Where balls are hammered in billiards. Cue ball and object balls. Penalties for violations

Billiards is one of the most popular board games. This game, like chess, has a very ancient origin. The birthplace of billiards is Asia (according to some sources, India, according to others - China). Currently, there are many varieties of billiards: Russian billiards, carom ( french billiards), snooker, pool and so on. Throughout its history, billiards has ceased to be just a game, but has become a sport. In most varieties of billiards, the main goal is to pocket the ball, which requires sufficient skill from the billiard player. Let's try to figure out how to hit the ball with a cue so that it hits another stationary ball and pockets it.

Consider a simple impact, in which the rotation of the balls does not significantly affect the direction of their movement. Let's assume that you use a cue to hit a stationary ball number 1 (the cue ball), which before colliding with ball 2 has a speed . Let after the collision balls 1 and 2 get velocities and respectively.

Before striking with a cue, preparatory activities are necessary. Let's draw several imaginary lines: AB - the axis of symmetry of the pocket, CD - the line connecting the edges of the pocket C and D (it should be noted that these lines are perpendicular and intersect at point O), OH - the line connecting the center of ball number 2 and point O, DE is a line perpendicular to the OH line, FG is a line perpendicular to the OH line and passing through the intersection point of the OH line and the surface of ball number 2. In order for ball number 2 to fly into the pocket, it is necessary that the speed be directed along the OH line. Therefore, ball number 1 must collide with ball number 2 at the intersection of the lines OH and FG, in this case, due to the small friction force between the balls, the force of their interaction will be directed along the line connecting the centers of the balls, that is, along the line OH.

In addition, the pocket width CD multiplied by the sine of angle CDE must be greater than the ball diameter FG. Since in Russian billiards the width of the pocket is approximately 72-73 mm, and the diameter of the ball is 68 mm, the maximum angle between the lines AB and OH, at which the ball number 2 will fly into the pocket, is equal to arccos (FG / CD) = 24 0 . Otherwise, the ball will be reflected from the edges of the pocket and will not fly into it.

When playing billiards, it is not enough to score one ball into a pocket, it is also important to place the remaining balls on the table after hitting. Therefore, one should understand the direction of the speed of ball number 1 after a collision with ball number 2. To determine this direction, we will assume that the billiard balls are sufficiently smooth and elastic, neglecting the friction force between them and assuming that the collisions between the balls are absolutely elastic. In this case, the law of conservation of momentum is also observed

and the law of conservation of energy

,

then, given that the mass of all billiard balls is almost the same, we get:

,
.

It follows that the vectors , and are sides of the same triangle. In addition, according to the inverse Pythagorean theorem, the angle between the directions of the speeds of the balls after the impact is 90 0 . That is, after the collision, balls 1 and 2 scatter at a right angle. This also needs to be taken into account in the process of playing billiards.

According to the proposed method, we suggest that you solve the problem:

Calculate the permissible error in choosing the direction of hitting the center of ball number 1 with a cue so that ball number 2 still flies into the pocket if the distance between the balls and the distance of ball number 2 to the pocket are 50 cm.

The material was prepared by Matveev K.V., methodologist of the State Medical Center for Education in Moscow

1. Marking the billiard table.

1.1. On the playing surface of the billiard table must be applied following lines and marks:
(1) Center mark - a point located in the center of the playing surface of the table.
(2) Center line - a straight line drawn through the center mark parallel to the short sides. The central line divides the playing surface of the table into two halves - front and back.
(3) Front Mark - A point located in the center of the front half of the playing surface of the table.
(4) The house line is a straight line drawn through the front mark parallel to the front board.
(5) Backmark - a point located in the center of the back half of the playing surface of the table.
(6) Pocket area - 136 mm radius from the point of impact in the billiard table pockets.
(7) Line of fielding - part of the longitudinal line of the table, drawn from the back mark to the middle of the tailgate.
(8) The "dead zone" is that part of the playing surface of the table from which it is not possible to pocket an object ball. Visually, it is determined by connecting the point of fall of the middle pocket and the middle of the short board, if the middle pocket is on the right, then the "dead zone" is also on the right or vice versa.
1.2. The home is the part of the playing surface of the table enclosed between the home line and the front board.
Note: two additional lines for the exact establishment of the pyramid. The first one passes through the center of the ball, which stands at the top of the pyramid, parallel to the rear board 100 mm long. The second one passes through the center of the balls standing at the base of the pyramid, parallel to the rear board 400 mm long. Both lines are equidistant from the long sides.

