Carom 7 chips. Rules for playing billiards - Carom (French billiards). Carom in dancing

7 chips on a pyramid table

1 Tables, balls and equipment

The game of seven chips is played on pyramid billiard tables with a set of three balls and seven chips using cues, cars and crayons that meet FBSR standards.
The balls with which the game is played are marked. Two of them white color, they can have their own numbers and are used in the game as object balls. The third ball is different in color, it has no number and is always used in the game as a cue ball.
The chips used to play the game must be light and have a shape that contributes to their reflection from the balls, so as not to have a significant impact on the nature of the movement of the balls on the playing surface of the table.
In this game, in addition to the balls, there are 7 more chips: 4 small ones 70 mm high, 2 medium ones - 80 mm and one large one - "King" - 90 mm. The configuration and dimensions of the chips are shown in the figure.
The bottom of the chip is slightly concave (for better stability on the billiard cloth).

2 Initial position of chips and balls on the table

The chips on the table are arranged as follows:

A large chip - "King" - is placed in the center of the billiards on point 2;
small - around the king at a distance of the diameter of the ball plus 2 mm, so that the ball passes between the chips.
Two middle chips are placed on the points located on the line passing through the centers of the short boards, so that the gap between the ball standing on the 1st or 3rd point and directed into the side pocket and the chip is 5 mm. (See pic.)

Rules of the game

3 Hitting the cue ball, object ball and kickoff

The cue ball is hit and the kickoff is played in accordance with general rules pyramid games. When the cue ball hits the object ball, it is enough to touch them, without bringing the balls to the board.

4 Purpose of the game

The goal of the seven-chip game is to write off all the points provided for by the game before the opponent, knocking down the chips with correct hits object balls from the board(s).

5 Scoring

The number of points awarded to the player for downed chips has some features:

For chips standing on the first and third standard points of the table, 30 points are awarded;
- for the central piece "King", if it is knocked down together with any adjacent piece, 25 points are awarded;
- for the central piece “King”, if it is knocked down alone, and all four pieces around it remain standing, 50 points are awarded;
- 100 points are awarded for all five central chips;
- for the side chips, standing near the central one, 5 points are awarded;
- for all seven knocked down chips, a victory is awarded if they are knocked down by a correct blow, and if they are knocked down with a violation, then the number of points from which the game began (300, 500, etc.) is added to the current score.

For correctly knocked down chips, points are deducted from the player's current account, and for penalty chips, points are added to the current account.

If the cue ball hit the object ball without touching the balls, 5 points are added to the offender's current score for such a hit. If the cue ball hits the pocket, a penalty is imposed by adding 5 points.

6 Playing the game

Before the start of the game, the opponents are determined by a fixed amount of points, which they must write off during the game from their account (for example: 300, 500, etc.)
Correct strikes and writing off points from your score provides for a certain sequence of player actions. In this case, two options are possible:
1. The player hits the object ball directly with the cue ball, then the object ball must touch the board (boards) and only after that the object ball correctly knocks down the chip (chips) directly or from the boards;
2. The player hits the cue ball into the board or several boards, then the cue ball must hit the object ball, and only after that the object ball correctly knocks down the chip (chips) directly or from the boards.

The transfer of movement from one ball to another, followed by knocking down chips with an object ball (balls), requires a mandatory touch of the board before this.

The player continues the series of strokes until he completes the game by writing off all his points, or does not knock down a single chip, or violates the rules of the game.

The initial blow is made by the cue ball "from home" on the object ball, installed in the zone of the third point.

All points that the player is awarded consecutively for correct hits are deducted from the player's current account.

If a player in the process of hitting or a series knocks down any chip with a cue ball or violates the rules of the game, then the entire amount of knocked down points is credited to the penalty.

If the player does not knock down a single chip during the strike, or violates the rules of the game, the opponent enters the game, accepting the current position of the balls on the table.

