Banking operations with precious metals. Rules for the sale of coins from precious metals remotely

Question 1. The procedure for performing and documenting operations with commemorative coins.

Commemorative coins are of little interest to investors who want to profitably invest in precious metals for two main reasons: high cost, which is determined by the numismatic value, and not the amount of precious metal in the coin, and VAT on purchase. Thus, commemorative coins are not for investors, but for competent collectors who risk getting good money for their collection in the future.

The Bank of Russia is responsible for issuing commemorative coins. Coins of sports, historical, geographical series and others were issued (“Red Book of Russia”, “Architectural monuments of Russia”, “Outstanding personalities of Russia”, “Let's save our world”, “Outstanding commanders and naval commanders of Russia”, “Signs of the Zodiac” and “Lunar calendar").

Investment coins are a tool designed and suitable for investment. The first bullion coins were gold chervonets, containing 7.742 g of pure gold, and the silver coin "Sable" with a denomination of 3 rubles, containing 31.1 g of pure silver, then "Signs of the Zodiac" and others were issued. These coins have the status and technical characteristics of coins from precious metals, transactions with which, in accordance with the provisions of Article 149, Part 2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, are not subject to VAT.

Operations with investment coins are carried out at the exchange rate set by the bank, the difference between the purchase and sale prices is up to 10%. When buying lots of coins, discounts exist and apply.

Catalog of precious coins issued by the Central Bank Russian Federation can be viewed at the link: www.cbr.ru/bank-notes_coins/memorable_coins/. Coins sold by JSCB MOSOBLBANK JSC - Coins "George the Victorious", made of gold and silver.

1. GOLD COINS "GEORGE THE VICTORIOUS".

George the Victorious gold coins are made of 999 gold, weighing 7.78 g and 22.6 mm in diameter.

2. SILVER COINS "GEORGE THE VICTORIOUS".

Silver coins "George the Victorious" are made of silver 999, weighing 31.10 g and 39.0 mm in diameter.

Question 2. Implementation of the organization of production of commemorative coins and their release into circulation.

Commemorative coins are made in accordance with the souvenir-gift and collection purpose, so they have the highest quality of minting (“proof”) and, as a rule, a complex reverse design, small limited editions. These coins are issued for anniversaries and anniversaries, significant events of history and modernity, major sporting events, problems of protection environment etc.

Investment coins, in accordance with their name, are intended for the purpose of investing in precious metals. As a rule, they are minted in normal quality (“uncirculated”), have large or even unlimited circulation, which allows the final price of such a coin to be as close as possible to the value of the precious metal contained in it. The reverse pattern is simple in design, most often it is an image of an object, animal, historical figure, mythical character, etc., which is a recognizable symbol of the country that issued the coin. Such coins can be issued in several sizes with the same reverse design for many years.

"Proof" is the highest quality of minting coins and is achieved by using special high-tech high-pressure machines and special surface treatment methods in the production, which make it possible to obtain a surface with an even mirror field and a relief image with clear, clearly visible details. Such coins have, as a rule, complex in composition, multifaceted pattern.

Coins of "uncirculated" quality are most often made using a simplified technology based on the process of traditional highly automated minting production. In its simplest form, they have a matte or shiny surface of a uniform texture with a simple pattern. In the process of minting, minor mechanical damage is possible. In accordance with Russian legislation, transactions with coins that are minted using a simplified technology without obtaining a mirror field on the surface are exempt from VAT.

Each coin has certain specifications(type of precious metal, weight, fineness, denomination, etc.) and equipment (type of protective, gift packaging, availability of a certificate of authenticity and additional related items). Mass chemically pure metal in a coin, or pure mass, is the mass of the precious metal of the coin, without taking into account the impurities contained in it. It is measured in grams or troy ounces (the international standard for the mass of precious metals, equal to 31.1034807 g).

Unlike bullions of precious metals, indication on the coin of the net weight, type of precious metal, fineness, as well as the issuance of a certificate of authenticity by the manufacturer are not mandatory. The obligatory parameters that are always indicated on the coin are its denomination and the name of the issuer (country or main state financial authority). All technical information about the issued coin is published by the issuer in official publications (including official websites).

Each of the two sides of the coin includes a certain set of inscriptions and images. On the front side of the coins, called the obverse, an image is applied official symbols(coat of arms) of the state that issued the coin, denomination of the coin, year of issue.

On the reverse side of the coins, called the reverse, there is a main image related to the topic to which the coin is dedicated. The technical parameters of the coin - the type of metal, its mass, fineness - can be placed both on the obverse (Russian coins) and on the reverse (most foreign coins).

There are also exceptions, when, for example, the denomination is indicated on the reverse side of the coin, and the elements of the main image related to the theme of the coin are located not only on the reverse, but also partially on the obverse.

The side surface (edge) of a coin is called a edge. Most of the coins have a traditional fluted edge, less often a smooth edge. Sometimes inscriptions are applied to the edge of the coin.

