What is a logical block. Gyenes blocks - a universal educational game! Our favorite games

In many countries, the method of the mathematical logic game of Z. Gyenesh or, as it is also called, Denyesh blocks, is very popular for the early development of the ability to flexible, free thinking in preschoolers and primary school children. AT recent times(Russian production of didactic material has been established since the 90s) this system game exercises, as well as the author's set of visual aids, is successfully practiced by domestic teachers in order to implement the tasks of the cognitive and intellectual development of children. Positive experience has been accumulated in the practical implementation of the pedagogical system in correctional and mixed-age groups.

Gyenesch's Author's Theory: Six Steps to Learning Math Concepts for Kids

Zoltan Gyenes is a famous Hungarian mathematician, practicing teacher and psychologist who radically changed the stereotypical perception of mathematics as a routine and uncreative scientific discipline. The game technique of Z. Gyenes is aimed at helping children of preschool and younger school age in an entertaining way to master a variety of mathematical concepts, to form and develop the most important intellectual skills and psychological processes necessary for the implementation of independent logical thinking.

Personal pedagogical experience and knowledge in the field of developmental child psychology helped Z. Gyenes to invent and implement the concept of six steps in learning mathematics for the smallest. In addition, the theory received original methodological equipment with a set of didactic materials in the form of additional game aids and visual logical blocks, which became an effective tool for developing the creative and mental potential of children. The methodology is used both in official pedagogy and in the system of self-education.

The idea of six steps for mastering mathematical knowledge and skills has been successfully tested in practice and proved its effectiveness. The content features of each stage received their author's name:

Free creative game. The content of this phase consists in setting a specific task for the child by the teacher. In search of a solution, the kid sorts through spontaneous options, experimentally finds the correct answer. This is the stage of introducing the child to the task that needs to be resolved. So begins teaching the child mathematical wisdom.
Rules of the game. Having overcome the stage of trial and error, the baby proceeds to the second phase - learning the rules of the game. For an educator or parent, it is important to correctly and clearly convey to the child's consciousness the most important information about the rules for achieving the desired result.
Matching phase. Taking the third step, the child is faced with the need to perform a mental operation of comparison. The author of the method suggests that adults try out the idea of several similar games in the game with children, but with different didactic material. For example, first we play blocks, then cut out the figures of animals or lay out geometric shapes. We must see that the child independently solves the algorithm for the correct achievement of the goal, regardless of game material. Thus, you can make sure that the baby's intellectual actions are meaningful, and are not the result of mechanical memorization and automatic reproduction. This stage is necessary for the development of abstract thinking abilities.
Introduction to the abstract number symbol. At the fourth stage, various schemes, cards and game tables will be in demand for the development of visual perception, the formation of visualization skills, and acquaintance with the abstract meaning of numbers.
symbolic stage. The fifth step brings the child to the conclusion that the logical chains of different game series lead to a common result. For understanding game cards a special language of symbols is needed, which the baby himself creates in the process of classes.
Stage of independent conclusions. The final stage will be the longest. The kid, with the help of an adult, studies the meaning of the terms axiom and theorem, independently draws the necessary logical conclusions based on the description of the rules of playing cards.

The possibilities of the manual are not limited to classes on the formation of elementary mathematical knowledge, you can play games of Gyenish when studying of English language. Preschoolers post images, choosing the right shapes and commenting on their actions (“big blue triangle”, “little yellow square”)

Gjenish developed his methodology for children in the age range from two to eight years, taking into account the intellectual and psychological characteristics, so mathematical lessons are perceived with enthusiasm and dedication. Adults need to be patient in studying the theoretical part of the method, as well as deal with a set of didactic aids. The developed ability of the baby to quickly and freely cope with complex mental exercises will be a worthy reward for parents and caregivers for their diligence and perseverance.

The program of classes with blocks: goals and objectives for different age groups

The goals of the methodology for the early development of mathematical abilities by Z. Gyenish:

Acquaintance with the basic geometric shapes, as well as the concept of a form standard, the formation of the ability to determine the color and size of an object, the development of the idea of a set;
Acquisition of primary skills of algorithmic thinking;
Activation of memory, development of the ability to concentrate and hold attention, as well as mental processes of imagination and speech;
Formation of spatial thinking, modeling and design skills;
Actualization of creative potential;
The development of an intellectual culture of thinking: the ability to compare, generalize, systematize, make an independent analysis, understand the meaning of an abstract sign, encode and decipher information, argue one's statements.
Cultivating personal initiative and volitional qualities in achieving the learning goal, solving practical problems and overcoming obstacles.

Features and general rules for using visual aids for each age category:

The ability to define one property (shape, color, size or thickness).

First junior group(2-3 years) - Z. Gyenes blocks are in demand from the middle of the academic year as an additional element in gaming activity. The educator gradually includes blocks, additional diagrams and cards in order to form and consolidate ideas about one property of the object. The acquired skill of operating with a single property of an object is applied not only to the game manual, but also to fairy-tale literary characters, thus expanding the space of game modeling and activating the fantasy and imagination of children. For greater comfort and effectiveness of classes, it is recommended to distribute children into small subgroups.

Video: Gyenes logical blocks in the I junior group

Feature matching skills.

The second younger group (3-4 years old) - the teacher connects the concept of the second qualitative distinctive property, by the end of the school year, children freely distinguish between two properties of the object and its symbolic encrypted image in the form of a card. The ability to read cards containing coded information about the properties of an object is developed, and the acquired skills are used in a logical game.
Middle group (4-5 years old) - during the year, children master the skill of identifying and comparing three characteristics. Gradually, the negative particle “not” is introduced into the speech lexicon. Situations are actively played when each child is given three symbol cards and offered to select the corresponding logical blocks or figures, which then need to be used as building blocks according to a given algorithm of actions, for example, for the joint construction of a building or the construction of a road, a playground, etc. .