2. Used balls.

A standard set of sixteen billiard balls: fifteen to twenty white (ivory) balls numbered 1 to 15 and one colored (preferably yellow) unnumbered ball.
Note: An unnumbered colored ball may be marked with lines or dots.

3. Cue ball and object balls.

3.1. A cue ball is a ball that is struck with a cue during the game.
3.2. When playing "Moscow Dynamic" and "Russian Classic", a colored ball serves as a cue ball.
3.3. When playing "Long American", any ball on the playing surface of the table can be chosen as a cue ball when performing any next stroke (the only exception is the initial stroke, during which a colored ball is used).
3.4. All other balls on the playing surface of the table, except for the cue ball, are aimed balls.

4. Collision of the cue ball with an object ball.

4.1. Collision (touch) of the cue ball with one of object balls is a prerequisite for any legal shot, including the kickoff.
4.2. The cue ball can be hit on the object ball both directly and from any side(s).
4.3. If the cue ball does not touch any of the object balls, then the hit is considered illegal and is punished with a penalty.

5. Play after the violation.

In case of violation of the rules, the opponent of the violator has the right, after placing the incorrectly pocketed and jumped-out balls, as well as placing a penalty ball from the shelf on the table:
(1) himself to make the next stroke, or
(2) yield it to the violator.

6. Draw of the initial blow.

6.1. When drawing the initial blow (breaking the pyramid), the following procedure is used. Having settled down on opposite sides of the longitudinal line of the table, the players simultaneously perform a kick from the hand from home, sending the balls to
rear side and back. In this case, two white balls are used. The player whose ball stops closer to the front board wins.
6.2. The draw is considered automatically lost if:
(1) the ball has entered the opponent's half,
(2) did not reach the tailgate,
(3) fell into a pocket,
(4) jumped overboard,
(5) touched a long board or
(6) has touched the tailgate more than once.
6.3. If the rules were violated by both opponents or if the referee cannot determine whose ball stopped closer to the front board, then the rally is repeated.
6.4. If one of the players has struck after his opponent's ball has reached the tailgate, he automatically loses the rally. If, at the same time, the player who lost the rally believes that the opponent deliberately struck a hit ahead of time, he can appeal to the referee.
6.5. The winner of the draw has the right to:
(1) to kick off himself, or
(2) yield to his opponent.

7. Initial arrangement of balls.

7.1. Before the kick-off, fifteen white balls are placed in the form of an equilateral triangle (pyramid) with the apex at the back mark of the table and the base parallel to the back board. Each ball must be in contact with adjacent balls. When arranging the balls, a standard triangle should be used.
7.2. The colored ball used as the cue ball in the kick-off (Pyramid Break) is located in the house.
Note: In the course of the game, situations may arise that provide for the installation of an incomplete pyramid (see item 24). When installing an incomplete pyramid, all requirements for installing a full pyramid are met. The differences are as follows - an incomplete pyramid is filled in the direction from top to bottom. In this case, the base (bottom row) must be filled. To do this, if necessary, move the balls from the top of the pyramid.

8. The position of the ball.

The position of the ball is determined by the position of its center.

