The very first game on PC. The history of the emergence, formation, development of computer video games (26 photos). Features of computer games
History of development computer games(1 part)
©First copies of games
1952
The first logical computer game "OXO" was created - a computer implementation of "tic-tac-toe" (a field of three by three cells, the user made his move, after which the computer made a response move). The game was created by A.S. Douglas during his doctoral studies at the University of Cambridge (UK). Douglas was writing his dissertation on the topic of human-computer interaction, and he used the game as a visual illustration. The game existed in a single copy on a large computer - the EDSAC mainframe.
1958
The first tennis simulator has been created. The creator - William Higinbotem - one of the scientists of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (New York, USA). The game was called "Tennis for Two". In this game, two people controlled moving platforms in such a way as to hit the ball. The computer did not participate in the game, but only in real time drew the result of the players' actions on the oscilloscope. This game existed in a single copy.
1962.
Created a computer game "SpaceWar!". The creators are Steve Russell and a group of students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MTI) (Cambridge, USA). The game consisted of the following: two small spaceship flew across the screen, shot at each other and dodged the only movable obstacle in the form of a star. Especially for the game, controllers were created that are vaguely similar to modern joysticks. "SpaceWar!" became the first truly computer game, because the two previous games were only a computer implementation of already existing board games. This game has existed for a long time in a single copy.
(In fact, MTI started making games a little earlier. From 1959 to 1961, three games were created on the TX-0 computer, even before SpaceWar! and a piece of cheese (dot), and a mouse computer (another dot) was trying to get through the maze to the cheese "HAX": controlling the sound device with the computer "Tic-Tac-Toe": another one computer version tic-tac-toe games. Unfortunately, these games were not captured in the photo, the fact of their existence was confirmed only in words).
The beginning of distribution of games
1962.
In April 1962, DEC began selling the relatively small PDP-1 computers. The basic package of these computers included the game "SpaceWar!" as a test program. Thus "SpaceWar!" became the first game released in circulation.
1966.
Ralph Baer, having learned that his idea of interactive television, voiced in 1951, is already being implemented in the form of computer games, began to develop new game prototypes. He created 7 experimental games.
1968.
Ralph Baer develops his experimental console called "Box Brown" (Brown box). It could play all the games he invented. There were also simple arcade games - "Chase Game": two squares chase each other on the screen; and games of a completely new type of "Target Shooting games": you had to shoot a light gun at the screen.
1969.
Programmer Ken Thompson created a video game called "Space Travel" for operating system(OS) "Multics". In this game, the movement of all the planets of the solar system was simulated, the player controlled the spacecraft and had to carefully land the ship on one of the planets. The notability of this game is that when it was ported to assembler, the author began writing a new OS "UNIX".
1970
The computer mouse is invented. Douglas Engelbart received a patent for "indication system X-Y positions on the monitor. This system looked like a square wooden mouse, with large wheels. But in computer games, the mouse began to be used much later.
1971.
Release of the first arcade machines. In September 1971, the first experimental arcade machine with the game "Galaxy" (a version of "Spacewar" redesigned for the PDP-11 computer) was installed at Stanford University (California, USA).
In November 1971, Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney create the game "Computer Space" (a modification of "Spacewar" for slot machines). Nutting Associates buys the rights to the game and releases 1,500 arcade machines with this game (but managed to sell a little more than a third of all machines). "Computer Space" was the first computer game in the world published for the general public.
Baseball simulation game "Computer Baseball" for the PDP-10 computer has been created. Created by Don Daglow. The computer processed the player's actions and output the results to the printer.
Created text game "Star Trek" for minicomputer Sigma 7. Created by Mike Mayfield. In the game, the computer described the game environment with text, the player also answered with the help of text what actions he wanted to perform.
The Oregon Trail game was created for teletypes. The creators are Don Ravitsch and two other students from Carleton College.
1972
Created the first home game console. On May 24, Magnavox launched and sold its first set-top box, the Magnavox Odyssey. As games for the console, all the achievements of Ralph Baer, created by him in 1968, were used.
First successful sales. Due to poor returns on Computer Space, Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney leave Nutting Associates and form Atari together. (The name of the company comes from one of the moves in the board game "Go"). That same year, on November 29, Atari releases its first game, Pong (a vastly improved version of Tennis for Two). 19,000 slot machines were sold. The game was waiting for a resounding success and worldwide fame. Pong was the first commercially successful game.
Mainframe game "Hunt The Wumpus" created. Created by Gregory Yob. It was a text adventure game.
Formation of gaming companies
1973.
Emergence of gaming companies in Japan. On March 19, Kagemasa Kozuki, the owner of Konami, a jukebox manufacturing and repair company, starts the production of arcade machines at the same time.
In May, Hudson Soft is founded (Sapporo, Japan). The founders are the Kudo brothers. At first, the company was engaged in the sale of telecommunications devices, but quickly switched to the development of video games. (Thus, Atari and Magnavox had their first overseas competitors.)
Atari creates Gotcha, an arcade maze game.
The first online game- "Empire" on "PLATO" computers. Created by John Daleske. It was strategic turn based game maximum for 8 players. Players controlled spaceships, developed industry, produced goods, bought new ships.
1974.
The first civilian computer network "Telenet" (a commercial version of the experimental network "ARPANET" of the US Department of Defense) was opened.
Created a network game "MazeWar" on computers "Imlac PDS-1". Also, this is the first game with a first-person view. In MazeWar, multiple players walked through a pseudo 3D maze and fought each other.
Created the game "SpaSim". The ideas are the same as in "MazeWar": up to 32 players simultaneously fought each other over the network, but now not in the maze, but against the backdrop of space.
Created the game "Tank" from the company "Kee Games". It was the first game to use a program ROM. (Immediately after this release, Atari buys Kee Games.)
The first magazine dedicated to arcade machines is published. The name of the magazine is Play Meter.
Sales of the Magnavox Odyssey set-top box begin worldwide, not just in the USA.
Namco acquires the Japanese division of Atari and formally enters the arcade video game market.
1975
By 1975, the initial market for consoles and arcade machines in the US had taken shape. The market was occupied by four large companies Atari, Sears, Coleco, Magnavox.
The first text role-playing game(RPG) Dungeon.
Created the first game in the genre of "interactive fiction" called "Colossal Cave Adventure" for PDP-10 computers. Created by William Crowther. This game set the main direction for the development of the adventure genre.
The first japanese game. Taito employee Tomohiro Nishikado releases Western Gun game. There were silhouettes of people on the screen that had to be hit using two levers on the controller. A little later, this game was redesigned for the Intel 8080 microprocessor (the first game on a microprocessor) and released by Midway in the USA under the name "Gun Fight".
Atari and Tele-Games launch the Pong home video game console.
1976
In April, Atari releases slot machine with the game "Breakout". In the game, it was necessary to hit the ball with a plank in such a way as to break all the blocks in front of you. The game was developed by Apple. It is possible that Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak had a hand in the development of the game. (A little later, the Japanese company Taito released their own version of this game called Arkanoid).
First released cruel game"Death Race" based on the movie "Death Race 2000". The game sparked public outcry over violence in video games and was banned.
The Coleco company creates its own analogue of the Pong prefix called TelStar.
A set-top box with removable media has been created. In August, Fairchild Semiconductor released the Video Entertainment System (later known as Channel F). This console was the first to use replaceable cartridges. Before that, consoles had only standard unchangeable sets of games that were incorporated during production.
Attachment boom.
The second generation of game consoles
1977
Goes on sale game console Atari 2600. It is thanks to this console that the popularization of computer and video games has moved to a completely new level. The Atari 2600 was sold from 1977 to 1983, during which time over 40,000,000 copies of this console were sold!
On July 5, the first Apple II home computer goes on sale. Along with the computer intended for the masses, computer games are also widely distributed.
Created text quest "Zork" (also known as "Dungeon"). This game existed in the mainframe computer network, and contained a huge number of gaming locations. (A little later in 1980, this huge game was released on home computers, but for this it was divided into several independent parts).
1978.
Created the game "Space Invaders" for slot machines. The author of the game is Tomihiro Nishikado from the Japanese company Taito. With the advent of this game, the arcade industry entered its golden age: arcade machines in the USA and Japan were literally on every corner, they began to write about games in magazines, talk about it on television, make films about it. Over 360,000 Space Invaders arcade machines have been sold.
1979.
Activision is founded. The company was founded by several people from Atari.
The first multiplayer text-based game "Multi-User Dungeon" (MUD) is created. The creators were two students of the University of Essex (University of Essex) - Roy Trubshow and Richard Bartle. Interaction with the game world took place using text commands entered manually by the players. All subsequent online games with a text interface began to be attributed to a separate genre - MUD.
An automaton with the game "Asteroids" was created. Atari company. 70,000 of these arcade machines were sold.
The first handheld game console "Microvison" is released. The authorship belongs to the American company "Milton Bradley", previously engaged in the development of board games. The console looked like a small rectangle with a 16x16 pixel monochrome LCD screen.
1980.
The first Rogue-like game was created. The game was called "Rogue", which gave the name to the whole genre of games. Created by Michael Toy, Glenn Wichman and Ken Arnol. The game featured full-screen, top-down graphics, with the player navigating through a maze and destroying monsters.
On May 22, a machine with the game "PacMan" was created. Created by Namco. One of the first color games (16 different colors). 350,000 PacMans were sold. At the time of the creation of Pac-Man, video games revolved around two already fed up topics: sport games and space shooters. Pac-man introduced a whole new arcade genre into games, filled with speed and drive. PacMan remains the most recognizable video game character to this day. This game has become synonymous with video games.
Created the first graphic quest "Mystery House" for computers "Apple II". Created by Roberta Williams. Despite the existing graphics in the game, commands still had to be entered in text. (A little later, Roberta Williams and her husband Ken founded the company "Sierra On-Line").
The Japanese company "Nintendo" produces small pocket consoles with batteries and LCD screens called "Game & Watch". (A little later in the USSR they create their own copies of these consoles called "Electronics IM". The most famous of these games is "Well, you wait!", Where the wolf collects chicken eggs).
Created a slot machine "BattleZone". The player controls the tank from the cockpit in first person. The game uses vector graphics (only lines, without polygons and textures).
The first computer game was created in 1952 by A. S. Douglas. Douglas created his first game at the University of Cambridge (one of the most prestigious universities in England). The world's first computer game was programmed on an EDSAC computer, the image on which was formed using cathode beams. Another computer scientist, William Hijinbasam, created his first video game around 1958. His video game was called Tennis for Two. In 1962, Steve Russell invented SpaceWar! It is worth saying that this game, SpaceWar !, became the first computer game that was designed specifically for playing on a computer, that is, for computer use. Steve Russell used a mainframe computer to design his game. But, just five years later, in 1967, Ralph Baer first wrote a video game that could be played on a TV. The game that Ralph Baer managed to write was called "Pursuit".
The fact is that during that historical period, Ralph Baer worked in an organization dealing with military electronics. In 1971, Bushnell, along with Ted Dubney, created their first game - a labyrinth, a gallery. This game was called "Space". "Cosmos" was based, that is, when it was created, they took Steve Russell's earlier game Spacewar! as a basis. After only a year, in 1972, the Pong needle (Pong) was created. Pong was created by Nolan Bushnell and Al Alcorn. In 1975, Atari released Pong as a home video game.
It is worth saying that Larry Kerekman was one of the first to create video games. In 1972, the first commercial video game console was released. Thanks to such a remote control, it was possible to play video games at home, that is, there was no need to go anywhere. Also, it is worth mentioning that such a commercial video game console was quite an expensive pleasure, which, however, is not surprising. Any thing that appears for the first time is always very expensive, because in this case such a thing practically claims to be exclusive.
Today, any child cannot imagine his childhood and youth without computer games. Today, a computer and everything that is necessary for a full-fledged and exciting game is quite available to any, even a not very well-to-do family. However, it is worth reminding our little computer scientists that playing computer games for a long time is not worth it, as this can damage your eyesight. Some games can cause cybernetic gambling addiction - this is what psychologists call addiction to computer games. It is much more fun to play outdoor games with your friends, run in the yard, do some kind of sport.
The very first computer game - a dramatic duel between two spaceships - was called Spacewar. In a couple of months, in their free time, it was created by several programmers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The group was led by Steve Russel and Martin Graetz, who met at a university travel club and bonded over science fiction. In January 1962 they wrote a simple program, and a month later it was a simple game with two missiles firing at each other. Spacewar worked on the then new PDP-1 computer. Its processor performed 100 thousand operations per second (modern, we recall, accelerate to 2 billion), and random access memory the PDP-1 had 9 kilobytes.
A round cathode display displayed a map of hostilities - a fragment of the night sky, replicating the location of the stars over Cambridge. Two opponents using the keyboard or joystick could move their shuttles and shoot. Ammunition and the amount of fuel were limited. To dodge a shot, one could spin around the star in the center of the map using its gravity, or make a "hyper jump" - the ship would disappear and reappear at a random location on the map.
Spacewar was also the first commercial game. In 1971, its arcade version of Computer Space appeared, which, however, was not successful. In addition, a few months earlier, a slot machine with another modification of Spacewar - Galaxy Game - was installed in the premises of the Stanford student union. Galaxy Game was a huge success for six years, which allowed the creator of the slot machine Bill Pitts (Bill Pitts) to return the 60 thousand dollars invested in the project. Today, his Spacewar version is in the collection of the Computer Museum History Center in Mountain View, California.
Spacewar did not bring any income to its creators, except for fame in narrow programmer circles. “The only money I made from Spacewar was consulting fees in the 1970s litigation related to gaming industry", - says one of the creators of the game Alan Kotok (Alan Kotok). Everyone who was involved in the emergence of Spacewar is still working with computers. These are several hardware developers, several programmers, one professor and even one employee of the US National Security Agency (NSA). It is said that it was the desire to play Spacewar on the PDP-7 that subsequently inspired Ken Thompson to create a prototype of the UNIX operating system, but it is possible that all this is empty fairy tales.
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Hi friends. Today will be interesting fact about the first computer game in the world. Who invented it and what did it represent.
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What was the first computer game
Let's start. The very first computer game in the world was called Spacewar, and consisted in the fact that two spaceships fight in a duel. It is worth immediately clarifying that we are talking about a game that has become widespread.
It was created by two programmers (Steve Russell and Martin Graetz) who had known each other since their university days and were both fascinated by science fiction.
What year was the first computer game released?
In January 1962, a simple program was written that was intended for the newest and fastest computer of that time, the PDP-1. It performed 100 thousand operations per minute and had 9 kilobytes of RAM. Of course, when compared with a modern computer that performs up to two billion operations, this is not enough, but still it was 1962.
A round cathode display showed the scene of hostilities. This is the night sky of Cambridge and rivals could fight using the keyboard or game joystick.
The game consisted of the opponents moving their shuttles and shooting at each other. Ammunition and fuel could run out, and in order not to hit you, you had to make a so-called hyper jump, after which you can appear anywhere playing field or near the central star.
It was the first commercial game that did not have many fans. But in 1971, its arcade version was released. And a few months earlier, a slot machine was installed at the Stanford Student Council, with its other Spacewar modification, the Galaxy Game.
The creators of this game, unfortunately, did not earn a lot of money, but nevertheless it was popular for 6 years and they managed to recapture the $60,000 invested in it.
Good day to all and good mood to you, my dear friends. While I’m on vacation, I can’t really tune in to my usual work. But I decided that it was impossible to leave you without an article and went with me to a compromise. If I am resting, I would like you to relax too. Therefore, I have prepared an article for you to relax.
AT modern world Computer games have become an integral part of the lives of children and adolescents, and even adults. I myself used to often cut myself into toys, at one time I even sat in it for almost three years almost all my free time. Time goes on and games of course become more realistic, modern and come out all the time. But it was not always so. Everything has its beginning.
And it all happened back in 1962, when two students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology first made a giant step in the computer industry. These students were named Steve Russell and Martin Graetz. They called their first brainchild Spacewar and created it very quickly, in just a couple of months.
First, they wrote a simple program, which they gradually developed and turned into a full-fledged toy about a battle between two space rockets. The two friends were fascinated by science fiction, so they didn’t stand on ceremony about choosing a theme for the game.
This game was played on the then modern PDP-1 computers, which had only 9 kilobytes of RAM. Can you imagine?
AT general game was a black box on a computer screen that symbolized the cosmos. On this outer space there was a certain number of white dots, which were stars. Well, the main characters of this game were, as mentioned above, two spaceships (rockets). The goal of the game was to destroy the enemy missile.
Each ship could shoot at the enemy, but the supply of ammunition, as well as fuel, was limited. But there was a tricky move in the game: the player could make a hyper jump, thanks to which he appeared in a different place on the map. Thus, if you are lucky, you can catch the enemy by surprise.
In 1971, the first space prototype of this game was released, which was called "Computer Space", but this version did not bring success and was not in great demand. But the slot machine created on the basis of this game was installed at Stanford University. This move brought big success the creator of this project, since the game on the machine was in great demand. The creator of this project, Bill Pitts, more than paid back the money invested.
But despite the popularity of this game, it did not bring popularity and wealth to its creators Steve Russell and Martin Gretz. But on the other hand, they did not leave their business and continued their development in the IT industry.
Here is such a little story turned out. Now you know how the first game appeared. I really hope you enjoyed the article. If so, be sure to subscribe to my blog update, then you will always be aware of everything interesting. By the way, how do you feel about computer games? Please write in the comments. Well, I say goodbye to you today. Good luck to you. Bye bye!
Sincerely, Dmitry Kostin.