If, as a result of a hit, the cue ball or object ball leaves the playing field of the table, then the hit is counted as a penalty. The object ball is placed on the table in the zones of the first or third points (on the side opposite to the position of the second object ball). The jumped-out cue ball is put into play with a hit "from the hand from the house", and the object balls are set to their points.

If an object ball is pocketed into a pocket(s), the player is awarded 5 points for each pocketed ball and is entitled to continue the series. The object ball is placed on the table in the zones of the first or third points (on the side opposite to the position of the second object ball).

A carom strike according to the scheme: "hitting the cue ball on one object ball, then the cue ball on another object ball" is counted as 5 points and gives the right to continue the series of strikes.

There are two variants of the carom strike.
1st option - the cue ball hits an object ball, then touches another object ball.
2nd option - Custom carom. The player before the strike announces the order - "Carom". If "Carom" occurs after the hit, then 5 points are counted. If "Carom" did not take place, then the player is penalized by 5 points.

On any free kick, the opponent of the offender has the right to force the offender to continue the game from the established position.

If during the game the ball or balls stop at the points where the chips should be located near the 1st and 3rd points, and placing chips on their points is impossible, then it is placed on the point located in the center of the segment connecting the 1st and the central or the 3rd and center points of the billiard table.

If during the game the ball or balls stop at the points where chips should be located near the central point of the billiard table, and placing chips on their points is impossible, then they are installed according to the scheme indicated in the table.

Historical digression

Mankind learned to play with balls so long ago that no, even approximate, date of their occurrence has been preserved in history. Many researchers of the history of billiards believe that this game came to Europe from Asia.

There are many ways to play billiards. There is an American, there is Russian billiards, there is an English kind of billiards - snooker, and there is a French one - carom. That's what we'll talk about, because this is a non-standard game that requires special skills and abilities.

Fans of billiards associate its popularity in Europe with the French king Louis XI, since at the end of the 15th century he ordered a personal billiard table for himself. However, the first recorded mention of a three-ball game (one red and two white with colored marks) dates back to 1775. At first, carom was played on ordinary billiard tables with pockets, but already at the beginning of the 19th century, special pocketless tables were made for this game.

Women got the right to play billiards much later than men. And most likely, thanks to the love for this "male" game of crowned women. As you know, Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots), Empress Anna Ioannovna, loved to play billiards, during which billiard tables were in hotels, taverns and even barracks. Actually, billiards appeared in Russia under Peter I, who brought the first table for carom from Holland. And only much later in Russia they began to play on tables with pockets, after which the “Russian pyramid” appeared.

Basic types and rules of the game

So, carom, as well as other varieties of billiards, has several subspecies. Although the overall goal of the game is to score the most points, the methods for accumulating them vary by species.

In the "Single-breasted carom" they usually use a white, yellow and red ball. The game is played up to 30 or 60 points.

Players take a series of shots, each of which must end with the cue ball hitting the object ball, either after hitting one or more sides, or after hitting the object ball, touch the side and hit the second object ball.

In the "Three-breasted carom" you also need to score from 30 to 60 points. Each hit is worth a point, which is awarded if the cue ball hits an object ball, then touches three or more sides and hits a second object ball. Variants are also possible when the cue ball hits three or more sides, and then touches two object balls. Or the cue ball hits object balls mixed with touching the sides.

Carom "Open Party" is played up to 400 or 500 points. It differs in that corner zones are allocated on the billiard table, in which only one carom can be made, after which the partner's red ball or cue ball must be knocked out of this zone.

The difference between the next two types of carom "Frame 47/1" and "Frame 74/2" is in the layout of the table and the number of caroms that can be made in each zone (the size of the zones and the number of caroms are clear from the name). The player must score in each game 15 points to win, and the score of the games - up to three wins.

In the Mediterranean countries, the game "Carom with chips" is popular, the meaning of which is that points are scored not only by performing correct hits, but also by knocking down chips.