Improving acquired skills in the face of increasing complexity of tasks for logical operations of systematization and classification.

Senior and preparatory group(5–7 years) - the practice of using cards for three properties continues, by the end of the academic year a fourth property is introduced. The task of the teacher is to teach children to strictly follow the rules of the game, to fix in the mind of the child the understanding that a violation of the correct sequence will not achieve the desired result. The range of game exercises becomes more diverse and complex due to the use of new didactic tools such as hoops and algorithmic schemes.

Logic cubes, as well as cards - symbols, will help children come up with a variety of games, and these games, in turn, will be useful for mastering the actions of substitution and visual modeling, coding and decoding

In carrying out the final diagnosis of the success of pedagogical activity according to the method of Z. Gyenesh, one should be guided by the following predicted result:

Pupils improve communication skills, the desire for cooperation in educational and gaming activities increases.
Logical thinking develops, the cognitive and creative potential of children is revealed.
Children show more independence and activity.
Successfully overcome First stage mastering mathematical knowledge, an interest in this academic discipline is laid.

Didactic material Z. Gyenes

The most important psychological indicators of the development of logic and concentration, imagination, non-standard thinking and memory will receive an additional incentive for development.
Working with the author's visual aids will develop speech, form the skills of analysis and systematization, teach you how to summarize information, and reveal the creative potential of the child.

Each figure is characterized by four properties. The main goal is to teach a child to solve logical problems on partitioning by properties. A flat version of Gyenesh blocks. The kits can be widely used for: familiarizing children with the standards of forms, teaching actions with the standards Cubes, the sides of which contain coded properties (shape, color, size, thickness) and the negation of properties (a crossed out sign) Cubes, the sides of which contain properties, the negation of properties, as well as numbers from three to eight Cards contain encoded information about the properties of the object The child takes a card with an example, solves it by decoding and selects the appropriate block card The game "find a house for a lost figure", in some houses one figure can live, in some - several Each ball is selected by solving a symbol card Correct decoding of information will allow you to select the necessary blocks and figures Each page of the album is an illustration on which the child will once place blocks of the appropriate color, size and shape according to the model 1 option - propose to settle one resident, 2 - two residents in each apartment. You can easily draw such a diagram yourself This is how you can draw a symbol card by hand At home, the album can be replaced with a regular coloring book Scheme for making logical figures Parameters of the sides of logical figures

Math blocks

The classic set of methodological blocks includes 48 parts of various colors, sizes and shapes. The elements are made in accordance with the main list of geometric shapes and have the following characteristics:

Four block shapes: square, round, triangle and rectangle;
Three color options: blue, red and yellow.
Two thickness options: thick, thin;
Two size options: large, small.

It is also fundamentally important that the set does not contain identical geometric blocks.

Video: Gyenyes Logic Blocks

One set for organizing classes in a small subgroup contains 24 flat figures, which include an equal number (6 elements each) of squares, triangles, rectangles and circles, while the same as blocks that differ in color (red, yellow, blue) and size (large, small). A visual aid with logical figures is necessary for working with the concept of a form standard, learning to manipulate standards.

Cubes, the sides of which contain an encoded image of characteristics (shape, color, size, thickness) and the negation of properties (a crossed out sign), as well as a cube and numbers from three to eight on each face. This didactic material important for the implementation of mastering the mental operations of replacement, sign encryption, decryption, spatial modeling. The originality of logic cubes lies in the variability of the spontaneous choice of properties, which is made by throwing a cube, and this always arouses delight and interest in children.

Cards with symbolic transfer of information about the properties of the object, as well as arithmetic examples.

It will help the child to master the cultural tradition of the sign, encoded in the symbol, the transfer of information about the characteristics of the subject.
Develop the ability to perform abstract mental operations, decipher symbols.
Builds mental counting skills.

Albums, algorithmic schemes

The goal is to teach the child to strictly follow the rules, strictly follow the prescribed sequence of steps. Schematically indicate the path that needs to be done to solve the problem.

Ribbons or hoops can serve as additional didactic tools to define the playing area, with their help you can expand the range of exercise options, make them more varied and exciting.

Do-it-yourself Z. Gyenish materials

Most of the games can be played using flat figures, and they can be cut out of cardboard, colored paper, painted with colored pencils or paints, variants of card schemes can also be invented independently by analogy with ready-made ones and drawn by hand. If it's hard to find sets additional cards or albums on sale, then you can print algorithmic or digital maps, album options on a color printer.

Each page of the album is an illustration on which the child has to place blocks of the appropriate color, size and shape according to the model. The pictures are structured according to the principle "from simple to complex" - at the beginning there are drawings consisting of a minimum number of details

Card file of games

At the beginning of the lesson, it is necessary to explain to the child what the didactic material is and how it can be used in the game. We pour the contents of the set in front of the baby and let them touch, look, play. Objects from the didactic set of Z. Gyenes are used by the child in different ways in play activities: lay out, replace one block with another, rearrange, hide, find, distribute between toy characters, etc.

Determining the properties of an object - games for the little ones

A box for game elements can become an improvised "house" with "windows" corresponding to the shape of the blocks. The kid with interest and excitement will collect blocks through special holes.
We put the elements from the set in an opaque bag or fabric bag and ask the child to identify and name the object of a given shape by touch, justify his choice by voicing the sign, then get the necessary block and make sure the result is correct.
We post everything game elements in front of the baby and ask them to make a systematic selection by properties, sorting the blocks separately in the form of a circle, square, etc., then, subject to the condition of the child’s mandatory readiness and desire, you can complicate the task by adding one more sign, for example, color.
Playing in a sequential chain, alternating blocks according to a certain logical attribute (color, shape or thickness). The task may change variably, for example, first we ask you to continue the logical sequence in accordance with the pattern laid down in the exercise, or remove an extra object. The level of difficulty of this task can also be gradually raised by adding new game conditions.

