Street map. OpenStreetMap - modern topographic maps. Disadvantages of topographic maps of the General Staff

To navigate the terrain, maps need to be loaded into the device with which you will go to this area - capable of receiving a GPS signal, drawing a map and your position on it. If the device can still lay a route, it's generally good.

Today we will talk about converting OpenStreetMap maps for displaying them in Russa or Navitel Navigator programs. Accordingly, these maps can be downloaded to devices running one of these programs.

Generally speaking, you can download ready-made maps of some regions of Russia and some other countries, however, these maps do not cover the whole world and are not always made as we would like. By converting the card yourself, you can achieve much more, if you don't mind the time, of course.

Briefly and for those who know, the conversion looks like this: .osm -> .mp -> .rus / .nm2

Disclaimer - I describe the method that I use myself. If you know an easier way - you are welcome to write in the comments.

Now, in detail:

1) Download.osm
.osm is a vector map format for OpenStreetMap. From is based on XML, i.e. actually text.
You can get the .osm file in the following ways:
1. Download editors: JOSM or Merkaartor. Just download the map rectangle you need from the server and save it to a file. I personally prefer to use JOSM, but you need to install Java for it.
2. Download a ready-made map of a certain region from one of the hosting sites, for example:
- geofabrik.de - whole continents and countries, some countries are divided into provinces/states/regions
- cloudmade.com - the whole world by country, some countries are divided into provinces/states/regions
Just download the file and extract bz2.
3. Download manually via XAPI
To work with XAPI, you need to make an HTTP request to the server, nothing complicated, everything is written at the link.

2) Cut .osm into pieces(If you want to)
.osm files, especially those prepared by country, are quite large and do not undergo subsequent conversion (see below). So they have to be cut.
For cutting, I use a splitter , by default it makes .osm files somewhere around 120 MB, which then almost always go through subsequent conversion. If necessary, the splitter can be configured with parameters command line.
The splitter requires Java to work.
Also keep in mind that in Russa, routing works only with one loaded map. Those. if a map of one country is cut into pieces and loaded into Russa as an atlas, routing will not work.

3) Convert .osm to .mp
.mp is an ancient Polish map storage format. It is good because it is textual and quite human-readable, well, a lot of programs understand it.
For conversion I use osm2mp program. Unfortunately, the program requires Perl to be installed and is not very easy to use.
One way or another, after installing and configuring Perl (described at the link) and downloading osm2mp, the program can be used.
An arbitrary .osm file needs to be sorted beforehand - processed with the attached osmsort.pl script
Then you need to call osm2mp.pl with the conversion parameters.
Through lengthy experiments, I wrote a set of .bat files for myself, for example, a standard conversion with an eye for Russa:
echo Start %date% %time% >> std_err.log echo %1 >> std_err.log perl.exe osmsort.pl %1 > temp_del.osm 2>> std_err.log perl.exe osm2mp.pl --header header_russa. tpl temp_del.osm > %1.mp 2>> std_err.log echo Finish %date% %time% >> std_err.log
You need to call such a .bat file with 1 parameter - the name (and full path) of the .osm file
1st line writes the date and time of the start of the conversion to the std_err.log file
The 2nd line writes the name of the .osm file to the std_err.log file
3rd line executes osmsort, information about the progress of the process (and errors) goes to the std_err.log file
4th line executes osm2mp, information about the progress of the process (and errors) goes to the std_err.log file
The 5th line writes the date and time of the end of the conversion to the std_err.log file
(The path to perl.exe must be written either in the system or in your .bat file)

To convert maps of foreign countries, it is desirable to include transliteration - or even names. For example, by adding following options"--nametaglist int_name,name:en,name,name:ru,ref,int_re f,addr:housenumber,operator --translit" right after "osm2mp.pl"

To convert with an eye to Navitel, you need to download a set of osm2navitel configuration files, rename the files there respectively to header_navitel.tpl, poly_navitel.cfg and poi_navitel.cfg; and add parameters "--osmbbox --navitel --disableuturns --header header_navitel.tpl --cfgpoly poly_navitel.cfg --cfgpoi poi_navitel.cfg" to the call to osm2mp.pl

For other conversions, you can also prepare poly*.cfg, poi*.cfg and header*.tpl

Large map may not convert - e.g. 32-bit Perl is limited to 2GB random access memory, as a result, osm2mp cannot handle .osm files with a size of anywhere from 700MB, and sometimes crashes with a memory error on significantly smaller cards. In this case, the card must be cut (see step 2).

4) Convert .mp to .rus (or .nm2)
For this purpose, there is an excellent program GPSMapEdit, which, as the name suggests, is also an editor. It is enough to load the .mp file in GPSMapEdit and make Export to the required format.
But there are a few pitfalls:
- .rus (and .nm2) files saved from GPSMapEdit have a size limit of 16MB. According to my estimates, this equates to about 120MB of an .mp file, or about 600MB of an osm file.
- .nm2 files for Navitel 3.2.* versions are very demanding on the absence of errors on the map, so if "Export failed" occurs - you will have to fix the error on the displayed map, either select a different format, or convert the map with different settings (see step 3).