The most interesting and spectacular variety of the game is Artistic Carom, which is gaining more and more popularity. Since 1986, even world championships have been held in this kind of billiards. In this type of carom, there are 76 mandatory positions, for each of which you need to hit with a strictly regulated number of contacts of the cue ball with object balls and sides. Points are awarded for each correct hit from 4 to 11 (depending on difficulty). To achieve the result, strikes are used (extreme cuts, mass strikes), which are not used in other types of billiards.

Features of carom billiard table

The peculiarity of tables for playing carom is that they are made with heated plates. For what? Since the ball makes rotational movements along fantastic trajectories during carambola strikes, its sliding on the cloth must be flawless, and heating increases the rolling speed by three times. The dimensions of the carom table are standard - 9 or 10 feet, height - 74.9 cm.

Billiard balls for carom can weigh from 198 to 220 grams, and have a diameter of 60 to 62 mm. A billiard cue for carom can be either solid or composite, weighing 480-520 g, 1350 to 1500 mm long and made of any material.

Where is carom played?

Carom is most widely used in Europe (Spain, Holland, Greece, Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Sweden, Portugal, Czech Republic, Denmark, Austria), Russia, North and South America (USA, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador), Egypt and Turkey, Vietnam, Korea, Japan.

This year Antwerp hosted the 66th World Triple-breasted Carom Championship, and the first took place in 1928 in France (Reims). The first carom world champion title belongs to Edmund Soussa (Egypt).

Secrets of an exciting board game - chess!

The history of this type board game like chess and is still unknown today, but still there are many different legends and versions. According to one of the numerous legends, chess was invented by an ancient Greek hero, whose name is Palamedes, a participant in the siege of Troy. As we know, the siege of Troy lasted for a long 10 years, and in order not to get bored, Palamedes began to draw cells on the ground, as a result of which such an exciting game appeared.

Russian billiards

Almost all experts agree that Asia is the birthplace of billiards. But some argue that billiards appeared in India or China. We can safely say that, according to the warehouse of the national character, almost all the inventions that were made by the Chinese were rarely brought to any perfection. So the Chinese billiards to this day has remained the most ordinary uncomplicated children's toy.

- this is one of the varieties of the billiard game, and this is also the name of the blow, after which the ball (cue ball) on which the cue is struck, alternately comes into contact with two object balls.

Equipment for playing carom:

Table

On the carom table there are no holes. Standard length playing field is 2840 (± 5) mm., and the width is 1420 (± 5) mm. At the heart of the playing surface of the table is a slate plate with a thickness of 45 mm. The height of the rubber boards limiting the playing field is 37 (± 1) mm.

Cloth

Cloth for carom coarse, made of pure worsted wool, such a cloth gives the least resistance to rolling and imparted to the rotation of the ball. the color of the cloth is usually green.

balls

Kit carom balls consists of three balls (one white ball, one white ball with black or red dots, or a pure yellow ball and a red ball). The size of balls for playing carom is 61 - 61.5 mm in diameter, the weight of the ball is 205 - 220 grams. The difference in mass between balls from the same set must not exceed two grams.

Cues for playing carom can be of any size and design (solid, composite), they can be made of any material. In one match, a player can play with multiple cues.

General rules for playing carom:

Ball arrangement

When placing the balls, the red ball is placed on the back mark, the opponent's cue ball is placed on the front mark, and the player's cue ball is placed on the front line at a distance of no more than 15 centimeters from the front mark.

Starting shot in carambola

The kickoff must be executed so that the cue ball first comes into contact with the red ball. In all subsequent strokes, the cue ball may come into contact with the red and white (yellow) ball in any order.

Playing in carom

When playing back, it is necessary that after touching the cue ball and the object ball, at least one of them comes into contact with the board. It is forbidden by the rules to recoup two times in a row.