Proper handling of coins made of precious metals, especially those minted in “proof” quality, requires certain skills, but at the same time is the key to maintaining excellent appearance coins for a long time. We strongly do not recommend touching the coin with your hands, since the fingerprint left on its surface (especially on the mirror field) is practically impossible to remove. Even if the trace is successfully cleaned, it is possible that fat residues invisible at first glance will enter into a chemical reaction with the surface composition of the coin and later oxidation spots will appear in this place.

To protect the surface of the coin from hand touches and mechanical damage, almost all modern coins from precious metals are packaged in transparent plastic capsules that allow for safe viewing and display.

Question 3. Setting prices for commemorative coins.

The purchase of coins made of precious metals is made from individuals with an identity document.

Branches of the bank of Sberbank of Russia purchase coins from precious metals only excellent states, i.e. no visible defects unarmed eye (stains, scratches, deformation, fingerprints, notches, burrs, etc.) and corresponding to the technical parameters established for them, as well as having a complete undamaged original equipment.

It is allowed to have:

For coins of large diameter (over 60 mm) - "orange peel effect" in narrow areas of the mirror field adjacent to the edge;

For coins quality "uncirculated" gold chervonets (7.74 g), gold "Pobedonosets" (7.78 g) and silver "Sobol-95" and "Pobedonosets" (31.1 g) - "light" short scratches visible to the naked eye on the obverse and reverse, small notches and burrs on the edge.

The purchase of coins made of precious metals is carried out in accordance with the list of denominations and prices set by the bank for these transactions.

The purchase of coins made of precious metals is carried out only in the original packaging, in which Sberbank of Russia sold coins of the corresponding denomination, unless otherwise specifically agreed.

If the above parameters do not match, the bank employee refuses to redeem the coins to the client.

"Taxation, accounting and reporting in a commercial bank", 2011, N 2

The sale of commemorative coins allows banks to expand the range of services provided, attract additional customers and increase the share of non-interest income. However, such operations are associated with the need to keep records not only of the coins themselves, but also of their packaging, which has its own value. There are other features of accounting for transactions with coins.

The concept and specifics of circulation of commemorative coins

Before considering the order accounting and taxation of operations of credit institutions with commemorative coins, let us turn to the definition - what exactly is invested in the concept of "commemorative coins".

As part of its issuing activities, the Bank of Russia puts into circulation commemorative coins made of precious and base metals and investment coins from precious metals, which are distributed both in our country and abroad. Given the peculiarities of the technological process of minting, coins can be divided into two main groups (according to the Bank of Russia website www.cbr.ru):

performed as "proof" (or "proof like");
performed in normal (A / C) or improved (B / A) quality.

Proof quality coins are produced by a method that allows to obtain a clean, mirror-like field and a matte relief image and inscriptions on the surface. As a rule, these are collectible coins, the release of which is timed to coincide with anniversaries and memorable dates, significant events in history and the present, or dedicated to topical issues of culture, environmental protection, and other topics. The drawings of their reverses are often complex in composition, multifaceted; the inscriptions indicate the subject to which the issue is devoted.

Coins of ordinary quality are the products of traditional highly automated minting production: exchange rate and change coins(circulating at face value as real means of payment), as well as coins made of precious metals for investment purposes, the circulation of which can reach several million pieces. Coins made of precious metals for investment purposes include:

"George the Victorious" - gold coins with a face value of 50 rubles. and silver coins with a face value of 3 rubles;
"Chervonets" - gold coins with a face value of 10 rubles;
"Sable" - silver coins with a face value of 3 rubles.

All other coins issued by the Bank of Russia containing precious metals, with the exception of those listed above, are commemorative coins, which are also called collection coins. At the same time, despite the fact that such coins can be collectible, they are also legal tender and should be accepted for payment at face value without any restrictions. It is this duality of purpose of commemorative coins that entails the peculiarities of accounting for transactions with them.

On the one hand, since commemorative coins are legal tender, they should be treated as cash, and on the accounts for accounting for cash (cash) their nominal value should be reflected.

On the other hand, commemorative coins are made containing precious metals and have artistic and collectible value. Thus, their actual value is many times higher than the face value. Therefore, when maintaining accounting records, in order to draw up complete and reliable reporting, it is logical to assume that the bank's balance sheet should reflect not only the nominal, but also the actual value of commemorative coins. This is indirectly evidenced by the requirements of Clause 1.12.4, Part I of Regulations of the Bank of Russia dated March 26, 2007 N 302-P "On the rules for maintaining accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation" (hereinafter - Regulation N 302-P), according to which the accounting policy of a credit institution should ensure the prevention of the creation of hidden reserves by deliberately understating assets or income and deliberately overstating liabilities or expenses.

In order to understand how both of these concepts are embodied, let us turn to the accounting procedure for operations with commemorative coins provided for by the Bank of Russia.

Accounting for operations with commemorative coins The first approach. Reflection of commemorative coins as a means of payment

The chart of accounts for accounting in credit institutions, approved by Regulation N 302-P, for accounting for operations with commemorative coins provides for:

account 47414 (P) "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins" and
account 47415 (А) "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins".

According to paragraph 4.63 of part II of Regulation N 302-P, they are intended to account for the amounts spent by a credit institution on the purchase of commemorative coins and received by it for their sale.