9. House and house line.

9.1. The house line is not part of the house.
9.2. A ball on the home line is considered to be outside the home.

10. Introduction of the cue ball into the game (beginning of the game).

10.1. The cue ball is brought into play with an in-hand kick from home.
10.2. A colored ball should always be used as the cue ball when performing the initial strike.
10.3. The player who enters the game first may place the cue ball anywhere in the house, but not on the home line (see clauses 9 and 10). If the cue ball is placed outside the home, the referee or the opponent must warn the player entering the game about this before he strikes. Otherwise, it is considered that the cue ball is put into play correctly.
If the player who enters the game is warned about the incorrect position of the cue ball, he is obliged to correct it.
10.4. The cue ball is considered to be put into play immediately after it has been hit with the cue sticker (see paragraph 13).
10.5. As long as the cue ball is not in play, it can be corrected with a hand, cue stick, etc. However, any touching of the cue ball after it has been put into play incurs a penalty.

11. Correct kickoff.

11.1. The initial blow (breaking the pyramid) is considered correct if, after the cue ball hits one of the object balls:
(1) one of the balls is legally pocketed in any pocket; or
(2) either ball has touched two boards.
If none of these requirements is met, a fine is imposed.
11.2. If the first player to enter the game fails to make a valid kick-off, his opponent has the right to:
(1) accept the current position of the balls on the table and continue the game; or
(2) accept the current position of the balls on the table and force the offender to continue playing; or
(3) having re-arranged the balls, he himself makes the initial blow; or
(4) after re-arranging the balls, force the offender to kick off again.
11.3. In the 1st game, the right of the initial strike is determined with the help of a rally. Further, the initial blow is made by the winner of the previous set. Also, the winner of the current game has the right to transfer the initial blow to the opponent.

12. The beginning and end of the strike.

12.1. The hit starts from the moment the cue sticker touches the cue ball and ends after all the balls come to a complete stop on the playing surface of the table. (A ball rotating in place is considered to be in motion.)
12.2. It is forbidden to start the next stroke before the completion of the previous one. Otherwise, a fine.

13. Hitting the cue ball with a cue.

The hit on the cue ball must be made only by sticking the cue in the direction of its longitudinal axis. Otherwise, a fine.

14. Foot touching the floor.

When hitting the cue ball, at least one player's foot must touch the floor. Otherwise, a fine.

15.1. With the exception of touching the cue ball with the cue sticker when making a stroke, it is prohibited to touch any ball (the cue ball or any object ball) on the playing surface of the table with the body, clothing, chalk, typewriter, cue shaft, etc. Otherwise, a fine.

When making a hit, the cue stick must touch the cue ball only once. Otherwise, a fine.

17.1. It is forbidden to tighten the contact of the cue sticker with the cue ball until the cue ball hits (touches) the object ball. Otherwise, the blow is qualified as a push and is punished with a penalty.
17.2. If the cue ball touches an object ball, or if the distance between the cue ball and the object ball is so small that when hitting the cue ball, it is practically impossible to avoid instant triple contact - “cue sticker - cue ball - object ball”, then hitting the cue ball with a cue ball does not qualify as a push if it is applied:
(1) at an angle of at least 45 degrees away from the center line of the two balls.
(2) or in such a way that the cue ball does not go forward after the impact (following the object ball). Otherwise, a fine.
Note: Hitting the cue ball away from a touching object ball (without displacing the latter) does not count as a collision of the cue ball with that object ball. If after that the cue ball has not touched any of the object balls, then the hit is considered illegal and is punished with a penalty (see clause 4.3).

18. Correctly completed strike.

Any hit (except for the initial one) is considered correct (correctly completed) if none of the provisions of these Rules is violated and, in addition, after the collision (touching) of the cue ball with one of the object balls of any of the balls:
(1) pocketed;
(2) touches 2 boards; or
(a) bring any ball to the other side; or
(b) touches any ball close to the other side;
(3) stopped in the pocket area (see 1(6));
(4) middle pocket area touched - one of the balls played must touch the boards in the middle pocket area. When playing an "aiming" ball into the middle pocket, it must be outside the "dead zone" for this pocket (see clause 1.1, p. 8).
If none of these conditions is met, then a fine is imposed.

