in no way limited to the two of us. They ended, probably, not very well, but, nevertheless, I had no reason to believe that I left her with the child. In any case, I believe that if I had something to do with a child, then life would have turned out differently.
4. In 2005, Garry Kasparov changed chess for politics.“There are too many generals and colonels in Russian politics and little intelligence. I hope that my ability to strategic thinking help my country."
5. Garry Kasparov considers chess players to be ordinary people. Luzhin's Defense, Zweig's chess short stories - great literature, unfortunately, has created clichés that cannot withstand any collision with reality. It is clear that there are people with their oddities. But there are no more of them than in any other mental activity that requires tension.
6. With the third wife of Garry Kasparov - 19 years difference.“I met my wife in St. Petersburg, at a lecture on alternative history. I was married, I had a son, but I decided to divorce. I realized that Dasha and I are on the same wavelength and I practically don’t feel the 19-year age difference. Now I'm driving extremely exemplary image life and I like it very much. Even though I am constantly on the move. After all, I don’t have an oil well or a candle factory, I live mainly due to lectures.
7. Has a reputation as a playboy.“At 22, I became a world champion, I had money, status, opportunities. All this created a lot of temptations. Therefore, life, let's say, was rather chaotic. Fans did not besiege the entrance, but there is something to remember. There was less confusion than you might think, but still enough.
8. Garry Kasparov goes in for sports every day.“In the late 90s, I had perfect athletic tone, I did 100 push-ups. For me, having a routine has always been important. It doesn't matter what it is - the main thing is that it be. Whenever possible, you need to sleep. I try to sleep during the day. In addition, it is important to eat properly and qualitatively. Naturally, I have never smoked, I have no need for alcohol. For me, four weeks at sea is a recovery, six weeks is a recharge. Walking, swimming, proper food plus an hour a day are sports. You can do push-ups and pump the press without any simulators.
9. Garry Kasparov considers Putin to be Hitler's successor.“I have a feeling that Putin instinctively tries to repeat even the rhythm of Hitler's speeches. How he does it is another matter, but the style of statements has long become the style of the Third Reich. Many psychological moments in his behavior with world leaders are a copy of what the Fuhrer did. And I guess the final part of the equation will be the same."
10. Garry Kasparov's favorite number is 13.“I must in every possible way support the magical faith in the power of the number 13, because I have a lot connected with it: I was born on April 13, became the 13th world champion. Although, it must be said that most of our superstitions are made up of a set of facts that are already analyzed after the fact. We put together for ourselves a kind of mosaic picture that has successfully lined up, and then we begin to adjust everything to fit it. Accordingly, what does not fit into it, we carefully push aside.