The characteristics of account 47414 "Payments for the purchase and sale of commemorative coins" provide that the value of the coins received is posted on its loan at the selling price in correspondence with the cash account at face value, the account for accounting for expenses for the difference between the face value and the selling price of the Bank of Russia . The debit also reflects the amounts transferred to the Bank of Russia for commemorative coins in correspondence with the correspondent account.

Thus, the following accounting entries are assumed for the credit of account 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins".

For the value of the nominal value of commemorative coins, the posting is carried out:

For the amount of the difference between the nominal and selling prices of the purchased commemorative coins, the posting is carried out:

Dt 70606 "Expenses"

Kt 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins".

At the same time, it is not specified at what point the second posting should be carried out - when purchasing or selling commemorative coins.

When selling commemorative coins, clause 4.63 of part II of Regulation N 302-P prescribes the following accounting entries:

Dt 30102 "Correspondent accounts of credit institutions with the Bank of Russia";

Dt 20202 "Cash desk of credit organizations" - for the amount received from the sale of coins;

Kt 20202 "Cash desk of credit institutions" - in the amount of the nominal value;

Kt 70601 "Income" - for an amount exceeding the face value of the coins.

Considering that the indicated transactions, which should be reflected when selling commemorative coins, do not imply the use of accounts 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins" and 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins", it is logical to assume that the write-off of the difference between the nominal and selling prices of purchased commemorative coins should occur at the time of their purchase.

However, in this case, until the moment of sale, commemorative coins will be reflected on the bank's balance sheet only at their nominal value, which will not fully reflect both their purpose and actual value. In addition, this procedure will be contrary to clause 1.12.11, part I of Regulation N 302-P, according to which assets must be accepted for accounting at their original cost. In this case, a significant part of the initial cost of the asset (commemorative coin), namely the difference between the face value and selling price, will be expensed at the time of initial recognition of the asset. A natural question arises: which of the above requirements of Regulation N 302-P is more priority - the characteristics of accounts 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins" and 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins" or general accounting principles?

It is necessary to clarify how the initial cost of commemorative coins is determined and what should be the accounting procedure for their acquisition and sale.

Second approach. Reflection of commemorative coins as an investment object

Recall that credit institutions, along with the characteristics of accounts, must use the Bank of Russia regulations on banking operations and the procedure for reflecting them in accounting, as indicated in clause 1, part II of Regulation N 302-P. Currently, the following regulatory documents of the Bank of Russia are in force regarding the circulation and accounting of operations with commemorative coins:

Bank of Russia Directive No. 1614-U of September 19, 2005 "On the Procedure for Issuing Commemorative and Investment Coins by the Bank of Russia to Resident Credit Institutions" (hereinafter referred to as Directive No. 1614-U);
Bank of Russia Directive No. 224-U, dated May 8, 1998, "On the Temporary Procedure for the Use of Balance Accounts 47414 and 47415 by Credit Institutions" (hereinafter referred to as Directive No. 224-U).

According to clause 13 of Directive N 1614-U, coins are accounted for by credit institutions at purchase prices and are not subject to revaluation. Indeed, in this case, accounting at the acquisition price will comply with the requirement of clause 1.12.11, part I of Regulation N 302-P that assets should be accepted for accounting at their original cost. The initial cost in the case of the purchase of coins from the Bank of Russia (or, in other words, the selling price) includes the following components (clause 3 of Directive N 1614-U): the face value of the coins, the value of the precious metals contained in them, the cost of production of coins and invoices expenses for their delivery from the mints to the vaults.

But if commemorative coins should be accounted for at their original cost, then in what accounts? The answer to the question is given by Instruction N 224-U. This regulatory document confirms the well-known saying that there is nothing more permanent than temporary: it was adopted back in the days of the "Accounting Rules in Credit Institutions ..." of June 18, 1997 N 61, successfully survived the introduction of the Regulations of the Bank of Russia dated 05.12.2002 N 205-P, in which, by the way, the characteristics of accounts 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins" and 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins" were exactly the same as now, and continues act to this day.

The procedure for the use by credit institutions of balance accounts 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins", 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins", established by Ordinance N 224-U, is as follows:

accounts 47414 "Payments for the purchase and sale of commemorative coins", 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins" shall reflect the difference between the payment to a credit institution for commemorative coins at the purchase price (or proceeds for the sold commemorative coins at the sale price) and face value coin value;
to account for the amounts of payments for purchased commemorative coins and the amounts of proceeds from their sale, credit institutions must use balance accounts 47422 "Bank liabilities for other operations" and 47423 "Bank claims for other operations" in the prescribed manner.

Therefore, to account for settlements for the purchase and sale of commemorative coins, Ordinance N 224-U prescribes the use of accounts 47422 "Bank obligations for other operations" and 47423 "Bank claims for other operations", and not account 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins" and 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins". In turn, accounts 47414 "Payments for the purchase and sale of commemorative coins" and 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins" will reflect the difference between the nominal value and the purchase (sale) price of commemorative coins, which, as indicated above, according to the characteristics of these accounts, should have been written off as expenses (income). Thus, the above concept of accounting for assets at their acquisition price will be implemented, and it will also ensure that the balance sheet reflects not only the nominal, but also the actual value of commemorative coins during the period they are owned by a credit institution.