19. Free kick and bonus kick from home.

19.1. When playing the Moscow Classics, a kick from the hand from any house is also made in other cases stipulated by the rules. It can be either a penalty (when the cue ball is played incorrectly into the pocket or when the cue ball jumps overboard), or a bonus (when the cue ball is played correctly into the pocket).
19.2. Any ball can be pocketed after the cue ball hits any object ball located outside the home.

20. Correctly and incorrectly pocketed balls.

20.1. The ball is considered to be correctly pocketed (played) if it fell into the pocket as a result of a legal hit.
20.2. If at least one of the provisions of these Rules was violated from the moment the kick began until the moment it was completed (see clause 12), then all the balls that fell into the pockets as a result of this kick are considered incorrectly pocketed.
20.3. If the infringement occurs after the completion of the stroke (see par. 12), a penalty is assessed. However, a ball that falls into a pocket as a result of a completed stroke is considered to be correctly pocketed.
Note. If the violation of the rules of the game occurred after the end of the set (that is, after the completion of the last stroke, which resulted in the last ball of the set being legally potted), no penalty is assessed and the result of the set is not reviewed.
20.4. All incorrectly pocketed balls do not count and are exposed.
20.5. A ball that has jumped out of the pocket onto the playing surface of the table is considered not pocketed and remains in the game. In this case, no penalty is imposed.

21. Ball on the edge of the pocket.

21.1. If the ball hovering over the pocket spontaneously falls into the pocket, without colliding with another ball, and if this did not affect the final result of the blow that began, then it is restored to its original place and the game continues.
21.2. If the ball hovering over the pocket spontaneously falls into the pocket, without colliding with another ball, and if this affected the final result of the strike that began (that is, if the ball that spontaneously fell into the pocket would inevitably be hit by one of the balls set in motion) , then all the balls are set with the maximum possible accuracy to their previous positions and the blow is repeated.
21.3. If a moving ball stops at the edge of the pocket in a position of unstable equilibrium, and then falls into the pocket, then it is considered to have fallen into the pocket due to the hit.

22. Popped up ball.

22.1. The ball is considered to have jumped overboard if, after the completion of the stroke, it stopped outside the playing surface of the table (on the board, on the floor, etc.).
22.2. The ball is not considered to have jumped out if, having hit the upper part of the elastic board or handrail, it independently returns to the playing surface without hitting any other object that is not a stationary accessory of the billiard table.
If the ball touches any object that is not an accessory of the table, for example, a lighting device, chalk on the board or handrail, etc., then it is considered to have jumped out, even if after that it independently returns to the playing surface.
22.3. If the cue ball jumps overboard, a penalty is imposed. There is no penalty for an object ball that goes overboard.
22.4. All popped-up balls are exposed after the stroke is completed.

23. Showing balls.

23.1. All illegally pocketed, overboard balls, as well as delayed free balls are fielded after the end of the stroke and before the start of the next one.
23.2. The single ball is placed on the back mark.
If several balls are fielded, then they are placed in a random order on the line of fielding balls from the back mark to the back board as close as possible, but not close to each other.
If any balls near or directly on the fielding line interfere with the fielding process, then the fielded balls are placed on the fielding line as close to the back mark as possible and as close as possible, but not close to the interfering balls.
In the event that there is not enough space for the fielded balls between the back mark and the back board, then the balls are set on the continuation of the line for fielding balls (between the back mark and the center of the playing surface of the table) as close as possible to the back mark.
23.3. When playing "Long American", any exposed ball can be chosen to play as a cue ball or an object ball, and when playing "Moscow Classics" - as an object ball.
23.4. Out-of-play balls may not be used for the purpose of making any measurements to determine the distance between the balls, the ball and the board, etc.