Video: Gyenesh Logic Block Game

Revealing properties and performing a comparison operation

The game "Count and say how many figures."

The purpose of the exercise: to form the ability to correctly and accurately formulate a question, to develop the skills of determining the properties of objects, as well as comparing according to various parameters.

Game scenario: Two teams of players participate. The teacher randomly lays out multi-colored blocks of various shapes and sizes and asks the children to ask questions that will begin with the phrase “How much ...?”. Each correct question gets one point, and the team with the most points wins.

Possible questions: “How many small blocks?”, “How many red pieces are in the second row?”, “How many blue thin pieces?” etc.

The simplest logical task on the regularity of one property A game to study one property The kid will fold such figures with interest on his own. You can also use cards with geometric patterns. The children were named three properties of the figures in order, starting from the first row. The child who had the necessary figure went out and laid out his block in the right place on the Christmas tree. The teacher plays the role of a conductor and distributes tickets to the children - geometric shapes. The same blocks are already on the bus seats. The guys need to find their place on the ticket The task of the hoop is to outline the playing areas to complete the task of sorting blocks

Blocks can be used to figuratively replace any object in a playful fairy tale or literary plot, for example, a large yellow round block will become an appetizing jar of honey for Winnie the Pooh, and a child’s fantasy can easily turn a yellow triangle into a goldfish.

You can offer the child to distribute gifts to his toys, for example, the bear will like round gifts, and the doll will like triangular ones, so only the necessary elements need to be selected from the whole set. The game will become more interesting if new friends appear in it, for example, the bear has his little brother, for whom, accordingly, smaller gifts will be needed, and the doll has a younger sister.

Game "Little amateur gardeners"

Working with symbols

The game "Decorate the Christmas tree with balls."

There should be five horizontal rows of three balls each. The number in the picture indicates the order of the ball, we start counting from the top of the tree. An example of filling the second row. The first ball is a big red circle, the second is a small red triangle, the third is a big red rectangle. Place the rest of the balls in the same way.

Sets "Logical figures" can be widely used by the educator in the pedagogical process when introducing children to the standards of forms, teaching actions with standards

Game "Pick a couple"

Purpose: Improving the ability to visually memorize and retain information in memory, develop the ability to recognize and operate with symbolic cards.

The game involves twenty-two pictures with symbols without negation. All cards are randomly shuffled and then laid out with the back side of six cards in each horizontal row. Thus, four remain in the lowest row.

The player turns over two self-chosen cards, if they are the same, then keeps for himself, after which he repeats his move. If the symbols of the cards are different, then he turns them upside down and puts them in place, trying to remember the image. All children carefully observe the manipulations with cards, since the task of each player is to collect the maximum number of paired cards, and for this it is necessary to remember the location of the previously opened cards. Each child who enters the game repeats similar actions, the one who scored the most cards wins.

Video: educational games for children with Gyenish blocks using a diagram map.

Games for systematization and logical actions

To conduct the game, you will need colored ribbons or hoops that outline the area of \u200b\u200bthe task so that two non-intersecting circles of different colors are formed on the floor. Explain the concepts of "inside", "outside". The task of the child is to place blocks of the corresponding color in each circle. The next task will relate to classification by shape, for example, we place only round blocks in a circle, and triangular ones outside. You can complicate the exercise by creating a zone of intersection of the hoops, thus forming three areas: left, right and common, in which the circles intersect. We ask the child to sort the blocks, for example, red ones should be in the right zone, all round ones in the left zone, and blue triangular ones in the general one. Additionally, you can ask to place all non-red blocks - outside the circles.

Formation of an operation for classifying blocks by two, three, four features with and without codes. Determination of intersection areas in hoop games. Development of logical thinking, attention

Game "Kid-architect".

The goal is to develop the skills of designing, decoding, reading diagrams and algorithmic maps. Additionally, you will need images of crossed out objects (“not properties”), drawings, diagrams or ready-made albums with pictures, which consist of combinations of logical forms.

We draw a drawing diagram (or take a ready-made one) to build a building, ask the child to select a building material, according to the instructions, and complete the task step by step. For example, for the construction of the first floor, we need three non-red rectangular elements, the second floor will consist of two non-yellow and non-round blocks, etc.

Video: Developing Attention with Gyenesch Blocks (using the Album)

Game "Digital Mosaic"

The child takes a card with an example, solves it by decoding and selects the appropriate block. Then, for example, such a card means that he must take a red thick circle and put it on the tractor figure, blocking the contour number six with a block.

Advantages and disadvantages of the author's method of Gyenes, reviews of teachers and parents

Advantages:

The system excludes the traditional educational approach to the study of mathematics with cramming the rules from textbooks and notes in notebooks.
Classes are held in an exciting game form in a relaxed creative atmosphere.
The child acquires an understanding of the most complex mathematical skills of analysis, synthesis, coding, algorithmization without realizing the complexity of these mental operations.

Disadvantages, according to parents, since teachers and methodologists preschool education The shortcomings of the Z. Gyenes method were not found:

The technique is purposefully focused on the development and improvement of mathematical abilities, not taking into account other ways of thinking.
Limited color range and diversity in Z. Gyenish blocks.
For children of the older age category, one set is not enough to resolve more complex exercises.
It is often difficult for parents to find ready-made albums and character cards for sale.

Didactic game "How much?"

Material: logical figures.
Purpose of the game: develop the ability to ask questions and develop the ability to highlight properties.
Game description: Children are divided into two teams. The teacher lays out the logical figures in any order and invites the children to come up with questions starting with the words "How much ..."
For every correct question, a chip. The team with the most chips wins.
Variants of questions: "How many big figures?" "How many red figures are in the first row?" (horizontally), "How many circles?" etc.

