Choose colored details to complete the picture of the house. Do-it-yourself tangram (game schemes, figures). Brief history of the technique

Do-it-yourself tangram (game schemes, figures)

Tangram - an old oriental puzzle of figures obtained by cutting a square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. As a result of folding these parts with each other, flat figures are obtained, the contours of which resemble all kinds of objects, ranging from humans, animals and ending with tools and household items. These types of puzzles are often referred to as "geometric construction sets", "cardboard puzzles" or "cut puzzles".

With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, highlight geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break an entire object into parts, and vice versa - to compose a given model from elements, and most importantly - to think logically.

How to make a tangram

A tangram can be made from cardboard or paper by printing out a template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print the tangram square diagram by clicking on the picture and selecting "print" or "save picture as...".

It is possible without a template. We draw a diagonal in a square - we get 2 triangles. Cut one of them in half into 2 small triangles. We mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. We cut off the middle triangle and the rest of the figures at these marks.

A more practical and durable tangram can be cut from a rigid office folder or a plastic DVD box. You can complicate your task a little by cutting out tangrams from pieces of different felt, overcasting them around the edges, or even from plywood or wood.

How to play tangram

Each figure of the game must be made up of seven parts of the tangram, and at the same time they must not overlap.

The easiest option for children is to assemble figures according to diagrams (answers) drawn into elements, like a mosaic. A little practice, and the child will learn to make figures according to the contour pattern and even invent their own figures according to the same principle.

Schemes and figures of the game tangram

AT recent times tangram is often used by designers. The most successful use of tangram, perhaps, as furniture. There are tangram tables, and transformable upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture, built on the principle of tangram, is quite comfortable and functional. It can be modified depending on the mood and desire of the owner. How many different options and combinations can be made from triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When buying such furniture, along with instructions, the buyer is given several sheets with pictures on various topics that can be folded from these shelves. In the living room you can hang shelves in the form of people, in the nursery you can put cats, hares and birds out of the same shelves, and in the dining room or library - the drawing can be on a construction theme - houses, castles, temples.

Here is such a multifunctional tangram.

Tangram is a puzzle that is a square cut into 7 pieces in a certain way. For preschoolers, the tangram is a great lesson to prepare for school. And at the age of 5-6 years, children love to play very much. They are interested in puzzles with pictures.

The goal of the game is to collect figures of people, animals, birds, numbers, objects from tangram parts ...

Tangram game rules:

• B assembled figure must include all seven parts.
• Parts should not overlap.
• Parts must be adjacent to each other.

Tangram scheme

(print possible in Word download file by clicking on the picture with the mouse)

Parts of a tangram

This is the tangram itself, fictitious pictures are obtained from its parts. You can buy it, but it's easy to do it yourself using the construction scheme. The drawing can be printed on colored paper on a printer or drawn independently using a ruler. Cut out puzzle pieces from colored paper. Then, laying out the desired figure, glue it on a dense sheet.

An example of a dog scheme - made by 1st grade students for a lesson in mathematics and technology.

The game for children tangram can be in several levels of difficulty. It is better to start with the simplest - lay out the figure according to the model.

Scheme - rocket

So you can fold a house out of a tangram.

At the second stage, you can invite the children to lay out the figures in a solid pattern.

And the third level, the most difficult: to come up with your own figures that look like people, animals, birds. We offer pictures invented by children.

Tangram pattern - fox

hare and camel

Scheme - man

Figures - fish

Print the scheme of tangram animals.
(fox, cat, hare, camel, horse, dog)

Print out the tangram number chart

(Clicking on the image will download a Word document file in docx format, which can be printed using Word)

There are various legends about the appearance of the tangram. Here is one of them...

Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the long-awaited son and heir was born to the elderly emperor of China. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and quick-witted beyond his years. One thing bothered the old emperor: his son, the future ruler of a vast country, did not want to study. It gave the boy more pleasure to play with toys all day long.

The emperor called three wise men to himself, one of whom was known as a mathematician, the other became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to come up with a game, having fun with which, his son would comprehend the beginnings of mathematics, learned to look at the world around him with the gaze of an artist , would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that often complex things are made up of simple things.

Three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Chu" - a square cut into seven parts.

Many figures can be obtained from parts of a tangram. You can invite the child to make, for example, a transport - a boat, an airplane, figurines - swordsmen, a rooster, a pelican, a tree, a candle.

Didactic puzzle game "Tangram"

Does everyone know what a tangram is? This is one of the famous puzzles. She was born in China over 3000 years ago. Of the 7 elements into which the square is divided, you can make up a set various items and animal figures.
Draw a square like this on cardboard and divide it into parts. To begin, ask your child to fold these pieces into a square again. It is better if the child copes with the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if it doesn’t work out, then, of course, you can use the sample.

Real drawings of those objects, the silhouette image of which is created using a puzzle game, are very useful. In this case, it will be easier for the child to imagine the depicted object and, perhaps, will make up his own version. Such activities are useful in preparing children for schooling.
wad of fluff-
Long ear.
Jumping smartly
Likes carrots (hare).

M. Gardner: "The charm of the tangram lies in the simplicity of the material and in its seeming unsuitability for creating figures with aesthetic appeal"

I will tell you one of the legends about the tangram.
"Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the long-awaited son and heir was born to the middle-aged emperor of China. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years. One thing bothered the old emperor: his son, the future ruler of a vast country, did not want to study. the greatest pleasure is to play with toys all day long.The emperor called to himself three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, the other became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to invent a game, amused by which, his son would comprehend the beginnings of mathematics, learn to look at the surrounding world with the gaze of an artist, would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that often complex things consist of simple things. Three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Chu" - a square cut into seven parts. "

With tangram, the child will learn to think logically, analyze images, highlighting geometric shapes, visually break the whole object into parts and vice versa. This game develops imagination, combinatorial abilities, attention, visual-figurative thinking, the ability to work according to instructions, quick wit, ingenuity, as well as perseverance and fine motor skills. In this oldest of the puzzles, such areas of development as mathematics, art, speech are integrated!

"Tangram" literally means "seven tablets of mastery". The name "tangram" originated in Europe, most likely from the word "tan" (which means "Chinese") and the root "gram" (translated from Greek "letter").
There are legends about the seven books of the sage Tan, in which thousands of figures are collected. He arranged the figures in his seven books according to the seven stages in the evolution of the earth. His tangrams begin with symbolic representations of chaos and the yin and yang principle. Then the simplest forms of life follow, as we move along the tree of evolution, figures of fish, birds, animals and humans appear. Along the way, in various places, images of what was created by man come across: tools, furniture, clothing and architectural structures. Indeed, the most complex things are made up of simple things!
Ronald Reed, in Tangrams: 330 Puzzles, encouraged readers to submit any other figures. Approximately 6.13 million possible configurations were proposed in response, in each of which at least one vertex and at least one side of any part coincide with the top and side of the other part. In this puzzle game, amateurs challenge professionals and everyone can win!
how our foreign colleagues introduce the guys into the game. Based on this video, turning off the English speech, I tell the children the legend about the origin of the game. Later, together with the guys, we repeat the figures from the legend and create our own illustrated book about tangram.

Tangram Rules
The task of the player in the developing game "Tangram" is to put the figures from the puzzle pieces so that, firstly, all puzzle pieces are used, and, secondly, the details do not overlap each other. The figures can be turned over as you like, put on any side. (Secret: you need to start by finding the place of the largest triangle.)

The real puzzle is the Tangram paradoxes.
The paradox is this: each time using the entire set, you can add two figures, one of which will be a subset of the other.
The Dudeney Paradox: Two monks, one has a leg and the other doesn't.
Loyd's paradox: a square and a square with a cut corner, consisting of the same seven parts of a tangram.

Variants of the game with tangram
1 option: Simplest. If the child is small, invite him to make a figure by superimposing elements on a sample divided into its component parts.
Option 2: If you figured out the first one, then you can make figures according to the example, that is, the picture is in front of you, and you compose the elements according to the model, divided into parts.
3 option: You can leave only the contours in the figure on the sample.
4 option: Actually creative tasks- to come up with and fold the figure yourself.

Educational game tasks for children 3-6 years old
For kids 3-4 years old, a rather difficult task will be to impose tangram figures on a finished sample (answer) of the puzzle. At the same time, children need to match the size and shape of the figures, find the correct position, accurately place the figure on the basis of the hint, which is not as easy as it seems. Naturally, the figures on the card must exactly match the size of the figures of the toy.

The same tasks should be used with older children, at the beginning of acquaintance with this educational game. It is enough to give two or three such tasks, and if the child can easily cope with them, you can move on to more difficult tasks.

Educational game tasks for children 5-8 years old
For children of this age, it will be possible to fold models from tangram figures already next to the answer card. In this case, the card may not match real size tangram details. As soon as the child can easily cope with such tasks, you can proceed to the next stage.

Educational game tasks for children from seven years and older.
Actually, this is where Tangram becomes a puzzle game. The child is offered to assemble the model, presenting only a card with the silhouette of the figure. At the age of seven, children will be able to cope with such a task only if they have already played easier options before.

Let's make a tangram ourselves:
The material for such a puzzle can be not only cardboard, but also porous rubber, a hard office folder or a plastic DVD box.

• buy kits with coloring pages, pictures, poems and riddles. The drawing next to each diagram helps the child to see what he has collected from the tangram and thus contributes to the development of imagination.
• video from class and tasks for children;
• schematics from neposed.net;
• interactive game;
• MK stamps "Tangram":

• Making a paper tangram on the road, for example, is as easy as shelling pears:

• Thermo mosaic tangram:

• Bath Sponge Tangram:

• Wall sticker decor is quite an affordable idea for decorating rooms:

• Tangram in printed board games (descriptions of games on English language):

download

• Online game for training visual memory. It is necessary, by moving the cursor over the buttons, open the pictures and select a picture that does not repeat. Meanwhile, the mouse makes its way to the cheese.

• Tasks with geometric shapes

Fold a triangle using the four parts of a tangram:

• Tasks for two, with two sets of puzzles, are great for teaching teamwork:

Fold a flower from two tangrams,

Both players take 4 pieces and fold the triangle:

rear

• Puzzles on one page and answers on another, like on this site, will give you the opportunity to calmly break your head,
• Graphic dictations.

• Tasks to circle figures, analyze the composition of a complex figure, etc. an important stage in preparing a hand for writing - see tasks from the experience of our foreign colleagues - Preparing a hand for writing with a tangram.

• Let's have a tangram tournament!

• Tangram inspires themed applications of geometric shapes. See thematic sets of schemes: people, pets, wild animals, birds. cats, sea animals, English letters, numbers, Chinese horoscope. If you are working on theme weeks, oh again and again you will repeat the skills of playing tangram.

It is noteworthy that the word "tangram" itself is actually an old English word, composed of two parts - "tan" - Chinese and "gram" - in Greek "letter". In China, the game is called Chi-Chao-Tu (7 ingenious pieces).

The essence of this puzzle lies in the folding of 7 geometric tanram figures of various silhouettes, as well as in inventing new ones. Imagine, it is estimated that 7000 different combinations can be made from the elements of the tangram. When solving the puzzle, you must follow only 2 rules: the first - you must use all 7 tangram figures, and the second - the figures should not overlap each other.

What is the use of tangram?

Folding according to tangram schemes contributes to the development of perseverance, attention, imagination, logical thinking, helps to create a whole from parts and at the same time foresee the result of one's activity, teaches one to follow the rules and act according to instructions. All these skills are necessary for the child while studying at school, and in adulthood.

Tangram: schemes for younger students

It is better for young children to offer simple and interesting tangram patterns, such as animal silhouettes. We offer to collect together with children a cat, carp, camel, fox, turkey and duck. Please note that one picture can be changed quite a bit by moving several figures, and the assembled animal changes position, that is, it seems to come to life.

kitty

carp and camel

Chanterelle

duck and turkey

For you detailed description tangram scheme with the image of a hare.

1. We will begin to make the first figure of our hare from the head - a square. Attach the ears to the head: a medium-sized triangle and a parallelogram. We will make the body from 2 large triangles, and the paws from small ones.

2. Our bunny was frightened of something and changed its shape: he pressed his ears, folded his paws. Let's lay out the body from 2 large triangles, connecting them in the form of a parallelogram. We will attach the head from the square to the body, and the ears from the parallelogram to the head. It remains to make paws from 2 small and 1 medium triangles.

3. The hare stopped being afraid and decided to look out from behind the bush: he pricked up his ears (a parallelogram and a middle triangle), and he also had a tail - a small triangle.

And this is how a fox chasing a hare looks like.

Tangram patterns for high school students

A fifth-grader can already safely take on more complex tangram schemes - images of people in motion. Also, children of this age will surely like the intricate silhouettes of numbers and letters.

Tangram develops abstract thinking well, so it will be useful for preschoolers who are preparing for school and.

Tangram in design

Adults can not only play tangram with kids, but also to go further - to use the technique of this puzzle in the design. You can decorate the interior in an original and beautiful way with bookshelves in the form of tangram figures.

Realize your most interesting ideas, it all depends on your imagination.