24. Interference by an outsider.

If during the game the balls move due to the intervention of an outsider (directly or by some kind of influence on the player performing the stroke), then they are returned to their original positions and the game continues. In this case, no penalty is imposed.
This rule also applies in case of emergencies (earthquake, hurricane, falling lighting fixture, sudden blackout, etc.)
If it is not possible to restore the position of the balls, then the colored ball is placed in the house (if the colored ball is out of the game, then it is returned to the game instead of any of the white balls remaining on the table), all white balls remaining on the table are placed in the form of a pyramid (or incomplete pyramids) with the apex at the back mark, the right of the subsequent strike is determined by the rally and the game continues according to the rule of the initial strike (see paragraph 11). The score is kept as it was at the time the game was interrupted.

Note: When installing an incomplete pyramid, you should be guided by the rules set forth in paragraph 7.

25. Interfering with the opponent's game.

If a player who has completed his turn of play strikes out of turn or dislodges (touches) any ball while an opponent is in play, this is considered interference with play and incurs a penalty. In this case, the disturbed position of the balls is restored.

26. Fines.

26.1. Penalties are imposed in the following cases:
(1) if the cue ball did not touch any of the object balls on impact (see 4.3.)
(2) an illegal kickoff (see 11.1);
(3) if the next stroke starts before the completion of the previous one (see 12.2);
(4) when the cue ball is incorrectly hit with the cue ball (see paragraph 13);
(5) when hitting the cue ball with both feet off the floor (see par. 14);
(6) when balls are not allowed to touch (see 15);
(7) in case of a double strike (see paragraph 16);
(8) when pushing (see section 17.1 and section 17.2);
(9) an incorrectly completed stroke (see par. 18);
(10) when the cue ball goes overboard (see 22.3);
(11) when exceeding the time limit for a shot (see par. 28);
(12) when interfering with an opponent's play (see par. 25);
(13) for marking the cloth or boards while aiming;
(14) if the player places the cue on the table for aiming without holding it with his hand.
26.2. If a player commits several violations during the execution of one stroke, the penalty is levied in a single amount.

27. Delayed penalty.

27.1. If after a free kick the offender has no balls on the shelf, the collection of the penalty is postponed until the effective kick. At the same time, the score of his points in the game is -1, -2, etc.
27.2. The penalty ball is exposed in accordance with clause 23.1.

28. Time limit.

28.1. The time to hit is 40 seconds (with live broadcasts on TV-30 seconds) from the moment the balls stop.
28.2. In each game, if necessary, but not more than 2 times, the athlete is given additional time to make a strike within the next 40 (30) seconds. In this case, the procedure described in clause 11.3 is observed.
28.3. The judge at the table after deciding that the player has violated the rule of 40 (30) seconds, gives the command "Time" and detects 40 (30) seconds per kick. In this case, the first extra time for making a stroke is considered used. After the second time the player exceeds the limit of 40 (30) seconds, the procedure is repeated. An athlete who needs extra time can apply to the judge himself: “Extra time” and the judge marks 40 (30) seconds per hit. After the player (players) use extra time, the referee shall time each stroke. At the same time, 10 seconds before the expiration of the time for a strike, he gives the command: “10 seconds”. If after that the athlete does not fit in the time allotted for the strike, a fine is imposed on him.

29. Breaks.

29.1. During the match, each of the athletes has the right to one five-minute break. When playing "Long American", the player has the right to take a break only on "his" stroke. An additional break before the counter game is provided if the match goes to 4 or more wins (Moscow classic). If the athlete does not take advantage of the break before the control set, then he loses the right to an additional break.
29.2. When broadcasting a match on TV live, a break is possible only with the permission of the referee at the table.
29.3. When playing on a TV table, an athlete who is late after a 5-minute break is fined 50 US dollars for each minute of delay.
29.4. The athlete does not have the right to leave the table and stop the game without good reason, and without the permission of the judge at the table (or the opponent, if the game is played without a judge at the table).