Didactic game " PAINTERS "

Material:
"Sketches of paintings" - sheets of large colored cardboard
additional details from cardboard to compose the composition of the picture;
block set
Purpose of the game:
development of the ability to analyze the shape of objects
development of the ability to compare according to their properties
development of artistic abilities (choice of color, background, arrangement (composition).
Game description:
Children are invited to "write pictures" according to sketches. One picture can be "painted" at once
several people. Children choose a "sketch" of the picture, paper for the background, details for the future picture, the necessary blocks. If the part is only outlined on the sketch (part outline), a thin block is selected, if the part is painted, a thick block is selected. So, for example, for a sketch of a picture with elephants, the child will take additional details: 2 elephant heads, the sun, a lake, the top of a palm tree, a cactus, an animal and blocks.
At the end of the work, the artists come up with a name for their paintings, arrange an exhibition
paintings, and the guide tells visitors of the exhibition what is shown in the picture.

Didactic game "SHOP"

Material: Goods (cards with the image of objects) Logical figures.
Purpose of the game:
developing the ability to identify and abstract properties
development of the ability to reason, argue your choice
Game description:

Children come to the store where big choice toys. Each child has 3 logical figures "money". For one "money" you can buy only one toy.
Buying rules: you can only buy a toy that has at least one property of a logical figure. The rule can be made more difficult to select a toy by two properties (for example, a large square, a blue square, etc.)

Didactic game "What changed"

Tasks:

Improve children's knowledge of geometric shapes, their color, size, thickness

Develop thinking.

Material: Gyenes block set.

Game progress: In front of the child, several figures are laid out on the table that need to be remembered, and then one of the figures disappears or is replaced by a new one, or two figures are swapped. The child should notice the changes.

Didactic game "Round dance"

Target: classifies blocks according to two to three features: color, shape; color - shape - size.

Material: a set of Gyenes logical blocks.

Game progress.

The teacher offers to line up magical figures in a cheerful round dance. The round dance will turn out beautiful and elegant.

Blocks are laid out in a circle. Any block is randomly taken, then a block is attached, in which one feature of the previous block will be present, and so on. The last block must match the first block in some way. In this case, the game ends - the round dance is closed.

Didactic game "Second row"

Tasks:

Develop the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, find a figure that is different in one way.

Material: A set of Gyenesh logic blocks.

Game progress: Lay out in a row 5-6 any figures. Build a second row under them, but so that under each figure of the upper row there is a figure of a different shape (color, size); the same shape, but a different color (size); different in color and size; not the same shape, size, color.

Didactic game "Find the treasure"

Tasks : To improve children's knowledge of geometric shapes, their color, size, thickness. Develop thinking.

Material: Gyenes block set.

We lay out 8 Gyenes logical blocks in front of the child, and while he does not see, we hide the “treasure” under one of them (a coin, a pebble, a cut out picture, etc.). The child should ask you leading questions, and you can only answer “yes” or “no”: “The treasure under the blue block?” - "No", "Under the red?" - "Not". The child concludes that the treasure is under the yellow block, and asks further about the size, shape and thickness. Then the child hides the “treasure”, and the teacher asks leading questions.

Then the children themselves can play this game, competing in finding the treasure.

Didactic game "Game with one hoop"

Tasks: To develop the ability to split a set of one property into two subsets, to perform a logical operation "not".

Material: Hoop, set of Gyenes logic blocks.

Game progress: Before the start of the game, they find out which part of the game sheet is inside the hoop and outside it, set the rules: for example, arrange the pieces so that all the red pieces (and only them) are outside the hoop. After the arrangement of all the figures, two questions are asked: what figures lie inside the hoop? What figures were outside the hoop? (The answer is supposed to be: “all non-red pieces lie outside the hoop.”) When repeating the game, children can choose which blocks to put inside the hoop and which outside.

Didactic game "Game with two hoops"

Tasks: Development of the ability to split a set according to two compatible properties, to perform logical operations “not”, “and”, “or”.

Material: 2 hoops, a set of Gyenes logic blocks.

Game progress: before starting the game, it is necessary to find out where are the four areas defined on the game sheet by two hoops, namely: inside both hoops; inside the red but outside the green hoop; inside the green but outside the red hoop and outside both hoops (these areas need to be circled with a pointer).

1.then called the rule of the game. For example, arrange the figures so that all red figures are inside the red hoop, and all round ones are inside the green hoop.

2. after solving a practical problem on the location of the figures, the children answer the questions: which figures lie inside both hoops; inside the green but outside the red hoop; It is advisable to play the game with two hoops many times, varying the rules of the game.

Note: In options 5 and 6, the common part is left blank. It is necessary to find out why there are no figures both red and green, and also there are no figures both round and square.

Didactic game "Let's settle in houses"

Tasks: Develop the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, classify.

Material: A set of Gyenes logic blocks, tables depicting paths and houses

Game progress: Table number 1 is in front of the children. The child needs to help each figure get into his house, focusing on the signposts.

Didactic game "On your branch"

Tasks: Develop the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, classify figures according to several criteria.

Material: Set of 24 figures (four shapes, three colors, two sizes). Each figure is the carrier of three important properties: shape, color, size, and in accordance with this, the name of the figure consists of the name of three properties: red, large rectangle; yellow, small circle; green, big square, etc.

Game progress: The figure shows a tree on which the figures should “grow”. To find out on which branch which figure will "grow", let's take, for example, a green, small rectangle and start moving it from the root of the tree up the branches. Following the color pointer, we must move the figure along the right branch. We came to a fork. Which branch to follow? On the right, which has a rectangle. We got to the next branch. Further, the Christmas trees show that a large figure should move along the left branch, and a small one along the right. So, we will go along the right branch. This is where a small green rectangle should “grow”. We do the same with the rest of the figures. Similarly, the game is played with the following figure.