Accounting for the purchase of commemorative coins

Before proceeding to the consideration of specific postings, let's turn to the requirements of tax legislation.

According to paragraphs. 11 p. 2 art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are not recognized as an object of taxation for value added tax transactions for the sale in the territory of the Russian Federation of coins made of precious metals (with the exception of collectible coins), which are the currency of the Russian Federation or the currency of foreign states. At the same time, collectible coins made of precious metals include coins made of precious metals, which are the currency of the Russian Federation, minted using a technology that provides a mirror surface. Consequently, the sale of commemorative coins does not fall under the said exemption and must be subject to VAT in the prescribed manner.

As a result, based on the combined requirements of Regulation N 302-P and Directive N 224-U to the extent that they do not contradict each other, as well as the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, we obtain the following accounting procedure for the purchase of commemorative coins (both from the Bank of Russia and from third parties persons):

Transfer of funds for purchased commemorative coins:

Kt 30102 "Correspondent accounts of credit institutions with the Bank of Russia";

Kt 20202 "Cash desk of credit institutions";

CT of the client's account - by the amount of the purchase price (sales price) of commemorative coins.

Getting coins:

Dt 20202 "Cash desk of credit institutions" - in the amount of the nominal value of coins;

Dt 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins" - for the difference between the selling price and the face value of the coins;

Dt 60310 "Value added tax paid" - by the amount of VAT paid to the seller

Kt 47423 "Bank claims for other operations" - by the value of the purchase price (sales price) of commemorative coins.

If, however, the supply of coins occurs first, then the debit entries of accounts 20202 "Cash desk of credit organizations", 47415 "Bank claims for other operations", 60310 "Value added tax paid" are in correspondence with account 47422 "Bank liabilities for other operations" , and upon payment, the corresponding amount is debited to the debit of account 47422 "Bank's obligations for other operations."

Further, depending on the bank's accounting policy in terms of value added tax, the paid VAT is either deductible or expensed (if the bank applies the right granted by clause 5 of article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In the latter case, I would like to note only one nuance - the VAT paid when purchasing commemorative coins should be charged to expenses at the time of their sale or withdrawal from the bank for other reasons. In other words, the specified amounts of VAT must be recorded on account 60310 "Value Added Tax Paid" as long as the value of the corresponding commemorative coins is recorded on the bank's balance sheet. The rationale for this position will be given in the second part of the article "Tax accounting of operations with commemorative coins" in the next issue of the journal.

So, the cost of commemorative coins purchased by the bank before the date of their retirement is reflected in accounts 20202 "Cash desk of credit institutions" - in terms of nominal value, 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins" - in terms of the difference between the acquisition cost (excluding VAT) and nominal value and on account 60310 "Value added tax paid" - in terms of VAT.

A similar approach to the procedure for using account 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins" and accounting for the purchase of commemorative coins is also followed by the Department for Organizing Accounting, Reporting and Settlements of the Moscow State Technical University of the Bank of Russia in response to private questions ("Banks and business world", N 12/2008), with the exception that the publication does not include VAT entries.

We also note that, in accordance with clause 1.12.12 of Regulation N 302-P, valuables and documents recorded in balance sheet accounts are not reflected in off-balance sheet accounts, except as provided for by these Rules and Bank of Russia regulations. Neither Regulation N 302-P, nor other regulatory acts of the Bank of Russia indicate that additional records of acquired commemorative coins should be kept on off-balance accounts. Consequently, commemorative coins purchased by the bank at its own expense should not be additionally reflected in off-balance accounts.

However, if the bank purchased commemorative coins for the client under a commission agreement, then the situation with the reflection on balance and off-balance accounts is reversed. In accordance with Art. 996 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, things received by the commission agent from the principal or acquired by the commission agent at the expense of the principal are the property of the latter, which means that the commission agent bank should not reflect commemorative coins purchased for the principal in its balance sheet. Thus, the accounting of commemorative coins purchased under a commission agreement should be carried out by the commission bank on an off-balance account 91202 "Miscellaneous values and documents". Such clarifications are given in Letter No. 18-1-3-8/1109 of the Bank of Russia dated June 19, 2006 "On Accounting for Operations with Commemorative and Investment Coins".

Accounting for the sale of commemorative coins

Now let's consider the accounting entries that should be reflected when commemorative coins are retired, based on the above approach to the mode of using accounts 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins" and 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins". There were also questions here, this time related to the need to use account 612 "Disposal and sale".

Instruction N 224-U, as well as the description of accounts 47414 and 47415, does not contain requirements for using account 612 "Disposal and sale" to reflect operations for the disposal of commemorative coins. At the same time, in accordance with clause 3.3 of Appendix 3 to Regulation N 302-P, in order to fully, reliably and timely reflect in the accounting records income from the supply (sale) of assets (except for the purchase and sale of foreign currency), balance sheets are used to record disposals ( implementation). In cases where these Rules do not define a specific second-order account for accounting for the disposal (sale) of certain types of assets for accounting for the disposal (sale) of certain types of assets, a balance sheet account for accounting for the disposal (sale) of property should be used. From this we can conclude that when commemorative coins are disposed of, account 61209 "Disposal (sale) of property" should be used.