30. A series with a cue.

30.1. When determining the largest series with a cue, the following are accepted for offset: 15 or more balls for men, 8 or more - for women.
30.2. To fix a series without a judge at the table, the athlete must invite the judge who is in the hall after 8 pocketed balls for men and after 5 for women.
30.3. The referee fixes the played series in the match protocol.
30.4. After the athlete has scored 8 points, he wins the game and is given the right to continue the game to increase the series with a cue. At the same time, a free kick during this continued game does not apply to the previous set, but serves as a basis for stopping the series for minus an incorrectly pocketed ball. In this case, after any effective hit, the player can ask the referee to establish the initial arrangement of balls for the start of the next game.

31. Unsportsmanlike conduct.

31.1. Competitors are obliged to observe the principles of fair and correct wrestling, as well as to observe the norms of behavior in relation to other participants, officials and spectators.
31.2. The referee is obliged to stop the facts of unsportsmanlike conduct with the following sanctions:
- remark;
- warning;
- announcement of defeat in a game or match;
- suspension from participation in competitions.
31.3. The applied sanctions are noted in the protocol.
31.4. In case of removal of an athlete from participation in competitions, entry fees are non-refundable.

32. Order.

32.1 All straight-flying balls count.
32.2. If the ball touches any balls or boards before falling into the pocket, then it is considered random and does not count. This will not incur a penalty. The kick goes to the opponent.
32.3. When announcing an order, it is required to indicate the ball with the cue and the pocket into which the ball will be played. One ball can be ordered only in one pocket.
32.3. After the fall of a "straight-flying" or "custom ball" other balls that fell as a result of such a blow are counted.

Where does the pocketed ball go in billiards?

billiard table basket

Part of a billiard table

One of the six mesh bags under the holes at the sides of the billiard table

City in Kirov Oblast

Target for billiard players

Where does the pocketed ball go in billiards

Billiards. trap

billiard basket

billiard trap

billiard gate

City (since 1944) in Russia, Kirov region, on the river Luza

City in Kirov Oblast

J. French blouse, one of six holes with mesh pouches, by the pool table; purse

Trap for billiard balls

Where does the pocketed ball go in billiards

Pool table trap

ball trap

Pool table bag

Target for billiard players

The name of this city in the Kirov region on the river of the same name is associated with the Sami "luss" - "salmon"

One of six in snooker

table basket

Sukhona tributary

River in Komi

River in Russia

A river in the north of the European part of Russia, a right tributary of the Yug River

Net in billiards

A hole with a mesh bag on the edge of the table, which, when playing billiards, a player wants to hit with a ball

Holiday home for billiard balls

Ball trap (game)

hole in billiard table

Part of a billiard table

The name of this city in the Kirov region on the river of the same name is associated with the Sami "luss" - "salmon"

Goal in billiards

Billiards

Net in billiards

Where does the billiard player drive the ball?

billiard gates

Billiard ball nest

billiard ball nest

Rules of the game Pool & 8 balls

"Eight" - a game by order. The game is played with a cue ball (white ball). One player pockets one-color balls (1-7), the other - striped balls (9-15). The winner is the player who pocketed all the balls of his group and placed the ball N 8 by order

Installing balls

The eighth ball (black) is placed in the center of the pyramid. Colored and striped balls alternate, placing balls of different groups in the corners of the pyramid. With a cue ball, it is necessary to score a ball from behind the “home” line or bring at least 4 balls to the boards. Failure to comply with this condition is an error. The partner can then: continue the game from this position; make a robbery again or ask a partner about it. Hitting the cue ball into the pocket on the break is a mistake. The aiming ball flew overboard during the break - an error. In this case, the partner either continues the game, or plays from behind the "home line". If during the break the 8th ball falls into the pocket, then the partner puts the pyramid again and breaks the balls, or puts the 8th ball on the back point and plays from this position. If the 8th ball and the cue ball fall at the same time, then the partner can break the pyramid again or put the 8th ball on the back point and play from behind the "house line".

Choice of balls

After the first hit in the pocket, the choice of balls scored by the players is determined. If, for example, a striped ball fell into the pocket first during the game, then the player who pocketed this ball must continue to pocket only striped balls, and his partner - solid ones.

Correct hit

It is necessary to score a ball into a pocket or bring a cue ball or an object ball to the board. If the cue ball first hits the boards, then the object ball, then it is necessary that the cue ball or the object ball then touch the boards. Jumped out object balls - a mistake. They are installed on the back point in ascending order of the ball number along the longitudinal line to the short board. An error will be considered if: the cue ball did not hit the object ball; when the cue ball hits the object ball, neither one nor the other touches the sides; the cue ball falls into the pocket; the cue ball goes overboard; the partner hits any ball with something; the player hits the ball when the balls have not yet stopped. In case of any mistake, the partner plays "from hand", that is, he puts the cue ball on any place on the table

losing

The player loses the game if: ball N 8 is pocketed during a hit with violations (exception - during a break); ball N 8 prematurely fell into the pocket; ball No. 8 is knocked overboard; ball N 8 fell into an unordered pocket; ball N 8 fell into the pocket at the same time as the last ball of its group

"Eight" is a custom game that uses 15 object balls numbered from one to fifteen. One of the players must pocket balls numbered from one to seven (solid), and the other - from nine to fifteen (striped). The player who pots the balls of his group first and then hits a legal eight is the winner. When playing "Eight", you should be guided by the "General Rules of the Pool"

2. Order

Obvious balls do not need to be ordered, but the opponent may check with the shooter. A doublet or combination shot is not considered obvious, in which case the ball and pocket must be clearly identified. When ordering, it is not necessary to specify such details as touches of other balls, carombols, combinations or doublets, etc. Balls pocketed in violation of the rules remain in the pocket, regardless of which group (the player or his opponent) they belong to. The initial kick is not ordered. If at least one object ball falls into the pocket during a legal break, then the series of the player who made the shot continues.

3. Arrangement of balls

The balls are arranged in the form of a standard triangular pyramid, the top corner ball of which is located at the back of the table. In this case, the figure eight is in the center of the pyramid, and the striped and solid balls are in the right and left corners.

4. The sequence of breaking the pyramid

The winner of the set receives the right to break in the next game, unless a different order of priority is established by the organizers of the competition. Namely:

Players take turns breaking

Breaks the loser

Splits the losing player

5. Correct Kick Off

The kick-off is considered correct if it results in an object ball being pocketed or four object balls touching the boards. Failure to comply with these conditions is considered a violation, and the opponent entering the game has the right to accept the current situation, either reinstall the pyramid and break it himself, or oblige the player who violated the rules to re-break.

6. Falling the cue ball into the pocket when breaking the pyramid

If, with a correctly executed initial blow, the cue ball falls into the pocket, then:

All hammered object balls remain in the pockets (with the exception of the eight, which is set, see clause 8 of these rules). A foul is declared to the player who made the break.

The table remains open.

Note: the opponent entering the game receives the right to hit from behind the front line on balls that are out of home. Balls in the house can only be played by bouncing the cue ball from that part of the boards that is outside the front line.

7. Aiming balls that jumped out when broken

If the object ball goes overboard during the kickoff, it is considered a foul and the kicker may either take the established position or play in-hand from home.

8. Eight is pocketed on a kickoff

If an eight was potted during the opening shot, the breaking player may either reset the pyramid and repeat the break, or set up an eight and continue the series.

9. Open table

The table is considered open until the ownership of the groups of balls is determined. Note: the table is always considered open immediately after the pyramid is broken. While the table is open, a striped ball can be played to pocket a solid ball and vice versa. However, if the cue ball first touches the eight, then this is considered a foul and any (striped or solid) pocketed ball is not counted in favor of the player and is not exposed. The right to strike passes to the opponent, who can place the cue ball anywhere on the table.

10. Selecting a group of balls

A group of balls is not considered to have been selected, even if balls from one or both groups were potted in the pyramid, because the table is always considered open immediately after the opening stroke is made. The group of balls is determined only if the player legally pockets the ordered ball into the ordered pocket.

11. Correct hit

When making any stroke (other than a pyramid break or when the table is open), the player must first touch the ball of his group, and then either (1) either pocket an object ball, or (2) bring any ball to the boards. Note: It is allowed to play on the first object ball, reflecting the cue ball from the side; but after contact of the cue ball with an object ball, any object ball must be pocketed, or any ball must touch the rails. Failure to comply with these requirements is considered a violation.

12. Winning

For tactical reasons, after announcing the wagering, the player can pocket an object ball, and then interrupt the series. Rolling back is considered a legal hit. A player who intends to make a return must notify the opponent of this before hitting. The kicker is solely responsible for ensuring that the opponent is aware of the upcoming recovery. If no such warning has been given prior to the stroke, then after the object ball is potted, the player must continue his streak. Balls pocketed during wagering are not exposed.

13. Game progress

The player's streak continues until he pockets the balls of his group with a correct shot. After all the balls in his group have been potted, he can pocket an eight.

14. Penalties for violations

If a player is declared a foul, then his opponent receives the right to hit from his hand. This means that he can place the cue ball anywhere on the table (not only in the home zone, as in a situation where the violation was committed during the opening shot). This rule prevents intentional fouls to put an opponent at a disadvantage. When a player receives the right to hit with his hand, he can set the cue ball with his hand or any part of the cue (including the sticker). When positioning the cue ball, any forward movement of the cue stick, accompanied by touching the cue ball with a sticker, is considered a violation, unless the conditions for a legal hit have been met.

15. Combination punches

Combination hits are legal, but the 8 cannot be the first object ball of such hits unless it is the player's only legal ball. In all other situations, touching the eight at the beginning is regarded as a foul.

16. Mis-potted balls

A ball is illegally potted if (1) a foul was committed at the time of the stroke, or (2) the ordered ball was not potted into the ordered pocket, or (3) a waiver was called prior to the stroke. Incorrectly pocketed balls are not exposed and are counted in favor of the player to whose group the pocketed ball belongs.

17. Popped up object balls

If an object ball goes overboard, it is considered a foul. Popping up the eight leads to a loss in the game. Popped object balls are never exposed.

18. Jump Foul and Mass

If the match is not under the supervision of a referee, then it is considered that the player committed a violation when performing a jump or mass, trying to jump over or go around the object ball that was moving, hitting it (in this case, it does not matter with what: hand, cue or machine).

19. Playing the figure eight

The player who pockets all the balls in his group gets the right to play eight. When making this shot, a foul or a pocketing of the cue ball is not considered a loss in the game if the eight was not pocketed or jumped overboard. After that, the opponent entering the game can place the cue ball anywhere on the table. Note: The eight cannot be pocketed with a combination shot unless it is the first ball touched by the cue ball.

20. Losing a game

The player loses the game if he commits one of the following violations:

Violated the rules during a shot that pocketed the eight (exception: the eight fell into the pocket during the opening shot).

The eight is potted at the same time as the last ball of his group.

The eight jumped overboard.

The eight is not pocketed in the ordered pocket.

The eight is pocketed before all the balls in his group have been potted.

Note: the violations listed above must be declared before the next stroke is made. Otherwise, it is considered that there was no violation.

21. Stalemate

If, after three consecutive violations by both players (six violations in total), the referee decides that any attempt to pocket or move an object ball will result in the loss of the set, then the position is considered a stalemate. In this case, the pyramid is placed again, and the initial blow is made by the player who broke in the last game. A position can be considered a stalemate regardless of the number of balls remaining on the table. Note: In a game of eight, three consecutive fouls do not count as a loss of the set.