Didactic game "Chain"

Target: Development of the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, find a figure according to a given attribute.

Material: A set of Dyenysh logic blocks.

From an arbitrarily chosen figure, try to build as long a chain as possible. Chain building options:

So that there are no figures of the same shape (color, size, thickness) nearby;

So that there are no figures of the same shape and color nearby (in color and size, in size and thickness, etc.);

So that nearby there are figures of the same size, but different in shape, etc .;

So that nearby there are figures of the same color and size, but of a different shape (the same size, but of a different color).

Didactic game "Help the fairy-tale hero"

Tasks:

Exercise children in grouping geometric shapes

Develop observation, attention and memory

Exercise:

- Divide the figures between fairy-tale characters so that:

Pinocchio had all the blue squares

So that the Pencil gets all the yellow

So that Dunno gets all the yellow and big

Didactic game "Floors"

Program tasks : To develop the ability to classify and generalize geometric shapes by features. Practice counting. Develop orientation in space, attention, logical thinking.

Material : Blocks set.

Game progress:

We propose to lay out several figures in a row - 4-5 pieces. These are the people on the first floor. Now we are building the second floor of the house so that under each figure of the previous row there is a detail of a different color (or size, shape).

Option 2: A part of the same shape, but a different size (or color).

Option 3: we build a house with other details in color and size.

Game - Fairy tale "In the kingdom of blocks"

Material: Gyenes blocks, one box for three people.
Purpose: to introduce blocks, their properties, develop attention, the ability to identify, abstract properties (size, shape, thickness), imagination, creative thinking.
Game description: Children choose a color for their kingdom (yellow, blue, red). The host tells a fairy tale, and the children assign blocks to the roles of heroes, and build their kingdom out of them.
“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king. It was strong, big, thick and looked like a rectangle (children choose a block - a large thick rectangle). The king had a queen, very similar to him, only thinner (we choose a block - a large thin rectangle). They lived very happily, and they had two children similar to them, only small (small thick and thin rectangles). And then one day…”
Options: Further, the tale can be continued according to the children's idea or in accordance with the theme. (Let's go to the forest for mushrooms ..., We took a pet ... etc.)
In games with Dnesh blocks, it is very convenient to use cards with property symbols and logic cubes, presented in the Let's play together didactic set, as additional material.

Didactic game "Spaceship"
Material: hoops of red, blue, yellow colors, a large rocket triangle made of carpet or cardboard, cards with property symbols or logic cubes, Gyenes blocks.
Target: the formation of the operation of classification and generalization of blocks according to one to four signs, the development of logical thinking, attention.
Game description: hoops are laid out on the floor in a row, a rocket triangle is added. With the help of cards with symbols of properties or logical cubes (except for color), the condition for each of the hoops is determined.

Rules:To put a spacecraft into orbit, it is necessary to fill all three stages of the launch vehicle with fuel, in accordance with the condition.
Game options:
First option. Children are divided into teams, each of which fills in its own hoop, the conditions in the hoops are equivalent in complexity.
Second option. Children independently choose a hoop that they will fill in and / or a condition by throwing a die, the conditions in the hoops are different in degree of complexity.
Third option. You can fill in any hoops, the conditions in the hoops can be either the same or different levels of difficulty.
Difficulty level:
Simple: the condition specifies only the color of the hoop, or one more property is added (shape, size, thickness).
Medium: 2 kinds of property symbol cards are used, such as shape and size, shape and thickness, etc.
High: All property symbol cards are used, including negation.
Additional material:sounds of a jet engine, riddles about space.

The game "Decorate the Christmas tree with beads"

Material: Image of a Christmas tree, 15 cards with symbols, a set of logical figures
Purpose: Development of the ability to identify and abstract properties. Ability to read a diagram. Strengthening ordinal counting skills.

Game progress: It is necessary to decorate the Christmas tree with beads. There should be 5 rows of beads on the Christmas tree. Each row has three beads. The number on the card indicates the serial number of the string of beads (we start counting from the top of the Christmas tree). Let's hang the first row of beads (cards with the number 1). The filled circle shows us the place of the bead on the string. The first bead is a small yellow circle, the second is a large yellow square, the third is small
yellow triangle. We hang the rest of the beads in the same way.

Mobile game "Cat and Mouse"

Purpose: to develop the ability to "read" cards with property symbols, identify the necessary properties, stimulate motor activity children.
Materials: tokens on ribbons with properties symbols for Cat and Mice.
Game progress: Children (4-9 people) choose tokens for mice and put them over their heads, stand in a round dance. In the middle is the cat "Vaska" (you can choose it using V. Levin's counting rhymes). Next to him are tokens for a cat.
The round dance moves with the words:
- Mice lead a round dance,
A cat is napping on a couch.
Hush, mice, don't make noise, don't wake Cat Vaska.
Vaska the cat will wake up
And disperse the round dance.
On the last word, the cat quickly puts on one of the tokens and turns to the "mice". For them to see him. Token - information for mice, which "mice" the cat will kill. The rest of the mice are not afraid of the cat, they can have fun, tease Vaska. The caught mouse becomes a "cat" and the game continues.
Note: cards with property symbols can be used as tokens.
Difficulty levels: Start the game with the simplest color property, then make it more difficult by changing the properties and combining them. For example: a cat catches red and round mice.
High level complexity - the presence of logical negation.

Didactic game "Find me"

Goal: Development of the ability to read the code designation of geometric shapes and find the corresponding code.
Material: A set of blocks, 3 copies of code cards (2 - with regular code, 1 - with negation code).
Game progress: Children are divided into two groups. One takes cards, the other takes blocks. The children of the first group take turns reading (decoding) the cards, the child from the second group, who has the corresponding block, comes out and shows a geometric figure.
It is possible to use the words:
"Blocks, different blocks Yellow, blue and red,
We all know them, Find me!