P.S. , and then convert to .rus or .nm2.

In this article, I will share simple and convenient tools (maps and programs) that I use myself to plan my easy walking routes and navigate them in the process.

Disadvantages of topographic maps of the General Staff

Topographic maps of the General Staff (usually paper or already scanned) are good, as they provide high-quality standardized information about the area. But it is not always possible to have sufficiently detailed maps. And it is impossible to use them “quickly” by opening the cards on a computer or smartphone. They are not presented as a whole and each area has to be searched individually and in advance.

Having performed a certain dance with a tambourine, you can bind the map scan to the coordinates in special programs and upload it to the navigator yourself. But again, this must be done in advance, you need a navigator, skill and time. And if you decide to just take a walk on vacation in a huge park or suddenly get lost somewhere in nature (especially in mountainous areas) and want to find a path? In such a situation, a once-installed application on a smartphone will surely help you out.

In addition, there are other goodies that are missing in topographic maps, which I will talk about later.

Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning a good service that connected the maps of the General Staff into a combined online map - Routes.ru. But so far I have not found such cards in applications on smartphones.

- modern topographic maps

For myself, I have long found a replacement that covers most of my goals (simple tracking). These are maps based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) data.

These are open non-commercial online maps all over the world created jointly by the participants of this project.
To create maps, data from personal GPS trackers, aerial photographs, video recordings, satellite imagery and street panoramas provided by some companies, as well as project participants.

In fact, this is data about objects created by a huge community of people different ways. And anyone can freely build maps based on this data.

So why is OSM better? topographic cartgenstaff?

1. Completeness of coverage. They represent the whole world.
2. Detail and precision provided information about the terrain and the location of objects.
3. hiking trails. A large number of accurate information about hiking trails based on GPS trackers. And this is what allows you to use the map for direct navigation along the trails. And if you find yourself in conditions of unexpected snowfall and a swept path, poor visibility, such information will help you find the lost path. It has saved me many times.
4. Lots of easy to use programs and services for various devices and operating systems using these cards. All thanks to an open license. Most of them provide the ability to save maps offline on your device for navigating the area without using the Internet.
5. Possibility map export into all sorts of formats. Be it PNG, JPEG, SVG, PDF, PostScript or even Garmin and Polish format for other navigation software.
6. Some programs and services overlay these maps with data from other maps and sources adding information and functionality. For example, data from Wikimapia
7. If you have internet, you can load the desired area on the spot.

In addition, there is everything that is in topographic maps:

1. Terrain type. Rocks, forests, fields, rivers, reservoirs and all the rest.
2. The presence altitude information(OpenCycleMap, Landscape, OpenTopoMap).
3. Water sources

The list of advantages is far from complete and represents only what most clearly reflects the advantages from my point of view and for my purposes (tracking).

OSM based maps

The main and first map built on these data has the same name OpenStreetMap and is located at the address of the project itself. Often represents more useful information about the terrain than the next two, but does not display altitude.

These maps are available online both on the osm site itself and on its own domain.
The most interesting layers for tracking with heights are actually OpenCycleMap and Landscape (available only at http://www.opencyclemap.org).

Map (layer) Landscape, in my opinion, represents more information about the area.

Recently discovered these cards. Despite their name, they are also built on the OpenStreetMap database, but more like topographic maps and are similar in many ways to the Landscape layer mentioned above.

Wikimapia
The slogan of the project: "Let's describe the whole world!". An international project, an online geographic encyclopedia whose goal is to tag and describe all geographic features on Earth. And they do it very successfully. Wikimapia has over 2.4 million registered users and over 26 million features added to the map (as of 2016). The project uses various maps on its website, including OSM. On them and displays these objects. Wikimapia data often uses other services to overlay their maps.

Programs for a computer with OSM maps

To plan a route on a computer, you can use online maps in a browser. But this is not very convenient.

I am using the program SAS.Planet for Windows. The program accumulates all of the above cards except Landscape. As well as many other cards including General Staff cards from the service Routes.ru, GoogleMaps, YandexMaps and many others.

You can overlay data from other maps and databases on one card, thus creating personal information. Allows you to plot routes, measure distances, save marks, export maps and data to other formats. Allows you to connect a navigator and much more.

(literally " open card streets"), abbreviated OSM— a non-commercial web mapping project to create a detailed free and free geographical map peace.

Maps are created using data from personal GPS trackers, aerial photographs, video recordings, satellite imagery and street panoramas provided by some companies, as well as the knowledge of the person drawing the map. Use to create maps of services like Google Maps, without the permission of the copyright holder is impossible.

OpenStreetMap uses the principle of a wiki to create a map. Each registered user can make changes to the map.

Now we will begin our story about how to make changes and additions to this rather detailed, developing and easy-to-use map.

First you need to go to the official OSM website http://www.openstreetmap.org/. You can enter the site either using your personal mailbox or by linking an existing account in various communities, the icons of which are shown in the figure:

After entering the site, we will have the same picture as in the header photo of the blog. The page header contains the main menu with all the supported commands and features.

Now a completely logical question arises: how to edit the map after all?

The map can be edited both online, using two online editors: iD and Potlatch 2, and offline, using the editor installed on the computer. The second method is convenient for those who have a very low Internet speed or there are restrictions on the traffic used, where all changes can be made on your computer and then sent to the OSM server. Edits are sent as an XML file, so they will not have a significant impact on traffic.

In this article, we will edit the map online using the iD editor, because. iD and Potlatch 2 editors work in the same way, only Potlatch 2 allows you to map more different classes of objects and because of this it is more slow. For drawing and editing on the road map, a fast iD editor is quite enough.

In the upper left corner, we have three highlighted items "Edit", "History" and "Export". Moreover, the "Edit" item is inactive. When you hover over it with the mouse cursor, a hint appears that you need to zoom in to edit.

After the map is enlarged to the required scale, the "Edit" button will become active, when you click on it, a pop-up menu will appear where you can select the necessary map editor.

Select the iD editor and start working with the map. You can make changes to the map both manually, using satellite images provided by the OSM service, and by plotting paths obtained from the tracks saved in the navigator. The following image shows the map editing window with the iD editor. Editing will become available only after zooming in, and the scale must be very large. The figure shows the extremely small scale, which is available for editing. As you can see, this scale is not very suitable for plotting objects from space images, but it can be used for plotting roads using GPS tracks.

As you can see, the editor is very simple and allows you to map only three types of objects: a point, a line, and a polygon. As you might guess, a dot is the name of a certain place or a point object, a line is roads, a polygon is various areas (forests, settlements, houses, etc.).

On the toolbar on the right, only two buttons are of interest:

substrate setting. Those. what will be displayed on the map (Google snapshot, OSM map, etc.)

card data. Here, with the help of this button, GPS tracks are loaded into the editor, and also select those classes of objects that should be displayed or hidden on the map when editing.

And now let's figure out how to put objects on the map. I saw that in the ride the route passed in places along forest roads that are not on the OSM map. This deficiency needs to be corrected. To do this, download a real GPS track from Rafael and start plotting roads on a map using a real GPS track. In this example, I want to draw a beautiful forest path that we had before a halt at the lake. Here is a photo of this track:

The track is loaded, now you need to draw this road.

In the figure, the loaded real track is shown in pink, white line along the track is the mapped road. Any applied object can be edited. To do this, simply select it with the mouse cursor. The object does not have to be yours. To complete the drawing of the line on the map, click on the last point. The start and end points of the line are important because they determine the direction of movement. This is especially important when drawing one-way roads and rivers. But at any time the direction of movement can be changed by selecting the appropriate icon that appears after the activation of the object. On an existing object, you can change the position of existing points, add your own (drag the arrow located between the points), and delete points. Those. there is nothing complicated here.

When you select a newly plotted object, the object type menu appears on the left side of the screen

We have a road, so we choose it. After that, a list of possible roads will appear. We have a forest road, so we choose it

After that, we enter the necessary attributes of the forest road. These attributes are important for OSM maps, because in the future automatic navigation is made on them depending on the selected vehicle, as well as the ability to display the object on the map, when discarding unnecessary objects (let’s say Ferrari won’t go along the forest road, so the driver of such a car doesn’t want field and forest paths littered the map and participated in automatic route planning).

For the created road, I entered the following attributes:

Coating: unpaved

Width: 3m

Legal access: bicycle, motor transport, equestrians, pedestrians

Country road type: Rather soft: rolled soil mixed with hard materials

Patency: Strong wheels: hybrid bikes, cars, rickshaws

Difficulty of the mountain bike trail: 0: Smooth gravel/compacted ground, no obstacles, wide turns

Difficulty of mountain biking: 0: Medium lift<10%, гравий/утоптанная земля, без препятствий

Any action can be canceled before the data is sent to the server. If you forgot to define an object type or assign attributes to it, but at the same time reached the step of entering a comment, the last step can be canceled (clicking "Save") by closing the comment input window, while the unsaved object will not disappear anywhere.

These are unofficial, free maps. They are created by the Internet community Open Street Map (OSM). Another definite plus is that more than one person makes them, each registered user can make changes to the map. Constantly updated and and in many regions have more up-to-date information at the moment than official maps.

Instructions for installing OpenStreetMap maps for Navitel Navigator:

1. Make a copy of the memory card (just in case)
2. Copy the necessary *.nm2 files to any folder on the device or memory card (eg /sdcard/NavitelContent/Maps/AtlasOSM). If the regions do not border on each other, then in order for the route to be laid correctly, add a file with an overview map of Russia (Russia-overview-osm-nm2) to the folder with the selected maps.
3. In the Navitel program, open Menu - Settings - Map - Open atlas - middle icon with a folder at the bottom - select a folder and click "ok" (green checkmark)
4. After the indexing process is completed, the maps will be available for navigation

IMPORTANT! Maps of the OSM project are created in the only NM2 format, they work perfectly with the navigation program Navitel Navigator version 5.0.3 and below (better in version 3.5) without failures and restrictions. Also, OSM maps work well on versions of Navitel Navigator up to 9.10.xxxx