Displaying balls in carambola

In the case when the cue ball after a hit stops outside the playing surface of the table, it is placed on the front mark, if the front mark is occupied, the cue ball is placed on the back mark, if both the front and back marks are occupied, the ball is placed on the middle mark. If, after a hit, a white (yellow) object ball appears outside the playing surface of the table, it is put on the table according to the same principle as the cue ball. If, after a hit, a red object ball appears outside the playing surface of the table, it is put on the table depending on the occupancy of the marks according to the principle of back mark - front mark - middle mark. When two balls (the cue ball and an object ball) are out of bounds after a shot, the cue ball is spotted first, and then the object ball is spotted, the spotting occurs according to the above rules. In the event that, after a hit, both object balls are outside the playing field, they are put on the table in accordance with the above rules. In this case, if the place of one of the object balls is occupied by the cue ball, then the object ball whose place is not occupied is first set, and then the second object ball is set to the middle mark. Well, if, after a perfect hit, all three balls leave the playing field at once, they are put on the table as when performing the initial hit.

The cue ball is close to the object ball

When, after a shot, the cue ball comes to rest close to an object ball, the player making the next shot may:

- put in contact balls: red to the back point, your cue ball to the front point, and the opponent's cue ball to the center point. When the corresponding mark is occupied, the ball is spotted on the spot that is intended for the interfering object ball;

- to hit away from the object ball, in other words, the cue ball must come into contact with the board or free object ball, and then come into contact with the object ball, with which it had previously stood close.

Cue ball close to the board

When after a hit the cue ball stops close to the board, the player performing the next stroke can play from the same board, but if the rules provide for a mandatory number of collisions with the boards, then the first collision with this board does not count. All subsequent collisions with this side are taken into account.

The meaning of the game is to score a certain number of points faster than your opponent. For each correctly executed hit, the player gets one point. A hit is considered effective and a point is awarded for it if:

- the cue ball has come into contact with at least one side, after which it has come into contact with two object balls in turn;

- the cue ball first came into contact with one of the object balls, after which it bounced off the board and touched the second object ball.

Basic Rules: Each successful hit entitles you to another hit. For each incorrect hit, the player who performed it gets one point.

Triple-breasted cannon

The object of the game is similar to the game of single-breasted carom.

A hit is considered effective and a point is awarded for it if:

- the cue ball has come into contact with at least three sides, after which it has alternately touched two object balls;

- the cue ball hits the first object ball, after which it touches at least three sides, and then comes into contact with the second object ball;

- the cue ball hit the side, after which it came into contact with one of the object balls, and then, bouncing off at least two more sides, touched the second object ball;

- the cue ball bounced off two sides, hit an object ball, after which it touched another side and another object ball.

Basic rules of the triple-breasted carom: In the event that, as a result of a perfect stroke, one or more balls are outside the playing surface of the table, a penalty is declared. When playing back, when the object ball is located close to the board, it is necessary that after the contact of the cue ball with the object ball, it would reach the other side or the cue ball itself touched any side. A successful kick gives the right to the next kick. If a player makes a mistake, the right to strike passes to his opponent, while points are not deducted from his account.

open party

When hitting the cue ball, it is not necessary to touch the sides. Each successful hit earns the player one point. Triangular zones are marked at the corners of the table, within the boundaries of one zone it is allowed to make only one carom, after which it is necessary to perform a strike at which at least one of the object balls leaves this zone in order to continue the series of strikes. In the event that one of the object balls did not roll out of the zone after the hit, the hit passes to another player, no penalty is imposed.

The playing surface of the table is divided into nine square zones (six squares 47 × 47 centimeters for each of the short sides) and three rectangular zones. In each separate zone, only one carom is played with the balls gathered in it, while one of the object balls must leave this zone. Then the ball that left the zone can be returned to the same zone to play the next (and again only the 1st) carom. The marking of the playing field of the table into zones during official tournaments can be done by drawing thin lines on the cloth, but nevertheless, this is rarely done in practice. For a purely visual definition of the boundaries of the zones, special marks are quite enough ( diamonds) in the form of circles or rhombuses applied to the edging of the sides of the table.