Didactic game "Snail"

Purpose: To exercise children in the classification of blocks according to two criteria; color and shape.
Material: playing field with a picture of a spiral or colored braid, a set of blocks.
Game progress: The teacher offers to build a house for the snail from magic figures for the children. The house will turn out elegant and beautiful. Laying out blocks starts from the middle of the spiral. One block is randomly taken, then a block is attached, in which one feature of the previous block will be present.

Didactic game "Domino"

Purpose: To develop the ability to highlight the properties of geometric shapes.
Material: Gyenes blocks.
This game can be played by several participants at the same time (but not more than 4). The blocks are divided equally among the players. Everyone makes a move in turn. If there is no figure, you need to skip the move. The first person to lay out all the pieces wins.
How to walk?
Figures of a different size (color, shape).
Shapes of the same color but a different size, or the same size but a different shape.
Figures of a different size and shape (color and size).
The same figures in color and shape, but a different size.
We walk with figures of a different color, shape, size, thickness.

Gyenes technique

Logic blocks were invented by the Hungarian mathematician and psychologist Zoltan Gyenes. Block games Gyenes accessible, on a visual basis, introduce children to the shape, color and size of objects, with mathematical concepts and basic knowledge of computer science. It is worth buying Gyenes blocks for those parents who want to develop logical and analytical thinking (analysis, comparison, classification, generalization), creativity, as well as perception, memory, attention and imagination in their children. Playing with Gyenes blocks, the child performs a variety of objective actions (groups according to a feature, lays out rows according to a given algorithm). Gyenesh logic blocks are designed for children from three years old.

Gyenes blocks, which can be bought at almost any store specializing in educational materials for children, are set of 48 geometric shapes :

a) four shapes (circles, triangles, squares, rectangles);

b) three colors (red, blue and yellow figures);

c) two sizes (large and small figures);

d) two types of thickness (thick and thin figures).

As planned by Gyenesh, there are no identical figures in the set of blocks . Each geometric figure characterized by four features: shape, color, size, thickness.

Introduction to Gyenesch Logic Blocks

It is not enough just to buy a set of Gyenes blocks for a child and give the figures to the full use of the baby. First you need to introduce the child to the blocks. Lay out the set in front of the child and give him the opportunity to study the figures, touch, touch, hold in his hands and play with them. A little later, you can offer the following tasks:

Find all figures of the same color as the one laid out (show, for example, a yellow figure). Then you can ask the child to show all the triangular blocks (or all the large shapes, etc.).

Ask the kid to give the bear all the blue figures, the bunny - yellow, and the mouse - red; then in a similar way we group the figures by size, shape, thickness.

Ask the baby to identify any shape by color, shape, size, thickness.

Logic games and exercises with Gyenesh blocks

Several figures are laid out in front of the child that need to be remembered, and then one of the figures disappears or is replaced by a new one, or two figures are swapped. The child should notice the changes.

All figures are again folded into a bag. The child takes the figurine out of the bag and characterizes it according to one or more features. Or he names the shape, size or thickness without taking it out of the bag.

Lay out three figures. The child needs to guess which one is superfluous and according to what principle (by color, shape, size or thickness).

Put any figure in front of the child and ask him to find all the figures that are not the same as this one by color (size, shape, thickness).

Put any figure in front of the child and invite him to find the same figures in color, but not the same in shape or the same in shape, but not the same in color.

We lay out the figures one after another so that each subsequent one differs from the previous one in just one sign: color, shape, size, thickness.

We lay out a chain of Gyenes blocks so that there are no figures of the same shape and color nearby (in color and size; in size and shape, in thickness and color, etc..).

We lay out the chain so that there are figures nearby that are the same in size, but different in shape, etc.

We lay out the chain so that there are figures of the same color and size, but of a different shape (the same size, but of a different color) next to each other.

Each figure needs to find a pair, for example, by size: a large yellow circle is paired with a small yellow circle, etc.

We lay out 8 Gyenes logical blocks in front of the child, and while he does not see, we hide the “treasure” under one of them (a coin, a pebble, a cut out picture, etc.). The child should ask you leading questions, and you can only answer "yes" or "no": "The treasure under the blue block?" - "No", "Under the red?" - "Not". The child concludes that the treasure is under the yellow block, and asks further about the size, shape and thickness. Then the child hides the "treasure", and the adult asks leading questions.

By analogy with the previous game, you can hide one of the figures in the box, and the child will ask leading questions to find out what kind of block is in the box.

We lay out in a row 5-6 any figures. It is necessary to build the bottom row of figures so that under each figure of the top row there is a figure of a different shape (color, size).

We offer a table of nine cells with figures displayed in it. The child needs to pick up the missing blocks.

In the game of dominoes, the figures are divided equally among the participants. Each player takes turns making their move. If there is no piece, the move is skipped. The first person to lay out all the pieces wins. You can walk in different ways: figures of a different color (shape, size).

The child is invited to lay out the Gyenes blocks according to the drawn diagram-picture, for example, a large red circle is drawn, followed by a blue small triangle, etc.

It is possible to make planar images of objects from the Gyenes logical blocks: a car, a steam locomotive, a house, a tower.

Mom puts only rectangular blocks into the box, and the child is all red, then mom puts only thin shapes, and the child - large ones, etc.

The child needs to pick up the Gyenes blocks on the cards, which show their properties.

color is indicated by a spot

size - the silhouette of the house (large, small).

shape - contour of figures (round, square, rectangular, triangular).

thickness - a conditional image of a human figure (thick and thin).

The child is shown a card with one or more properties depicted on it. For example, if a blue spot is shown to a child, then all blue figures should be put aside; a blue spot and a two-story house - we put aside all the blue and large figures; a blue spot, a two-story house and a silhouette of a circle are blue circles - thick and thin, etc.