According to paragraphs 3.1, 3.3 of Appendix 3 to Regulation N 302-P, income from operations for the supply (sale) of assets is recognized in accounting, subject to the following conditions:

the right to receive this income by the credit institution follows from a specific agreement or is confirmed in another appropriate way;
the amount of income can be determined;
as a result of a specific transaction for the supply (sale) of an asset, the ownership of the asset being supplied passed from the credit institution to the buyer.

Therefore, transactions for the sale of commemorative coins should be recorded on the date when ownership of them is transferred to the buyer. If such a date is not indicated in the contract of sale and other primary documents, then the transactions should be reflected on the date of signing the document evidencing the transfer of coins.

Accounting entries on the date of sale of commemorative coins, taking into account all the above requirements, will be as follows.

The write-off of the nominal value of retired coins is reflected in the following posting:

Kt 20202 "Cash desk of credit organizations".

The write-off of the difference between the purchase price and the face value of the retiring coins is reflected in the following entry:

Dt 61209 "Disposal (sale) of property"

Kt 41415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins".

The accrual of VAT on the sale of coins is reflected in the following entry:

Dt 61209 "Disposal (sale) of property"

Kt 60309 "Value added tax received".

The write-off of the payment received from the buyer in the case when the payment is received on the day the coins are retired is reflected in the following entry:

Dt 20202 "Cash desk of credit organizations"

Dt 30102 "Correspondent accounts of credit institutions with the Bank of Russia"

Dt customer account

In the case when the payment arrives later/before the withdrawal of the coins, its write-off is reflected in the postings:

Dt 47423 "Bank requirements for other operations";

Dt 47422 "Obligations of the bank for other operations";

Kt 61209 "Disposal (sale) of property" - by the value of the sale price of commemorative coins.

Profit from the sale of commemorative coins is reflected in the following posting:

Dt 61209 "Disposal (sale) of property"

Kt 70601 "Income" - by the amount of the difference between the sale price of commemorative coins and the price of their acquisition (excluding VAT).

Reflection of the loss from the sale of commemorative coins is carried out by posting:

Dt 70606 "Expenses"

Kt 61209 "Disposal (sale) of property" - by the amount of the difference between the sale price of commemorative coins and the price of their acquisition (net of VAT).

Since the sale of commemorative coins relates to the operating activities of banks, the income received from this should be reflected under symbol 16306 "Other operating income", and expenses - 25303 "Other operating expenses".

If there should be no particular difficulties in determining the face value of the retiring coins and the price of their sale, then distinguishing the difference between the purchase price and the face value attributable to the retiring coins can be quite laborious, especially if coins of the same type were purchased at different times at different prices.

Note that for different accounting objects, Regulation N 302-P either provides for the possibility of choosing a method for estimating the value of retiring assets (for example, for securities - clause 1.7 of Appendix 11 to Regulation N 302-P), or fixes the only possible method of valuation - by cost each unit (for example, for inventories - clause 5.7 of Appendix 10 to Regulation N 302-P). The possibility of choosing and establishing by a credit institution a specific method for assessing the value of commemorative coins being retired is not directly provided, but, however, is not prohibited by regulatory documents. In this regard, it would be advisable for a credit institution to fix in its accounting policy the method used by it to determine the value of retiring commemorative coins - for example, by the cost of each unit, FIFO or by weighted average cost.

So, we have considered two approaches to the accounting procedure for operations with commemorative coins. The first is based on the characteristics of accounts 47414 "Payments for the acquisition and sale of commemorative coins" and 47415 "Requirements for payments for purchased and sold commemorative coins", enshrined in Regulation N 302-P, the second - on the temporary procedure for using these accounts, set out in Instruction N 224-U, general principles accounting and address clarifications of the Moscow GTU of the Bank of Russia. Ultimately, the choice of which position to adhere to remains with the credit institution and its accounting policy. And although the second approach seems to be more logical and consistent with general accounting approaches, it is possible that representatives of the Bank of Russia will insist on literally following the specific requirements for characterizing accounts 47414 and 47415 and, therefore, on using the first approach. But be that as it may, the accounting procedure chosen by the credit institution for operations with commemorative coins, including standard entries, should be fixed in the accounting policy.

Accounting for the packaging of commemorative coins

Since there is no reason to believe that the cost of packaging is included in the cost of a commemorative coin, if this is not specified in the primary documents, therefore, accounting for such packages should be organized as accounting for ordinary inventories, taking into account the requirements of Appendices 3 and 10 to Regulation N 302-P.

The cost of the packages purchased by the bank must be reflected by the bank on account 61008 "Materials" on the basis of clause 5.3 of Appendix 10 to Regulation N 302-P, according to which account 61008 "Materials" takes into account one-time use (consumed) for the provision of services, economic needs, in the process management, technical purposes inventory, including containers and packaging materials. When commemorative coins are retired, the cost of their packaging should also be written off. Based on the requirements of clause 5.9.3 of Appendix 10 to Regulation N 302-P, when attributing the cost of inventories to expenses when putting them into operation or when using them, the following accounting entries are made:

Dt 70606 "Expenses"

Kt 610 "Materials".