The playing surface of the table is divided into six zones (one longitudinal line divides the table into two equal halves, two more lines run across the table parallel to the short sides at a distance of 74 centimeters from them). In each separate zone, it is already allowed to play two caroms in a row.

Carom with chips

Carom with chips is very popular in Italy and other Mediterranean countries. In general, the rules for chipped carom are very similar to the rules for single-breasted carom. The main feature of this variety of carom is the five chips used in the game. Chips are wooden pins 7 - 9 millimeters in diameter, the height of the chips is 25 - 30 millimeters. One of the chips is called the “king”, it stands out in a different color or is slightly larger than the rest of the chips. Skittles are set in the center of the table in the form of a cross (along the center lines), the distance between the chips slightly exceeds the diameter of the balls, and the "king" is placed in the center of the cross. Points are scored not only on the principle of a single-breasted carom, but also by knocking down chips. Most points can be earned by managing to knock down the “king” without hitting the rest of the chips. Knocked down chips are put on the table again before the next blow.

Artistic carom

Artistic carom differs from all other types of carom in that when playing artistic carom, the player must make strikes with a clearly marked, for each specific strike, number and sequence of collisions of the cue ball with object balls and sides. Before each stroke, the balls on the table are placed in a certain way. In certain situations, one or more chips can be placed on the playing surface of the table, which determine the trajectory of the balls.

The player is given 3 attempts to perform a strike, for each successfully executed strike he is awarded 4 - 11 points, the exact number of points depends on the complexity of a particular strike. The collection of positions for an individual competition is determined by a random selection from 76 mandatory positions. In the event that during the stroke all its conditions are met, but at the same time any of the balls stops outside the playing surface of the table, the stroke is not counted.

In order to hit successfully in many positions, players have to use tricks (incredible cuts, strong cue ball spins) that are not often used in other types of carom and other varieties of billiards. It is because of this that such blows are often called trick or artistic, hence the name of the game itself.

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Approved by the World Confederation of Billiard Sports (WCBS) on May 7, 1997.

The international rules of the game in 5 chips (chip carom) supplement the charter and regulations of the UMB (International Billiards Union). These Rules apply to all World Championships and official international tournaments recognized by the UMB.
With regard to special cases of games not provided for by these Rules, international rules refereeing gives the judge the right to make a decision on them, but it must be recorded in the minutes of the meeting.
In case of unforeseen circumstances for the competition as a whole, the decision is made by the official representative of the UMB (in our case, the representative of the NFBS) after consultation with the official representative of the federation - the organizer and director of the tournament (chief judge).

1. Marking points and lines
1. Places where chips (skittles) are placed are marked with marks (five marks in total) drawn with chalk, pencil or ink, as thinly as possible. It is forbidden to mark these places by installing stickers.
In addition, the following are noted:
2. upper mark, at a distance of 100 mm from the upper short side (on the middle line - 710 mm from the long side),
3. a mark located in the center of the upper half of the playing field of the table - there is a red ball on it,
4. a mark located in the center of the lower part of the billiards, located on the line of installation of balls during the drawing of the initial blow (710 mm from the lower short edge),
5. the lower mark, 100 mm from the lower short edge - the opponent's ball is placed on it, when playing from the hand, if the upper mark is occupied by a red ball and the player decides to play in the position as at the opening stroke,
6. marking lines are drawn with chalk, pencil or ink, as thin as possible.
Laying other items is only allowed for lines on the floor:

The middle line divides the playing field into 1/2 parts;
the line of placement of the opponent's balls when drawing the initial blow;
the border of the placement of the legs during the execution of the initial blow and the blow from the hand.
2. Purpose of the game
The goal of the game is to reach the number of points set by the Competition Regulations. The player who reaches the set number of points first wins the game. If this limit is exceeded during the last stroke, then the winner's total points are reduced to this set limit.
They play in games, the total number of which must be odd (or they play in rounds, the total number of which must also be odd).
The blows are applied alternately, only with a cue sticker.
3. Playing the kickoff
The referee places the balls of the players on the scrimmage line at a distance of 30 cm from the mark located in the middle of the scrimmage line.
The red ball is placed on a mark located in the center of the upper half of the playing field of the table.
4 side and 1 central chip are installed in their places.
If the players do not agree on which ball to play, as well as from which half to start the initial blow, the referee determines this by lot.
At the command of the referee, both players send their cue balls to the upper board with approximately the same blow, while both balls must be in motion before one of them reaches top side. If this rule is violated, the draw is repeated. A player who breaks this rule twice loses the rally, i.e. loses the right to choose - either to make the initial blow himself, or to yield to his opponent.
The draw is also considered lost:

If the player's ball collides with a red ball or one or more pieces;
if the player's ball touches the long side;
if the player's ball entered the opponent's half and touched his ball. If the balls of the players collide and it is impossible to determine the culprit, or if the balls stop at the same distance from the lower board, then the rally is repeated.
The player whose ball has come to rest closer to the lower board has the right to make a kick-off or concede it to an opponent.
4. Position at the initial blow
1. a) The ball of the player who is to make the initial stroke is located in any part of the lower half of the playing field of the table;
b) the opponent's ball - on the upper mark at the short upper board;
c) a red ball on a mark in the center of the upper half of the playing field of the table.
2. The player who starts the game sets the cue ball only with a cue stick, in any part of the lower half of the playing field, and no part of this ball should go beyond the middle line of the playing field.
3. At the time of the kick-off, at least one player's foot must be in contact with the foot area (or line) delimited by the extension of the longboard line. After placing his ball (cue ball), the player must play it so that he first touches the opponent's ball.
4. During one meeting, the player makes blows with the same cue ball.
5. The players take the initial blow in turn, regardless of the number of games. Points are awarded when the kickoff is taken. In the case of a counter game, the opening stroke is played (see p. 3).
6. A break for 5 minutes after the second game, if the meeting is of three games (before the control), if of five games, then after the second and before the fifth control.
5. The blow is considered correct and the player is awarded positive points:
1. if the player's cue ball touches the opponent's ball, and then knocks down chips with the opponent's ball;
2. if the player's cue ball touches the opponent's ball, then touches the red ball, and then the opponent's ball and (or) the red ball knocks down chips;
3. if the player's cue ball touches the opponent's ball, then the opponent's ball touches the red ball, and then the opponent's ball and (or) the red ball knock down the chips;
4. if the player's cue ball touches the opponent's ball, then the red ball, which is hit by the opponent's ball, and then the chips, knocks down the opponent's ball and (or) the red ball;
5. if the player's cue ball touches the opponent's ball and then the red ball;
6. if the player's cue ball touches the opponent's ball and then the opponent's ball touches the red ball;
7. if the cue ball touches the opponent's ball, then the red ball and at the same time the opponent's ball also touches the red ball.
6. A hit is considered legal but does not bring any points:
if, when making his shot, the player's cue ball touches only the opponent's ball, and he does not knock down chips and does not touch the red ball.
7. The blow is considered illegal and gives miss points to the one who made it, and the same number of positive points is assigned to the opponent:
1. if the player's cue ball does not touch the opponent's ball;
2. if the player's cue ball touches the red ball before touching the opponent's ball, and then the cue ball and (or) the red ball knocks down chips;
3. if the player's cue ball knocks down chips after touching the opponent's ball and at the same time the opponent's ball and (or) the red ball knocks down chips;
4. if a player strikes with a ball other than his own;
5. if the player commits one or more of the errors indicated in the relevant paragraph, and at the same time positive points are achieved during this stroke or not.
All points are summed up and awarded to the opponent.