Then tasks with cards gradually become more difficult.

This article lists only some games with Gyenesh logic blocks, but in fact there are many more. Also, an instruction on 8 pages is attached to the set with blocks, where you can get acquainted with this technique and games in more detail.

In addition to the well-known "blocks" that develop logical thinking, Gyenes came up with the fairy-tale country "Ruritania", numerous games with stripes, logical games and "26 flowers".

Zoltan Gyenes- it's famous Hungarian mathematician, psychologist and educator, which changed the standard notion that mathematics is not an interesting science and far from creativity. The Gyenesch Method Helps Children preschool and senior age in a playful way master various mathematical concepts, as well as develop important psychological processes for kids.

Zoltan Gyenes, based on personal rich pedagogical experience and the results of research in the field of psychology, developed the theory of six stages of learning mathematics and created effective visual materials in the form of logical blocks and game aids. The Gyenesch system helps parents and teachers to actively develop the intellectual and creative inclinations of kids.

The author's theory of six stages in the study of mathematical concepts

Life Zoltan Gyenes has always been closely associated with pedagogical activity and a deep study of mathematics. The teacher sought develop a methodology to help children of all ages learning math is easy and fun. On the basis of practical developments and knowledge of developmental psychology, Gyenes created an author's program for the study of mathematics by children of various ages, which became the foundation of his system. teacher recommends in the author's use for parents and teachers various logical games, developing teaching aids and exciting math tasks. These pedagogical tools are necessary to stimulate children's interest in mathematics.

Zoltan Gyenes developed and tested in practice theory of the six stages of learning mathematics. The author of the system called the first stage of mathematical knowledge free play. Its essence lies in the fact that the child, receiving any task from the teacher, seeks to instantly solve it with the help of trial and error, resorting to a chaotic enumeration of options. This stage introduces the baby to the task that he needs to successfully complete. From this moment begins the stage of education of the child.

After numerous attempts to solve the problem, the smooth transition child on second stage called the rules of the game. Learning the rules for Zoltan Gyenes is an important learning point, as the baby will not be able to knowledge of the rules of the game to solve delivered tasks from the beginning to the end. The rules contain the most important information for the child, which the teacher seeks to convey to him.

At the third stage going on comparison process. After adults, together with the baby, used several games of mathematical themes for work, the stage begins to compare the content of these games. The author of the methodology encourages parents and teachers to teach kids to play games that are characterized by similar rules, but different didactic material is used. For example, you can beat one problem on blocks, then on geometric shapes, buttons, or carving hares. As a result, the child must come to the correct algorithm of his own actions, regardless of what he is in this moment plays. This stage develops abstract thinking in toddlers.

Fourth stage helps the child to perceive during the games abstract meaning of numbers. Zoltan Gyenes recommends using a variety of diagrams, game cards and tables for the development of visual visualization.

At the fifth stage baby comes to understanding that a series of two and more steps leads to one result.

The author of the system called this stage symbolic. To describe game cards, it is necessary to use a special language in the form of various symbols. The child creates his own symbolic systems during the game.

The final stage is longer than all of the above stages. At the sixth stage offered various options descriptions of game cards, specific rules are defined that allow come to necessary logical conclusions. A child with a teacher explores the content of the concepts of axiom and theorem, and also studies the rules for the transition from axioms to theorems.

Many adults believe that the theory of learning mathematical concepts is incomprehensible and difficult for a child to understand. Zoltan Gyenes created this theory for kids from three to eight years old. taking into account their physiological and age characteristics. In this regard, it is perceived by children on practical exercises with great interest and ease.

The main task of adults is to be patient, understand the features of the methodology, and also learn how to use visual aids.

As a result, children will be able to solve math problems and exercises easily and quickly. advanced level difficulties.

Games with logic blocks

Gyenesha Zoltan Gyenesh designed logic blocks, allowing you to teach kids the basics of mathematics in an easy game way. Given tutorial It is recommended to use from the age of three children. Logic blocks introduce children to different colors, the concept of shape and size. Playing with Gyenes blocks, the baby actively develops logic, attention, imagination, memory and other important psychological processes. In the course of working with the author's didactic material, children develop the skills to perform various subject actions, develop speech, the ability to analyze, classify, compare, generalize the information received, and also reveal their creative abilities.

To the set 48 logic blocks are included for the game, which differ in shape, color, thickness and size. Gyenes blocks are presented in the form of basic geometric shapes: circle, rectangle, square, triangle, decorated in yellow, red and blue colors. Geometric figures are made in large and small sizes, as well as in the form of thin and thick figures. It is important that there are no geometric figures with the same parameters in the set.

Before playing with blocks Zoltan Gyenes advises parents to introduce the baby in advance with data didactic guide. Lay out the set in front of the baby and give him complete freedom of action. He can touch them, touch them, hold them in his hands, or even play with them. After the adjustment period, invite the child to complete small tasks. For example, ask the child to sort only the blue shapes from the material presented, or to distribute the shapes by size and thickness.

Such tasks introduce the child to the basic mathematical concepts.

Zoltan Gyenes has developed many math games block-based. So the didactic set is attached detailed instructions, on the pages of which the essence of the author's and options for exercises and games are described. Let's consider some of them in detail:

Games with hoops in the Gyenesch system

Zoltan Gyenes has developed puzzle games with hoops that are excellent develop children's ability to think logically and navigate in space. Before playing, explain to the child the basic terminology - "inside" and "outside" the hoop.

For this purpose, parents use two standard hoops that differ in color, such as purple and green, and place them on any hard surface. Further, the following aspects are explained to the baby:

what part of the surface is located inside the two hoops;
inside the purple hoop, but outside the green one;
inside the green but outside the purple hoop;
outside of both hoops.

Consider in detail the content of some games.

To play with one hoop, you need to prepare logical blocks and a hoop. Next, invite the baby to place only yellow blocks inside the hoop, and place the rest of the blocks outside the hoop. The following questions can be asked to reinforce the information:

What material is inside the hoop? (Yellow).
What blocks are located outside the hoop? (not yellow).

During the game, give the baby the opportunity to independently choose the main color of the logical blocks.

To play with two hoops, prepare logic blocks and hoops that differ in purple and blue. Place hoops on a hard surface so that they have a common part after crossing. Next, invite the child to stand in different zones of the hoop, while saying the words: inside and outside the hoop. For example, stand inside the purple hoop but outside the blue hoop, or stand inside both hoops.

Then the kid places logical blocks inside two hoops. For example, inside the purple hoop you need to place all the blue blocks, and inside the yellow hoop - the round blocks. It should be noted that in this game blocks are determined by two main features: color and shape.

More difficult level different game with three hoops. In this game, kids sort the blocks according to three criteria. To play, you need to arrange the hoops so that you get eight areas. Further, parents with the baby name these areas in relation to the hoops, which differ in color. For example, inside a green and red hoop, but outside a purple hoop, or inside three hoops. After familiarizing themselves with the areas, adults offer the child to place objects in the hoops: place square-shaped blocks inside the red hoop, large blocks inside the purple hoop, and yellow blocks inside the green hoop. To consolidate and repeat the material, ask your child additional questions about the location of the material inside the hoops.

Games with hoops help kids develop attention, memory, imaginative thinking, and also teach synthesis and analysis operations.

Games with logical Gyenesh figures

Based on the Gyenes system, many manuals have been developed for various age categories. Gyenesh's logic games can be played by both three-year-old toddlers and first-graders. The "Let's play together" set includes flat logical figures that repeat Gyenes blocks and special cards with property symbols. Gyenes' logical figures introduce kids to basic geometric shapes and sizes. In an easy game form, children learn to encode and decode the information received, to carry out analysis and synthesis, and the kids also develop important psychological processes and creative thinking. With the help of symbol cards, children master the skills of using mathematical signs and learn the symbol system.

Today, a large number of game options with Gyenesh figures and symbols are presented for parents and teachers. You can also think of your own game options that will take into account all the individual characteristics of your child. Consider several games with cards symbols and logical figures.

The game "Decorate the Christmas tree with beads" teaches ordinal counting, instills the ability to understand patterns, and also develops the child's abstract thinking.

To work, you need to prepare an image of a Christmas tree, logical figures and cards with symbols. The goal of the game is to decorate the Christmas tree with five rows of beads.

Each row has three beads. On the card, the number indicates the serial number of the thread. You need to decorate the Christmas tree from top to bottom. According to the scheme, it is necessary to decorate the first row with beads. For example, a large blue circle, a small blue triangle, and a large blue square. By analogy, we place the remaining beads. In this case, the shaded circle indicates the location of the bead on the thread.

Game "Shop" develops in kids the ability to reason, argue and prove their own choice.

During the game you will need logical figures and cards with pictures various items. The child imagines that he comes to a children's toy store. To buy goods, special money is used - logical figures. Only one item is allowed per banknote. The purchase rules are that you can buy the toy in which there is only one property of the logical figure. Parents can make it difficult for a child to choose a toy. For example, when buying a toy, consider two properties of a logical figure.

Game "Artists" teaches kids to compare the properties of objects and develops his aesthetic abilities. For the game, prepare in advance logical figures, special sketches of paintings and additional details for decorating the picture. The child must draw a picture according to the sketch. Parents with a baby choose a sketch, background paper, necessary details and logical figures for the picture. In the process of work, the kid must take into account many features in order to draw a picture correctly. For example, if the part is colored, then you need to use a three-dimensional figure. The outline of the part indicates the use of a flat figure. When the picture is completely composed, it is necessary to come up with its name and tell what is depicted on it.

Benefits of the Gyenesch system

The Gyenesch system is not as well known among parents as, for example, the Nikitin method or games. This system and its multifunctional didactic material will immediately appeal to the child, regardless of his level of training and age. Logic blocks will help develop different types of thinking in the baby, reveal his potential for solving exercises and tasks. If daily used for training with a crumb figure or Gyenes blocks, then the baby will form RAM and the ability to characterize the properties of any object.

In an easy game format, the child studies the parameters of objects and geometric shapes. Kids learn to compare, analyze information, make the necessary decisions, create mathematical models, logical series and chains.

At the same time, games with Gyenes blocks are distinguished by an exciting plot, interesting solutions to the tasks. The Gyenesh system is recognized as effective and humane, contributing to the development of intellectual, aesthetic, creative abilities of children.

Gyenes technique

Logic blocks were invented by the Hungarian mathematician and psychologist Zoltan Gyenes. Block games Gyenes accessible, on a visual basis, they introduce children to the shape, color and size of objects, to mathematical representations and basic knowledge of computer science. It is worth buying Gyenes blocks for those parents who want to develop logical and analytical thinking (analysis, comparison, classification, generalization), creativity, as well as perception, memory, attention and imagination in their children. Playing with Gyenes blocks, the child performs a variety of objective actions (groups according to a feature, lays out rows according to a given algorithm). Gyenesh logic blocks are designed for children from three years old.

Gyenes blocks, which can be bought at almost any store specializing in educational materials for children, are set of 48 geometric shapes :

a) four shapes (circles, triangles, squares, rectangles);

b) three colors (red, blue and yellow figures);

c) two sizes (large and small figures);

d) two types of thickness (thick and thin figures).

As planned by Gyenesh, there are no identical figures in the set of blocks . Each geometric figure is characterized by four features: shape, color, size, thickness.