But since packages of commemorative coins are not written off for operation and are not used by the bank for their own needs, but are transferred to buyers, accounting entries for their disposal must be reflected in compliance with the requirements of clause 10.5 of Appendix 10 to Regulation N 302-P, that is, using account 61209 "Retirement (realization) of property" and the derivation of the financial result from disposal. If the cost of the package is not specified separately in the documents drawn up during the sale of commemorative coins, then the financial result of the disposal of the package will obviously be a loss in the amount of its value.

Also, one should not forget that the transfer of packaging to the client both for a fee and free of charge for the purposes of calculating value added tax is recognized as a sale (clause 1 clause 1 article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Consequently, when commemorative coins in a package are retired, VAT must be calculated both on the price of the coins themselves and on the cost of the package.

E.A. Ilyina

Chief Accountant

Chelyabinsk branch

Entrepreneurs and lawyers individuals will deal with this issue themselves. My task is to enlighten ordinary “physicists”, individuals, in this matter. Consider a typical situation: a collector spends personal funds on his collection, but periodically sells something from the collection. Naturally, he does not want the tax authorities to tear off pieces from these sales, since he is already spending a lot. Well, if you have to legally give something to the state, then I would like not to overpay and not run into trouble when, due to some nonsense, a modest hundred rubles of tax increase by another thousand in penalties and fines. If the sale takes place for cash without paper contracts, these issues, of course, do not bother anyone. If the sale takes place through someone, for example, through the Kizikin online auction, you have to “shine” your passport, sign the contract, and receive money by bank transfer. Different people have different attitudes to this: someone perceives it as easily as when selling for cash, someone cannot even imagine that his shabby ruble of 1896 will be sold “officially”. The truth, as is often the case, lies somewhere in the middle, in this case closer to the option "it's not much harder than just selling the thing for cash."

First, let's define terms.

Let's talk about coins, bearing in mind that what has been said applies equally to any movable property (antiques, cars, paintings, etc.). Let's just not list a long list each time.
We will call a seller an individual who sells his coins through a store. What is a store - see the next paragraph.
We will call a store any organization that helps sellers (see item 2) profitably get rid of their coins (see item 1). It can be a thrift store, an online auction or a regular auction, and indeed any intermediary.

Now a short summary:

If the coins have been owned by the seller for more than three years, then there is no need to pay or report.
Tax (personal income tax) is paid by the seller, he also submits a declaration to the tax office.
The tax is zero for "small" sellers whose annual revenue does not exceed 250 thousand rubles.
The store does not provide information about the seller anywhere. 5. If you forget everything at all, and suddenly the seller’s tax office suddenly calculates, then the “small” seller risks running into a fine of 1000 rubles.

Actually, if you trust me, you can not read further. Nothing new will follow, just these conclusions will be proved by references to the legislation of the Russian Federation. The first question is: who should pay - the seller or the store. An exhaustive answer to this question was given by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation in a letter dated March 28, 2008 No. 03-04-05-01 / 89. There it is clearly explained, with references to the articles of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation:

The seller pays the tax, he also calculates this tax and submits the corresponding tax declaration to the tax authority at the place of residence.
The store is NOT OBLIGED to provide the tax authorities with information about the income received by the sellers.

The full text of the letter is given at the end of the article, those who wish can figure it out on their own, you will still come to the same conclusions. From myself I will add the second point: if the store is not obliged to do something, believe me, it will definitely not do this. He doesn’t need it in FIG, and even the store is pretty limited by the Law on Personal Data. Now the second question: how much to pay? Theoretically, you have to pay 13%, this is the personal income tax rate. But not from the entire amount, the Tax Code allows you to reduce the taxable base by the amount of the so-called tax deduction. We look at Article 220 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, directly the first paragraph: 1. When determining the size of the tax base in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 210 of this Code, the taxpayer has the right to receive the following property tax deductions: 1) in the amounts received by the taxpayer in the tax period from the sale of residential buildings , apartments, rooms, including privatized residential premises, dachas, garden houses or land plots and shares in the said property, owned by the taxpayer for less than three years, but not exceeding 1,000,000 rubles in total, as well as in amounts received in the tax period from the sale of other property owned by the taxpayer for less than three years, but not exceeding 250,000 rubles in total. Instead of using the right to receive a property tax deduction provided for by this subparagraph, the taxpayer has the right to reduce the amount of his taxable income by the amount of expenses actually incurred and documented by him in connection with the receipt of these incomes, except for the sale by the taxpayer of his securities. Those. up to 250 thousand rubles per year, you can safely trade without thinking about taxes. In addition, if we sell without profit and have supporting documents that we sold for no more than we bought, again, we don’t think about taxes. But, unfortunately, we are thinking about the process of filing a declaration. Even if you do not need to pay tax, you will have to submit 2 pieces of paper: an income declaration and a requirement to provide a deduction. To cheer up, we also look at article 217 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation: Income not subject to taxation (exempt from taxation), we are interested in clause 17.1: 17.1) income received by individuals who are tax residents of the Russian Federation for the corresponding tax period from the sale of residential buildings, apartments, rooms, including privatized residential premises, dachas, garden houses or land plots and shares in the said property, owned by the taxpayer for three years or more, as well as when selling other property owned by the taxpayer for three years or more. Those. if the taxpayer can prove that he has owned the thing for more than three years, then no taxes need to be paid on the sale of this thing. You don't even need to file a declaration. About this nuance it would be necessary in more detail. Let's say the seller sold coins for 200 thousand. If the coins were owned by him for less than three years, then he must submit a declaration and at the same time a requirement for the application of the deduction in accordance with clause 1. article 220 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. As a result, the tax is zero, but there is a slight tension. If you score and do not file, then they can solder a fine in the amount of some percent of the tax amount (from 5 to 30, but it doesn’t matter, from zero any percentage is zero), but not less than 1000 rubles (clause 1 of article 119 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) . The amount is not ruinous, of course, but still. Here everyone must decide for himself: either risk this thousand, hoping that the tax office does not calculate, or strain and report as expected. (personally, if I hadn’t been an individual entrepreneur, I probably wouldn’t have bothered my beloved state with such a trifle as a zero declaration) If the coins were owned for more than three years, then sell them at least for a million dollars - they are not taxed at all. Exactly not taxed, ie. no declaration is required. Previously, it was not so: such income was taxed, as it were, but a deduction was provided in the amount of income. Those. I didn't have to pay, but I had to dirty the paper. It has gotten better since 2009. Total dry residue:

If the coins have been owned for more than three years and this can be confirmed, there is no need to pay taxes or file declarations.
If the coins were owned for less than three years and the income from their sale is less than 250 thousand rubles. per year, then you do not need to pay tax, but you must submit a declaration and a requirement to provide a tax deduction.
If the coins were owned for less than three years, they are sold cheaper than they were bought, and there are documents confirming this, you do not need to pay tax even on sales of more than 250 thousand rubles, but you must submit a declaration and demand to provide a tax deduction.
If the declaration is not submitted, then in addition to the zero tax, a fine of 1000 rubles may come.

In conclusion, I’ll add that I filed this declaration and a claim for a deduction (I sold the car, but the traffic police is not a store, they transfer information to the tax office). Nothing complicated. I am ready to help our clients with this matter literally free of charge. The promised letter from the Ministry of Finance: MINISTRY OF FINANCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION LETTER dated March 28, 2008 N 03-04-05-01 / 89 ... In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 24 of the Code, tax agents are recognized as persons who, in accordance with the Code, are responsible for calculating, withholding from the taxpayer and transferring taxes to the budget system of the Russian Federation. Article 226 of the Code establishes the specifics of the calculation of personal income tax by tax agents, in particular individual entrepreneurs. Paragraph 2 of this article determines that the provisions of Art. 226 do not apply to the income specified in art. 228 of the Code. Article 228 of the Code stipulates that individuals who receive income from the sale of property owned by these persons under the right of ownership are obliged to independently calculate the personal income tax on such income, submit the relevant tax declaration to the tax authority at the place of their registration and pay within the established time limits. calculated tax in the relevant budget. Based on the foregoing, an individual entrepreneur from whom an individual receives income from the sale of property is not a tax agent in relation to such income of this individual and, therefore, the taxpayer must independently calculate the amount of tax, submit an appropriate tax declaration to the tax authority at the place of its registration and pay the calculated tax to the appropriate budget. The Code does not establish the obligation of persons who are not tax agents to submit to the tax authority information on the income received from them by individuals. This obligation is established by Art. 230 of the Code only for tax agents.

Commemorative coins include commemorative, commemorative, investment and other coins of special minting, which are the currency of the Russian Federation, in the manufacture of which expensive materials are used (in particular, precious metals), complex minting technologies and artistic design methods are used. This gives commemorative coins specific properties and allows them to circulate both as a means of payment at face value, and as collectibles, investments, and hoardings at a different value.
The organization of the production of commemorative coins and their issuance into circulation is carried out by the Department of Issuing and Cash Operations of the Bank of Russia, which:
places orders from the Bank of Russia for the minting of commemorative coins;
controls the timely and high-quality execution of these orders by mints;
informs the territorial offices of the Bank of Russia and interregional depositories about the release of commemorative coins into circulation, their circulation, technical parameters, selling prices;
organizes, in accordance with the established procedure, their delivery from mints to inter-regional depositories.
Commemorative coins are stored in the cash vault separately from other coins and valuables.
Decisions to issue commemorative coins into circulation are made by the Board of Directors of the Bank of Russia. The release of commemorative coins into circulation is carried out exclusively with the permission of the Department of Emission and Cash Operations.
Commemorative coins are issued to credit institutions and specialized numismatic organizations by order of the Department of Emission and Cash Operations at sale prices, which include the actual costs of the Bank of Russia for the production of commemorative coins, their delivery from mints to interregional depositories and release into circulation.
Inter-regional depositories issue commemorative coins only of the highest degree of safety, i.e. coins that do not have mechanical damage visible to the naked eye due to circulation.
Cash settlement centers accept applications for commemorative coins only from those credit institutions that, in a cash service agreement with a territorial institution
The Bank of Russia or with a cash settlement center acting but under the power of attorney of the latter, undertook to carry out operations with commemorative coins.
The reverse cash desk of the interregional depository transfers commemorative coins by cash order to the storeroom for processing valuables for recalculation, repacking and evaluation of commemorative coins at selling prices.
When preparing commemorative coins for issuance, employees of the valuables processing store carry out their recalculation, repacking and evaluation at selling prices.
At the same time, commemorative coins containing precious metal Cі.i are subject to obligatory recalculation by mugs, and the number of commemorative coins made of non-precious metals "can be determined" to be drunk without opening the package, according to labels.
Recalculation, repackaging of commemorative coins and their evaluation at sale prices is carried out by cashiers in the presence of the senior inspector of the vault or the head of the vault. At the same time, the counting and repacking of commemorative coins containing precious metals is carried out by two employees: a cashier and a finisher.
Commemorative coins prepared for issuance are packed in boxes, then put into bags, which are stitched and sealed. Bags are labeled with the following details:
name of the interregional repository;
packing date;
name and number of coins;
denomination of coins;
name of metal or alloy of coins;
the amount of investment at face value in figures;
the amount of the investment at selling prices in figures and words;
signatures and nominal stamps of employees who recounted and packed coins;
name of the beneficiary credit institution.
Pantry for the processing of values of interregional storage
shsha issues packaged commemorative coins to collectors by proxy of the main cash settlement center for delivery to him.
The tin settlement and cash center receives commemorative coins received from the interregional depository without opening the packaging and issues commemorative coins to the credit institution in the forging of the interregional depository. Issuance of commemorative coins \|is carried out by proxy of this credit institution. 11|> Claims for the investments of packages with commemorative coins issued by them are accepted only after the results of opening the packages directly upon receipt of commemorative coins in the premises of the head settlement and cash center in the presence of its representative.
The basis for the issuance of commemorative coins by the head cash settlement center is a copy of the credit organization's application for commemorative coins received by this head cash settlement center directly from the credit organization, and a copy of the credit organization's payment order for the amount of the cost of commemorative coins in selling prices.
Credit institutions carry out purchase and sale transactions with commemorative coins and other transactions provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Operations with commemorative coins must be carried out in a room equipped in the prescribed manner for cash customer service.
In order to carry out operations with commemorative coins with their clients, credit institutions independently set the sale and purchase prices for commemorative coins. Prices for commemorative coins are calculated on the basis of selling prices for them set by the Bank of Russia, taking into account the coverage of operating expenses of credit institutions, ensuring the profitability of their operations with commemorative coins and the taxes and fees provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
During the period of time established by a credit institution for carrying out transactions with commemorative coins with customers, credit institutions quote commemorative coins: they place in a place visible to customers or publish in other ways acceptable to their customers their price lists indicating the sale prices and purchase prices for commemorative coins .
During the entire period of time established for carrying out transactions with commemorative coins with customers, a credit institution may not avoid concluding transactions with customers for the sale and purchase of quoted commemorative coins at quoted prices, limit transactions to only the sale or only purchase of commemorative coins, or condition these transactions on what - or additional requirements.
Selling and buying prices for commemorative coins of credit institutions are set for commemorative coins of the highest degree of safety, i.e., for such coins that do not have damage visible to the naked eye due to circulation.
In transactions with commemorative coins of a lower degree of safety, credit institutions can independently set adjustment coefficients for sale and purchase prices depending on the degree of safety of coins, by mutual agreement, taking into account the characteristics of a particular coin and market conditions.
Credit institutions are obliged to provide all necessary information and documentation on their operations with commemorative coins to representatives of state regulatory organizations, the Bank of Russia and its territorial offices.
Cash settlement centers have the right to refuse to accept orders for commemorative coins from those credit institutions that:
do not comply with the requirements established for cash customer service;
do not provide conditions for the safe preservation of commemorative coins in accordance with the current requirements for the organization of work with valuables;
whose activities cause regular complaints from customers about the incompetence of staff in matters of working with commemorative coins, unreasonable refusals to make transactions with quoted commemorative coins, restrictions on such transactions, etc.;
allow violations of the rules for accounting for transactions with commemorative coins and the established procedure for calculating taxes on indemnification from these transactions.
Each market participant, at his own expense and under his own responsibility, organizes and carries out work on the identification and examination of commemorative coins, transactions with which he conducts.
The Bank of Russia sends to the territorial offices of the Bank of Russia and publishes the materials necessary for the identification and examination of commemorative coins:
official reference data and current standards HU commemorative coins containing precise descriptions of the technical parameters of coins (mass, fineness, diameter, thickness) and the limits of G and deviations (tolerances) from these parameters;
official detailed descriptions external design of commemorative coins;
orientation about the facts and methods of falsification of commemorative coins, as well as relevant recommendations on the Ml1 year of their detection.
In connection with the changes introduced by the Bank of Russia to the sale prices for commemorative coins, credit institutions are revaluing their unsold balances. Commemorative coins prepared for issuance to customers, but unpaid (money funds for which were not received at the cash desk of the stump on the account of a credit institution) and not issued to customers for ) are subject to revaluation.