8. Scoring
1. Value of chip points:
side chips (each) - 2 points;
the central chip knocked down from the side - 4 points;
the central chip is knocked down alone, while the location of the chips (figure) is complete or not - 8 points.
2. Value of carom points:
carom cue ball into the opponent's ball, and then into the red ball - 4 points;
carom ricochets when the cue ball touches the opponent's ball and then the opponent's ball touches the red ball - 3 points.
To assign the number of carom points, only the fulfillment of one of the above provisions is taken into account.
Chip and carom points are added together to get total amount points gained from one hit.
When assigning points, the referee calls the player's last name, he does the same when assigning total error points in favor of the opponent.
9. Refusal to play during the game
1. A player who leaves his place during a game without the referee's permission loses that game - he loses.
2. Any player who refuses to continue the game after the direction of the referee is excluded from the competition.
10. Balls in contact
1. If a player's cue ball is in contact with one or two balls, the player may not send it directly to that or those balls.
2. If the player's cue ball is in contact with the board, then he has no right to play on this board.
3. To perform strokes under paragraphs 1. and 2., the player must play the cue ball either by separating it from the touching ball or by hitting it from above (mass), but in such a way as not to move the ball that is in contact with the bit. It is not a fault if a ball in contact with the cue ball only moves due to the fact that it loses the point of support that the cue ball had for it (see WCBC Rules 41.3).
4. If, in the case of a ball in contact, it is not possible to hit without error, the referee places three balls in their initial position. When performing this strike, accordingly, the player cannot receive positive points, he can only make a winback.
11. Popped balls
1. The ball is considered to have jumped out of the billiards if it leaves the billiards or touches the board framing material.
2. The very fact of the ball jumping out is considered a mistake (2 points).
3. If one or more balls jump out of the billiards, then the referee returns the balls that have jumped out to the billiards for a kick from the hand:
a) if the player's cue ball jumped out, the referee places it on the mark near the short board, opposite to the one where the opponent's ball is located, which should make a hit from his hand.
If this mark is occupied or closed, then the ball is placed on the mark corresponding to the ball that occupied or covered this mark at the short side;
b) if the ball of the opponent jumped out, then it is placed for a shot from the hand in the part of the billiards opposite to the one where the ball of the player who just made the shot is located;
c) if a red ball has jumped out, the referee sets it to its initial position on the mark where the red ball is placed. If the mark is occupied or closed, then the red ball is placed on the mark corresponding to the ball that occupies or closes the mark. The referee places the player's ball to be shot from the hand in the part of the billiards opposite from where the player's ball is located, which just made the shot (and the red ball popped out).
12. Tipping chips

1. A chip is considered knocked down if its base completely loses contact with the playing surface of the table.
2. A piece that has already been knocked down, returned to its original position (one or more), is considered to be knocked over, and its points are counted.
3. A piece is considered to be knocked over if it is knocked down by another piece.
4. It is not considered to be an overturned chip if it is moved from its place of installation, and the base remains in contact with the playing surface of the table. The referee returns it to its original position before the next stroke is taken.
5. A chip that has received a hit, but has not lost contact with the playing surface of the table, is not considered to be knocked down.
6. If a chip resting on the cue ball falls as a result of the movement of the cue ball away from the chip, it is not considered to be capsized, and when the cue ball moves towards the chip, it is considered to be capsized (the referee has the right to remove the chip based on any of the balls, if possible, before the next hit).
7. If the place of one or more pieces is completely or partially occupied by a ball or balls, the referee removes the corresponding pieces. Removed chips are not taken into account as a result of the next strike and are installed after the release of their place of installation.
13. Handplay
1. If a player commits an error, his opponent is allowed to play from his hand, except for an error when the player's ball, after a legal contact with the opponent's ball, knocks down chips.
2. At the end of a player's illegal stroke, the referee takes the opponent's ball, which is to play the next stroke, in his hand and places it freely in the half of the playing field of the table opposite to that where the ball of the player who committed the error is located. (Offender's ball remains in position.)
3. The player who makes the strike after the strike of the offender places his ball only using a cue in the half of the playing field where the referee put this ball, while no part of this ball should go beyond the center line of the billiards.
4. If the offender's ball is exactly on the center line of the billiards, then the kicker's ball is placed freely in the lower half of the playing field as for the opening shot.
5. The player who is to shoot from the arm decides for himself whether to play from the arm in accordance with the above provision or to ask (on request) the referee to place the offender's ball on its initial position - on the upper mark at the upper short board. If this position is occupied by a red ball, then the offender's ball is placed in another part of the billiards on the corresponding mark, in this case the game ball is located in the other half of the billiards.
6. If the player to be kicked touches his ball before the referee places it, the player is penalized and the kick goes to the opponent.
7. At the request of the player, the referee must show him his game ball.
14. Place of the player
The player not taking the kick must wait for his kick while standing or sitting in the places provided for it, refraining from making gestures and not making any noise that may disturb his opponent.
15. Mistakes (penalties)
1. If a player makes several mistakes during his stroke, then the value of the points of each mistake is added up and awarded to the opponent.
2. There is a mistake with a penalty of only chip points and possibly carom without bringing the game from hand and without another additional penalty:
- if the game ball (cue ball) knocks down chips (and possibly makes carom) after a correct touch of the opponent's ball, the referee marks the chips.
All mistakes lead to a penalty (2 points) plus penalty points for downed chips and carom.
3. The following errors give the opponent an additional 2 points in addition to the points mentioned above and the opportunity to play out of hand:
a) if the referee establishes that the player is making a tsar with a ball other than his own, the referee indicates - a wrong ball;
b) if the player first hits the cue ball in the red ball before touching the opponent's ball, the referee's decision is a red ball.
In this case, an additional penalty is imposed for touching the red ball - 2 points (4 points in total): 2 points for a miss + 2 points for a carom;
c) if a player first knocks down chips with his cue ball, and then touches the opponent's ball with it, the referee indicates - chips;
d) if the player did not hit or hit the opponent's ball incorrectly, the referee indicates - the opponent's ball;
e) if one or more balls jump out of the billiards during the stroke, a penalty of 2 points is imposed regardless of the number of balls that jumped out, the judge indicates - the jumped out ball;
f) if the player makes a stroke before all three balls have stopped, it is indicated that the balls are in motion;
g) if a player strikes not with a cue sticker, but with another part of the cue during a strike, the sticker is indicated;
h) if during the performance of one stroke the player touches his ball with the cue sticker more than once, the touch is indicated - we have a double stroke;
i) if a player touches a ball or chip in order to clean it from dirt, instead of asking the referee about it, a touch is indicated - carcasses;
j) if a player displaces a ball or a chip in a direct or indirect way (small, etc.), and if this displacement is not the result of a stroke, a touch is indicated - carcasses;
k) if a player hits his ball directly on the opponent's ball in contact with the cue ball, or plays directly on the board with his ball in contact with the board, the decision is ball in contact;
l) if at the moment of hitting the ball during the kick-off or kick from the hand, at least one of the player’s feet does not touch the floor, or at the kick-off or from the hand, the player goes beyond the established boundaries with the whole leg or part (clause 14) - and according to the Hungarian translation, he will step over partly or completely dash on the floor. The use of special footwear is not allowed;
i) if, when placing a game ball (cue ball) to perform an initial stroke or from the hand, the player touches this ball with something other than a cue stick, and (and) touches this ball before the referee places it in the position of playing from hand, touch is indicated - carcasses;
o) if the game ball jumped over the chips and (and) the red ball before touching the opponent's ball, it is indicated - ball jumping.
Note: provided that not a single chip is knocked over, the passage between the chips during the normal rolling of the game ball on billiards is not considered an error, but a valid (counted) hit.
o) If a player touches any ball (with the exception of the cue sticker of his ball when hitting) or a chip before, during or after hitting - with a cue, hand, clothes, typewriter, etc.;
p) if the player pushes - pushes two balls at the same time.

Carom - a kind of billiards game in which you do not need to pocket the balls (most often billiard tables without pockets are used). This one of the oldest French games is still popular today.

There are several types of games: