Abstract: "Story-role-playing games in physical education classes. Project "Mobile games Story games in physical education classes
In the 21st century, radical changes are taking place in the life of our society, which entail great changes in worldview and ideology, in culture and education. The new thinking brings universal human values to the fore.
I see three areas in the activity of a teacher:
1. Recovery.
2. Training.
3. Education, development.
The leading pedagogical idea in working with younger students is the formation of initial beliefs based on universal values and the need for physical exercises; creation of a situation of success in educational activities in the subject of physical culture.
I consider the upbringing of moral qualities as educational tasks: empathy, mutual assistance, complicity, restraint, the ability to win and lose. Formation of a sense of beauty and aesthetic taste.
I choose the technology of learning in the game as the dominant educational technology. Play is a natural companion of a child's life and therefore meets the law of nature. The result of the game is joy and emotional uplift. Positive emotion of creativity is the most important factors of recovery.
Particular attention should be paid to the anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics of children of this age. The child's body is subject to various influences. environment and rapid fatigue. The attention of children at this age is not stable enough. The child is often distracted by what at the moment seems to him more interesting. The will is poorly developed, so games should be used with a small number of rules. Since thinking at this age is figurative and objective, story games are the best way to promote the development of children's creative imagination and the development of personal qualities. Role-playing games are valuable in a pedagogical sense, since they have a great influence on the development of thinking, the formation of character, the development of will, moral qualities, physically strengthen the child, create a spiritual mood for positive learning activities. In the 1st grade I use the role-playing game "Zoo". It includes three parts: "Race of the Beasts", "Falcon and Swallows", "Lion and Monkeys". In the game, children, reciting plot texts, turn into animals: a fox, a hare, a wolf. Depending on the role, students perform certain movements. In the 2nd grade, the game "My favorite cartoons" is played. Children are very fond of cartoons, therefore, when developing the scenario of games based on famous cartoons, for example, "Chip and Dale", "Tom and Jerry", I solve not only educational and developing, but also educational tasks.
"Chip and Dale" - two chipmunks, very agile and fast, most importantly, they are friendly and help each other. Pairs are organized: Chip and Dale.
In the game, children run and move in pairs, show dexterity, speed when running, holding hands tightly, symbolizing their friendship. In the game "Tom and Jerry" children line up. The players standing in the first line are Jerry's team (little mice): very fast, agile (according to the cartoon), they deftly run away from the second line (Tom's teams are cunning cats).
Children showing in role-playing games ah dexterity, speed, strength, endurance, develop physically. At the same time, they experience positive emotions: joy, pleasure and, accordingly, heal.
Game "On the lake"
Children in the center of the hall form a "lake" - each sits in his own house.
Choose a merman for him, put on a beard and a small crown. In his hands is a traffic light - red and green. The teacher shows the children a drawing of a heron. All together they say "Herons walk around, raising their paws, walking merrily through bumps and stumps." For each word, students follow the teacher various movements arms and legs in a sitting position. Then they disperse around the hall and depict the movements of the heron (walking, raising the knees high, pulling the sock, arms to the sides, follow the posture). The merman raises a red traffic light, and all the herons sit in the soybean houses.
And the teacher is already showing a drawing of a frog and reading out the following refrain: “We are frogs, we are frogs, we are green bellies, we jump through the swamp and move our legs.” The waterman raises the green traffic light. All children begin to jump in a squat based on their hands and croak. The waterman raises a red traffic light. And all the frogs run to the houses (the last one to come running gets a penalty point).
Teacher: “A fisherman came to the lake, he carried a backpack behind his back, and he had a fishing rod in his hands.” At the signal of the merman, the children run to the gymnastic walls, take the rolling pins hung there, fold them in half, twist them with their right hands in a circle, jump over them, trying not to fall for the bait. The teacher tells the children that they need to lower their hand with the rope lower, and then it will be more convenient to jump.
New waterman signal (all actions are performed only on a signal). Children hang jump ropes on gymnastic walls and return to their houses.
I compose role-playing games for physical education classes. For example, the games "Sun", "Captain", "Tourists", "Spiders".
I develop extra-curricular activities in an unconventional form. For example, the sports competition "Dad, Mom and I are a sports family" is held according to the plot of Russian folk tales: "Turnip", "Morozko", "Masha and the Bear", "Geese Swans", etc.
Role-playing games based on Russian folk tales strengthen not only the body and spirit, but also introduce oral folk art, introduce children to the national culture.
Role-playing games are also held at gymnastics lessons. For example, the game "The Adventures of Pinocchio". Children, performing physical exercises in groups at the stations "In the swamp near the turtle Tortilla", "Karabas-Barabas", etc.), not only learn to jump "over bumps", rolls, etc., but also learn to show personal qualities: accuracy and accuracy of movements, mutual respect and mutual assistance.
In ski training lessons, when teaching and consolidating gliding skills, I use the game "Steam Engine". On the ski track, the teacher “goes in the first carriage”, then the students who are good at skiing, etc. depending on the level of physical fitness of children. During the movement, students follow the basic rule: do not go “out of the way”. The teacher sets the route of movement: stations are announced: “Speed” (heavy traffic), “Rest” (waiting for the “wagons” that complete the slide), “Repair” (assistance), “Finish”. Such an approach to the organization of the lesson contributes to the development of a culture of behavior and communication, the formation of such qualities as empathy, mutual support.
In my pedagogical arsenal, there are a significant number of developed scenarios for role-playing games for elementary grades, some of them are published in the journal "Physical Education at School". (No. 1, 1994 "Fairytale Journey", No. 4, 1994 "Visiting a Fairy Tale", No. 2, 1995 "For physical education minutes", No. 6, 1997 "Autumn Holidays", No. 4, 1998 "We are on a campaign", No. 3, 2000 “Subjected Physical Minutes”, No. 4, 2008 “Subjective Sports Festival “Dad, Mom and I are a sports family”).
Role-playing game "Journey by car".
In a physical education lesson from grade 1, the teacher should teach children to walk and run in a column, keeping a distance.
For children who have physical and mental defects, this is a very difficult task. For this purpose, I use the role-playing game "Journey by Car", one of the options developed by me, the game "Traffic Light".
Purpose of the game:
Running technique training;
Learning to move in a column, observing a given distance and speed;
Since the guys, moving in the role of a car, run (drive in) to the specified stations and perform exercises, many physical and mental qualities are developing, namely, spatial and temporal orientation, development of the vestibular apparatus, coordination of movements, strength, dexterity, flexibility and others;
There is an adjustment of the shortcomings of mental activity (fear, high self-esteem, inadequacy in complex motor situations.)
The game has a recreational purpose.
Cultivates endurance, the desire to win.
The plot role-playing game can be carried out from 1st to 4th grade. With age, the exercises that are performed at the stations become more difficult. The child easily joins the game, observing the rules of the game, without suspecting it, learns and develops.
Required equipment for the game:
Traffic light (green, yellow, red sheet of cardboard). Pictures of cars of various brands that can be attached or hung around the neck. Cards with the name and pictures of stations (loading, unloading, lubrication, refueling). 6 tokens per student.
Introductory organizational part.
Construction.
A complex of articular gymnastics in alternation with breathing exercises.
Main part.
The teacher announces to the students that today they are going to travel by car along the road that is on the edges of the gym. To move on the road and not make an accident, you must follow the rules traffic, such as distance, between cars, overtake only on the left side, when stopping, keep your distance. The guys choose what kind of car they will be ("Zhiguli", "Moskvich", etc.).
The children are given emblems with drawings of the car, which are attached.
The hall is a platform around the perimeter, which is the road. The road has curbs along the edges. Stations are located on the road at regular intervals. (Station "Loading", station "Unloading", station "Refill", station "Lubrication").
Station "Loading":
Equipment: dumbbells weighing 1 kg.
Students perform exercises with dumbbells. 5-6 exercises, for the development of muscle strength. You can tell the children that we are stopping by this station to load. We load power for our body through exercises with dumbbells. Exercises are performed from the starting position, standing, sitting and lying down.
Unloading station.
After we loaded our car, it must be unloaded.
Relaxation exercises. 3-4 exercise. 8-10 times.
These can be exercises from autogenic training or exercises from the game "Wooden rag dolls" (wooden doll muscles are tense, rag muscles are relaxed). I.P. lying and sitting.
Motor actions are absorbed better if the student knows how to relax the muscles. Possessing voluntary relaxation, you can quickly and well master the technique of new movements.
Between assignments, I play games with children in the lessons in which children master the muscle feeling, these are games such as “Wooden, rag dolls”, “People and robots”.
Refueling station.
The car was running and needed to fill up. Since we are not real machines, we do not refuel with gasoline, but with oxygen, which is taken from the air. Oxygen feeds our muscles and the whole body. Therefore, the more it is, the better. At this station, children perform breathing exercises, 3-4 exercises.
Lubrication station.
After refueling, the machine needs oil for lubrication. But we are living machines and we lubricate our engine and all parts with movements in the joints.
Articular gymnastics exercises. Exercises are performed on all large joints. 5-6 exercises.
Stations are located along the "road" at the same distance from each other. Above each station is attached a card with the name and description of the station.
In order for students to move from station to station without delay, it is necessary to calculate in advance the time for performing exercises at different stations. It should be about the same.
For children to better understand that they need to run with a soft spring in the foot, you can compare the leg with a spring in a car, which softens shocks and shocks. If the springs are bad or they are broken, then the car rattles and wears out quickly, so the body must be protected and so that it does not shake, it is necessary to put the foot softly, springy on the toe. From station to station, children move at a slow pace.
Low speed and pace of running create optimal conditions for learning the correct positioning of the head and torso, for adjusting the work of the arms and legs. The position of the body during running depends on the position of the head. The tilt of the head leads to an increase in the tilt of the body, and the whole running technique largely depends on the position of the body. Therefore, from the very beginning, you need to learn to keep your head straight, look in front of you, keep your torso straight, not lean forward.
As the game progresses, the teacher gives commands, for example:
KamAZ for loading, Niva for unloading, Zhiguli for lubrication, etc.
The guys-cars move along the road, keeping their distance, carefully looking at the traffic lights.
Red stop, yellow, attention, color change, green move.
The "Roadside" command is the vehicle to which this command is given. Drives to the side of the road, stops, waits for the “Movement” command.
Rules of the game: move along the road, keeping a distance of 2-3 steps. Follow traffic lights. When moving, listen to commands. Execute the command immediately.
It is forbidden - to overtake on the right, run into a comrade in front of you, stop.
The game begins with movement along the road.
Over time, as students prepare, stations are connected.
A token will be charged for breaking the rules.
Tokens are issued at the beginning of the game, 6 tokens per player.
Whoever has the most tokens at the end of the game wins.
The game is used in the introductory part of the lesson. She organizes the guys, prepares the body for the upcoming load. Distracted from the thought of the result, schoolchildren master the technique of movement much faster.
The teacher throughout the game takes the most advantageous place - the location in the gym and plays the role of a "traffic light", "traffic police", and a leader.
PROJECT ON
« Outdoor games"
1. Introduction
The prehistory of the game goes far back centuries. Play is inextricably linked to childhood. The world of childhood cannot be imagined without play. Play is the leading form of activity. It encourages the player to use certain efforts to overcome difficulties. With the help of the game, children strengthen not only dexterity, endurance, but also learn to think logically, develop speech, form diction. During the game, children experience and support each other, try not to offend and understand their comrades. The game serves to form and unite the team. That's why we all love to play so much!
The structure of games allows players to be involved in interaction. Children themselves regulate relationships, resolve controversial issues, find a way out of a conflict situation. Games are a unique tool for instilling initiative, independence and organization in children.
In the conditions of modern civilization, the computer has actively entered the life of every schoolchild. There have been many interestingcomputer games. As a result, schoolchildren spend more and more time at the computer both at school and at home, without thinking about the harmful effects on health. My parents take care of my health and therefore advise me to play more outdoor games on the street.
I haveproblem outdoor activities, as it is impossible to call the guys outside: they almost all sit at computers.
I decided to convince my peers to play outdoor games when doing this work.
2. Goals and objectives of the project
my goal research work was to find out which games the guys prefer to play in computer or mobile.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to perform a number of tasks:
Conduct a study among students in my class on their preference for types of games; To do this, create a questionnaire and interview my classmates
To study the history of Russian outdoor games.
Play some "forgotten" games with classmates,
show that these games are fun and exciting. To interest children in outdoor games; create a card index of outdoor games for the children of our class.
Hypothesis:
I assume that the guys prefer computer games. Research methods: observation, questioning, literature study, survey, games.
Object of study:
Ancient Russian outdoor games and modern games children.
3. From the history of Russian outdoor games. Types of games
From the literature, I learned that many branches of knowledge have been and are engaged in the study of games: history, pedagogy, theory and methodology of physical education.
For many centuries, the game has been the main method of education and was the preparation of the child for adulthood. In Russia, it was believed that childhood is the time allotted for games. This is how the tempering of the future character took place, this is how the child learned to overcome pain, to remain calm in emergency circumstances, learned to forgive insults and respect the opponent. In addition, the game developed physical strength, dexterity, resourcefulness, as well as the ability to sing and dance, tell stories, imitate the singing of birds and the habits of animals.
Russian children had the most different games:
finger,
competitive,
dramatic,
round dance.
Finger games were intended for the smallest: the basis was the movement of the child's fingers, accompanied by the pronunciation of short verses.
adversarial games are outdoor games, the purpose of which is to achieve superiority over the others, to show one's physical strength, dexterity, and resourcefulness.
dramatic - these are whole plays, dialogues
round dance accompanied by dances, songs, pantomime.
Most of their time the children of the peasants spent on the street. Therefore, they knew much more street games than those intended for indoors. Only in severe winter frosts did they sit in the hut, and then it was time to play with toys. True, the peasants severely limited their children in the number of toys. Toys were extremely rarely bought: older children made them for themselves, grandparents made them for the little ones.
During adolescence, children also devoted all their free time from household chores to games. Among the games, the most popular were different types of traps, tags, hide and seek, hide and seek. There were many games in which balls, harnesses, ropes were used. In winter, children went skating and sledding, played snowballs, and stormed snow fortresses. There were often races on ice on sleds, which were very similar in design to Finnish sleds. AT street games there were always many children involved - so the village games were, as a rule, massive.
There are currentlycomputer games - games behind a computer, game consoles, tablets and other electronic devices.
4. Questioning children.
To explore what games my classmates play, I conducted a survey. I included the following questions in the survey:
Which games from the list are familiar to you?
What are your 2-3 favorite games?
After I conducted a survey of 25 classmates and received answers, I collected the results and deduced the percentages.
It turned out that when asked what games do you prefer, 68% (17 people) - computer games, 40% (10 people) - outdoor games (ted, blind man's bouncer, bouncer) 24% (6 people) like board games and 36% reported sport games, such as football, tennis, basketball, and 16% (4 people) do not know any games.
It's a pity that my classmates like to play computer games more than with friends. But the fact that a little less than half of the guys love moving
games are wonderful.
When asked which games from the list you are familiar with, the guys almost all know such wonderful games as tag, catch-up, hide-and-seek, bouncer, blind man's blind man's, checkers, chess, football. A little less guys know dominoes, telephone, computer.
When answering a question:
How often do you play outdoor games? It turned out that less than half of the guys play outdoor games more than 3 times a week, and 14% play 2-3 times a week. Computer games are still played more than 32% 2-3 times a week, and 46% more than 3 times a week
Among my classmates, computer games turned out to be the most favorite. A third of the guys named the bouncer, dogs, pioneer ball, potatoes, checkers as their favorites.
My research shows that guys love computer games.
Of course, sorry!
AT recent times they talk not only about the benefits of a computer, but also about the dangers, because children use it more for playing .. For those who spend a lot of time at a computer, their eyesight may deteriorate, their spine may be bent. Mobile, sports games bring only benefits.
In order to interest my classmates in outdoor games, I created a card file of games, such as Burners, Brook, Shtander, Lame Fox. "Third wheel".
We have played these games. Everyone liked it. We played together and had fun. I hope that now we will play outdoor games more often, and I will constantly replenish the card index with outdoor games.
6.Conclusion
During my research, I discovered. That the current generation prefer to spend their free time at the computer. Slightly less than half of the guys love outdoor games, but they do not know them enough. It is good that children play board games, checkers, loto. But still, children need to play more outdoor, sports games, develop physically
We, the children, are the best distributor and promoter of games. And in order for the games to live, you need to talk about them. They need to be played!
Bibliography:
Byleeva L.V. Games of the peoples of the USSR / Comp. L.V. Byleeva, V.M. Grigoriev. - M .: Physical culture and sport, 1985. - 269 p.;
Keneman A.V. Children's outdoor games of the peoples of the USSR: a manual for kindergarten teachers / Ed. ed. T.I. Osokina. — M.: Enlightenment, 1988. — 239p.: ill.;
Kuznetsova Z.M. Folk games at the lessons of physical culture / Z.M. Kuznetsova. - Naberezhnye Chelny, 1996. - 160 p.;
Yakub S.K. Let's remember the forgotten games / S.K. Yakub. - M .: Children's literature, 1988.
Annex 1. Questioning classmates
Number of respondents - 25
What games do you prefer: computer, board, mobile or others?
Computer 17- 68%
Mobile (tags, hide-and-seek, hide-and-seek) 10 - 40%
Board games (checkers, chess) 6 - 24%
Sports (football, pioneer ball, volleyball) 9 - 36%
Mark the games that you are familiar with?
Brook
| Qty | |
Salki
hide and seek
catch-up
Townships
Lapta
dodgeball
Zhmurki
ringlet
Chizhik
Classics
rubber bands
12 sticks
Telephone
edible-inedible
Burners
knives
Dominoes
Chess
Checkers
Lotto
Volleyball
Football
Hockey
Tennis
Fanta
How often do you play outdoor games?
| Qty | |
- very rarely
Once a week
2-3 times a week
More than 3 times per
Introduction..3
1. Tasks of motor activity development
students..5
Conditions for maximum physical development of children..6
Role-playing games: psychological and pedagogical justification..8
Approximate content of role-playing games for physical education lessons……………….15
Conclusion …22
References ....23
Introduction.
Physical culture and sports are probably the only truly unique, comprehensive, unparalleled, cheapest and most effective, proven for thousands of years in all countries of the world with the most diverse political systems and economic structures, a means that can unite, captivate, subjugate oneself, force one to overcome oneself, and, if necessary, to create anew, regardless of age, profession and religious beliefs. It would seem that all of the above is so obvious and lies on the surface that there is no need to prove it. Nevertheless, it is precisely this area (physical culture) that has always remained in oblivion, and if it was mentioned, it was mainly at the declarative level. Physical culture in Russian schools, according to the new program, is presented as an educational area, as an academic discipline and the most important basic component of the formation of a holistic development of students' personality. It is aimed at ensuring the necessary level of development of vital motor skills and physical qualities and creates the prerequisites for the diverse manifestations of creative activity. Being an obligatory element of education, physical culture contributes to the harmonization of the bodily and spiritual unity of students, the formation of such universal human values as health, physical and mental well-being.
Never before has the question of the health-improving possibilities of physical education classes for younger schoolchildren been as acute as today. This is explained not only by a simple interest in finding out the potential of the child's body. Numerous studies have proven the special role of movements for the life of the body, improving its basic functions. The more active the child's involvement in the world of movements, the richer and more interesting his physical, mental development, better health.
The need for movement is one of the basic physiological needs of the child's body, being a condition for its normal formation and development. Movements in any form, adequate to the physiological capabilities of children, always act as a healing factor - this can explain the high efficiency of a wide variety of methods and forms of conducting classes, when they are based on a general effect on the body in combination with special physical exercises.
An essential side of the influence of physical exercises is an increase in emotional tone. During physical education classes, the child's mood improves, a feeling of joy and pleasure appears. Physical exercises with the right psychological and pedagogical approach are a powerful optimizing factor, as well as a means of comprehensive harmonious development child.
In connection with the above, the improvement of the old and the search for new forms, means and methods of physical education of children in preschool classes and younger schoolchildren are relevant. One of the effective forms of physical education with children of this age group is role-playing games.
1. Tasks for the development of students' motor activity
Motor activity in physical education is a wonderful basis for other types of educational work. No other activity is so favorable for children to acquire knowledge about the world around them, its laws and peculiarities. Much can be learned while sitting at a table, but immeasurably more can be learned in movement, in movement. gaming activity,
Consider the developmental tasks of physical education, the solution of which will make our children better: smarter, more humane, versatile. Here are just a few of them:
1. Formation through movements of spatial, temporal and energy representations (depending on the level of intellectual development of the child): long - short (longer - shorter), small - large (less - more), narrow - wide (already - wider), far - near (farther - closer), upper - lower (higher - lower), left - right (to the left - to the right), rear - front (back - forward), thin - thick (thinner - thicker), slow - fast (slower - faster ), frequent - rare (more often - less often), a lot - little (more - less), long - fast (longer - sooner), strong - weak (stronger - weaker), proposed relationships: “on”, “y”, “ in", "near", "near", "beside", "behind", "above", "under", "before", "between", etc.
The study in the process of motor activity of physical properties, texture of materials and objects by type: heavy - light, smooth - rough, dense - porous, elastic - brittle, soft - hard, cold - hot, wet - dry, etc.
Familiarization in the process of physical education with the appointment of various types of objects (devices) and the formation on this basis of the elements of "tool" logic (for what and how this or that object is used).
4. Refinement, expansion and activation of the children's verbal dictionary:
catch, throw, roll, stuff, football (ball);
hang, intercept with hands, swing, hang (objects and devices) on the crossbar;
rise, fall, climb, bend, jump (using a gymnastic ladder).
Development through motor tasks, games and relay races of mathematical representations, as well as attention, logic, memory, observation.
Raising the necessary personal qualities in children - such as honesty, courage, compassion, perseverance, justice, modesty, purposefulness.
Formation in the process of motor activity of the necessary aesthetic and ethical standards: femininity, softness, accuracy (for girls), masculinity, leadership, gentlemanship (for boys); education of good manners in relationships with each other, teacher, elder, other people around; awakening in children a sense of beauty, harmony (in actions, language, music, nature, etc.).
8. Correction of the emotional state of children: the formation and consolidation of positive emotions in the process of engaging in motor activity, the creation of motivation for it, the development of the correct emotional reactions to certain motor (game) situations.
2. Conditions for maximum physical development of children
To ensure the maximum physical development of each child, a number of conditions must be met: the selection of adequate means and methods of training, which should be carried out with the indispensable participation of a psychologist; creative orientation of the pedagogical process; use, along with traditional forms of work (morning exercises, physical education, outdoor games and exercises, physical culture leisure, sports holidays), non-traditional means and methods of education, such as rhythmic gymnastics, training on simulators, sports dancing, etc.
Therefore, the implementation of physical education as a system requires professional knowledge about the physical development of children, about the forms and methods of working with them.
It is extremely important that teachers competently teach children movements, their quality, they themselves understand the health-improving and psycho-corrective effects of physical exercises on the child's body. And here, along with the methodologist, a psychologist should be included in the work on “enlightening” educators, explaining the direction and interaction in the development of the mental and physiological characteristics of all children and each individually, which implements the conditions for an individual approach to education. For their part, educators should make more active contact with the child psychologist, consult with him about certain problems that have arisen.
The correct organization of physical education in the conditions of elementary school provides for systematic medical and pedagogical control and operational medical care with identified violations in the health of children and includes:
dynamic monitoring of the state of health, mentality, physical development of children;
control over the sanitary and hygienic condition of the places where classes are held (gym, etc.);
observation of a rational motor mode (organization and methodology of various forms of work on physical education, their impact on the body, control over the implementation of hardening measures, organization and management of independent motor activity of children - in all these areas, the experience and knowledge of a child psychologist can also be implemented, since not a single process of child development passes without dependence on the mental sphere of activity); educational work of parents on health and physical fitness
development of children (and here the role of a child psychologist is also important - his task is not only to suggest to parents the correct tactics of behavior with a child, but also, by virtue of existing knowledge, to find an individual approach to each of the parents).
Successful mastery of a variety of motor activities largely depends on the level of development of speed, strength, dexterity, but especially on the most important quality - endurance. At the same time, the so-called. "Psychological endurance", based on the specific characteristics of temperament, the psyche of a preschooler.
As N. Kozhukhova notes, “The problem of the development of endurance in children - the ability to perform any activity for a long time without reducing its effectiveness - seems to be important and relevant. But one should not think that the more we increase the load on the child, the more resilient he becomes. Excessive loads have the opposite effect, lead to a "breakdown" of the endurance mechanisms of the heart, muscles, nervous system" one .
physical games and exercises that develop all kinds of endurance should be included in all activities of children.
Once from a limited family circle to a large children's team, the child does not own socially acceptable ways of communication, does not have the experience of playing together with other children, and does not have the necessary gaming skills. This makes him an unattractive partner in the eyes of his peers, and the child may find himself in a group as if in isolation. At the same time, against the background of dissatisfaction with resentment, aggressive actions often appear: the child breaks other people's buildings, tears drawings, makes every effort to interfere with the game in which he is not accepted.
In this case, a lot of work is required both by the teacher and psychologist of the kindergarten, and by the parents. The psychologist invites the parents for a conversation, explains the situation to them, plays with the child in their presence, including the parents in this game. He introduces parents to the approximate theme of the games adopted by the group, offers them literature for “playing” fairy tales and stories explains the sequence of complication game actions according to the age of the child.
Also, to reduce the level of aggression, it is possible to recommend the inclusion of this child in sports games, primarily team-type, so that he understands his responsibility to the team for aggressive behavior on the site. At the same time, in order not to create in him a negative perception of children who play in another team, it is necessary to constantly “mix” players from different teams.
Great importance in the physical education of children is the joint work with parents. Teachers, methodologists, psychologists give them the necessary knowledge about the age and psychological characteristics of the child's body, introduce them to the problems and achievements that the child has. Through visual agitation, consultations, conversations, workshops, they introduce the latest achievements in the field of physical development of children. Captivate parents, show them how interesting it is to spend leisure time in the family for the benefit of the child, convey to them information about the features of the younger school age- one of the main tasks of preschool institutions, including psychologists.
3. Role-playing games: psychological and pedagogical justification.
The plot lesson is one of the organizational forms of conducting lessons in physical culture, which contributes to raising the interest of children in preschool classes and younger students in the process of performing physical exercises. Unlike classes conducted in the traditional form, all means of physical education used in the plot lesson are subject to a certain plot (for example, in the “Sea Kingdom” complex, respiratory gymnastics exercises “Sail”, “Waves hiss”, etc., general developmental exercises “Fish”, “Mermaid”, “Medusa”, etc., outdoor games “Tsunami”, “Seine”, “Water”, etc., dance “Crayfish”, circular training “Sailors on a ship in a storm”, etc. .).
The use of imitation and imitation techniques, figurative comparisons corresponds to the psychological characteristics of younger students, facilitates the process of memorization, mastering exercises, increases the emotional background of the lesson, promotes the development of thinking, imagination, creativity, and cognitive activity.
The idea of a story lesson is not new in principle. However, the disadvantages of many plot exercises, including those published in specialized literature and used in the practice of educational institutions, include low motor density, excessive subordination of exercises to the plot to the detriment of the development of motor qualities, insufficient physical activity that does not provide a training effect.
When developing story activities, we tried to preserve their characteristic features, but at the same time avoid the shortcomings noted above. First, we define the tasks: strengthening the health of children, increasing the functional and adaptive capabilities of the body, mental and physical performance; harmonious development of all parts of the musculoskeletal system, the formation of correct posture; improvement of motor skills, education of motor qualities; development of mental abilities and emotional sphere; development of musical and rhythmic abilities, education of interest and need for systematic physical exercises.
Secondly, the selection of means and methods of physical education is determined by the age (anatomical, physiological, psychological and motor) characteristics of children: various physical exercises are used, the sequence of which corresponds to the generally accepted three-part structure. At the same time, the exercises used in the preparatory and final parts of the classes, as well as etudes of psycho-gymnastics, dances and games, can be changed after 2-3 lessons, varying them in accordance with the plot. It is advisable to perform the complexes of general developmental exercises used in the main part for 15-16 lessons, gradually complicating the exercises and increasing the load. When dosing exercises, it is necessary to take into account the level of preparedness and individual capabilities of children.
The study of the age dynamics of strength development showed that in the period from 7 to 11 years there is a significant increase in muscle mass and, accordingly, the contractility, strength and performance of muscles increase, therefore, according to the recommendations of L. Kechedzhieva et al., exercises for the muscles of the shoulder girdle and hip joints a child of this age can perform daily from 20 to 30 times, and for the muscles of the body - from 40 to 60 times, in separate series of 6-8 or 12-16 times. A large amount of work performed causes noticeable changes in metabolism, in the work of the functional systems of the body, expanding the mechanisms of adaptation not only to physical activity, but also to the action of various environmental factors, and contributes to an increase in overall performance.
After learning the exercises for 3-4 lessons, they are performed to the music in a streaming way according to the method of rhythmic gymnastics. The use of rhythmic music evokes positive emotions in children, contributes to the development of a sense of rhythm, and facilitates the formation of motor skills. The use of a serial-flow method of performing exercises allows you to increase the load and motor density of classes and increase their training effect. It should be taken into account that physical loads that do not cause stress on physiological functions, in accordance with the scientific conclusions of Academician N.M. Amosov, Professor V.K. Balsevich and other scientists do not give a sufficient effect. The training effect (adaptation to physical activity) of physical exercises in children aged 7-8 years is provided at a heart rate (HR) of 140-160 beats per minute.
To increase the interest of children in the exercises performed and enhance cognitive activity, it is advisable to supplement the plot lessons in physical education with thematic games-activities: for example, the "Sea Kingdom" complex can be supplemented by M. Sigimova's cognitive game-activity "Mysteries of the Sea King", etc. In the process of plot lessons, it is recommended to use poems, riddles, songs that correspond to the plot: for example, before learning the “Crayfish” dance, make a riddle “People live under water - they walk backwards”; when performing exercises of low intensity, simple in structure, “Sea Wave” and “I’m Lying in the Sun”, invite the children to all together say aloud an excerpt from A.S. Pushkin’s fairy tale “You are my wave, wave ...” or sing a song from the cartoon “How the lion cub and the tortoise sang a song." You can also invite children to make drawings at home that are thematically related to the plot of the lesson (draw a sea, a fish, a seagull, a boat, etc.), read stories, fairy tales of the corresponding plot content (for example, the fairy tale by G.Kh. Anders on "The Little Mermaid") . Such homework along with motor tasks (for example, to perform one or another exercise of the complex at home) will help to attract the attention of parents to the physical education of children, to interest them in the success of their child.
When selecting musical accompaniment for exercises aimed at mastering the skill of voluntary relaxation, and some etudes of psycho-gymnastics, it is recommended to use special music, thematically related to the plot, for relaxation in combination with natural sounds. The sounds of ocean waves, according to scientific and methodological literature, are the most relaxing, help relieve psycho-emotional stress, master the skills of physiological self-control, and develop mental abilities. The results of scientific research indicate the need to use the elements of psychoregulation in the process of health training, especially on initial stage occupation, as it accelerates the adaptation of the body involved in physical activity.
The developed complexes of plot lessons are aimed at a phased accentuated development of motor qualities, which takes from 50 to 70% of the time of classes.
Each set of plot lessons is used on average for 2-2.5 months, which is justified by the results of research by V.K. Balsevich with co-authors, who found that the use of short (within two months) training programs aimed at developing individual motor qualities in the process of physical education of younger schoolchildren is quite effective and causes a significant improvement in indicators characterizing the level of development of motor qualities.
Describing the role-playing game, S.L. Rubinstein emphasizes that this play is the most spontaneous manifestation of the child and, at the same time, all of it is based on the interaction of the child with the adult. It has all the main features in the greatest completeness: emotional richness, enthusiasm for children, independence, creativity, activity.
The role-playing game is a reflective activity by its nature. It is a secondary stage in the child's cognition of reality.
Creative role-playing game has specific motives:
The adoption by the child of the role of an adult, the reproduction of it
activities, relationships;
Interest in certain events, in actions with educational mat
rial;
The desire for joint activities in the society of peers. Rea-
lization of game actions in a role-playing game often leads children to
how to identify gaps in their knowledge. This causes various
questions that are satisfied in the very course of creative play by means of
exchange of opinions between its participants, as a result of an explanation by an adult
or stimulate the child's independent observation outside of play.
The knowledge that a younger student has, thanks to their practical and effective reproduction in a plot-role-playing game, acquires a stronger, more conscious character.
Thus, plot tasks and a plot game, as non-traditional methods of conducting physical education classes, built on a combination of various knowledge and activities, are quite effective in maintaining the health of students. 4. Guidelines for organizing role-playing games
How to explain the game:
The explanation of the game is carried out only after placing on the starting position, which facilitates a better understanding of the game by the participants and its organization. An explanation of the game should accompany the demonstrations so that the players do not have unnecessary questions.
When explaining games, the following scheme should always be followed:
name the game /preferably indicate the purpose for which it is held/ and give the name to the teams;
explain and show the content of the main motor actions and the location of the players on the court;
briefly explain the course of the game and the direction of movement of the players /preferably accompanied by a demonstration/;
put before the players the goal of the game /definition of the winner/;
explain the basic rules of the game /indicate for what penalty points will be awarded/.
It is necessary to explain the game briefly and clearly in order to arouse interest in it and focus the attention of the players on the exact execution of motor actions, on the observance of the rules. Inventory for the game:
Many games require a variety of equipment: balls, maces, hoops, jump ropes, relay sticks, sandbags, flags of different colors, ropes of various lengths and thicknesses, ribbons, gymnastic sticks, towns, cubes, boards, rings, etc. Simple inventory, which can be partially purchased at the store, and most of it is easy to make in school workshops by high school students, parents, and chefs.
In some games, some participants have to be blindfolded. Usually caps or bandages are used for this. Caps can be glued from colored paper, they must be of such a size that they completely cover the face. If bandages are used in games, then whenever the bandage passes from one player to another, a blank sheet of paper is placed under it.
Game process management:
The duty of the leader is to skillfully manage the course of the game, finish it on time and correctly sum up the results. First of all, the leader should comment on the process of the game, teach / in the course / performance of game tasks / make comments on the quality of the exercises, monitor the behavior of those involved, compliance with the rules, etc. /. The education of endurance, perseverance in achieving the goal, collectivism is an important concern of the leader of the game.
The leader presents maximum initiative to the participants of the game and at the same time remains an impartial judge. The game should be conducted in such a way that its participants themselves monitor the exact implementation of the rules and game tasks.
Regulation of physical activity in the game:
An important methodological feature of the management of the game is its dosing and completion.
Changes and regulation of the load in games are carried out by the following methods:
changing the distance for running;
changing the number of repetitions of game tasks;
simplification or complication of individual rules;
change in motor tasks;
changing the size of the site or the number of equipment, obstacles, etc.
After the first attempt, the leader must summarize and indicate which teams acted correctly, which of the players broke the rules, and announce the team that won the first attempt. After the end of the game, you need to build the participants in a column, give a short run, turning into walking. After that sum up the game.
In addition to the result of the game, the leader needs to evaluate the following points in the actions of children:
knowledge of the rules and the ability to apply them in the game;
the ability to act expediently depending on the game situation;
the ability to use familiar, previously studied motor actions in the game;
creativity in the game.
It is impossible to allow manifestations of undisciplined behavior of the players /shouts, disputes, disagreement with the decision and the result, etc./.
It is necessary to achieve the conscious implementation of the game rules, respect for the opponent, responsibility to the team for their actions and deeds.
It is necessary to stimulate the positive aspirations of children and prevent the manifestation of false pride, superiority over others, arrogance. Excessive attention and guardianship to individual guys sometimes allow them to believe in their exclusivity, superiority and infallibility.
End game:
As a result of high emotionality, the players cannot control their state, which leads to overexcitation and fatigue. When fatigue occurs /passivity, loss of accuracy, breakdown in behavior, etc./ it is necessary to reduce the load.
The game should be completed when the participants have received satisfaction from it. At this point, the goals set before the game should be achieved. Then it will give pleasure and cause a desire to repeat it again.
It is advisable to warn the players about the end of the game with the words: “Last time!”, “There is one task left!” etc. The end of the game should cause students to expect the next lesson.
Summing up the game:
When summing up the results of the game, it is important to take into account not only the speed, but also the quality of the execution of motor actions. In determining the result of the game, a clear identification of errors and incorrect actions is of great educational importance. At the same time, students, as well as judges and those present, should be taught to analyze the results of the game. This increases conscious discipline and interest in physical exercise. The result of the game should be determined simply and clearly. Scoring and determining the winner should be clear. The game ends in an organized manner, with the announcement of the results, and after a short rest, the game is analyzed with the identification of errors and shortcomings.
It is necessary to note the best drivers and judges, paying attention to the violation of discipline.
5. Approximate content of role-playing games for physical education lessons
"Health Path"
Name of the exercise
Accompanying text
Exercise Instructions
"Giant"
We are getting higher We take out the roof with our hands Get up on your toes And stretch with the top of your head! The sun is high in the sky, It's not easy to reach With every step Higher, higher, Let's get closer to the sun!
Children walk along the path on their toes, raising their straight arms up, palms inward.
"Wings"
Swans swim in a flock,
Straight and proud they know how to hold on,
Wings flap - beautifully fly,
Quietly sit on the water. Hands in the "wings" folded And they looked like on their heels!
Hands in "wings" - the elbows are pressed to the waist, the shoulder blades are connected. Walking on heels.
"Candle"
We walk on our knees, keep our back straight! Mom will praise us for a beautiful posture! And now we are like On the outer vault!
Walking on the gymnastic bench on your knees, arms to the sides or on the belt. Then walking on the outer arch of the foot, hands on the belt.
"Kitty"
Our back is flexible
Just like a cat!
We take an example from her
And, bending over, we will pass the circle!
Walking on all fours, bending
back.
"Ostrich"
The ostrich is a proud bird, He walks easily. We'll try that too. Raise the knee high!
Walking with a high knee lift, hands on the belt.
"Dog"
To find the way to the house, You need to look for a familiar trace. Zhulka rightly took the trail, Directly led to the house!
Walking on the gymnastic bench on your knees, hands on the floor.
"House"
Lean on your hands and don't
rot your knees, There is no room for laziness in this exercise!
Walk on your hands, do not bend your knees.
"Swan and duck"
Like a swan on the water, I float on my stomach, And now, like a duck, I look like a minute!
Pull up on the gymnastic bench on the stomach. Then walking in a semi-squat, the back is straight.
"Back pull-up"
Pulling up on the back Never difficult for me. Sit down and quickly get up again And dance "Gypsy Girl"!
Pull-ups on the gymnastic bench on the back."Gypsy"- chlopoke with your hands above your head, then, turning your head to the right, touch your right heel with your right hand. Repeat the same on the left side.
"Snake"
I will be glad to jump like a snake, I will overtake all the guys! And now - attention! The letter "T" is a task.
Jumping over the gymnastic bench "snake". Walking with a turn of the foot in the form of the letter "T".
"Ladle"
A brook flows in the forest, I will stand on the bridge, I will get cold water from it with a ladle. I run along the path, I stomp on the pebbles, I repeat the letter "T" And I clap my hands!
We walk along the gymnastic bench, hands on the belt. Crouching slightly, we lower one leg, almost touching the floor, then the other. Running along the massage path, stomp on the pebbles, repeat the letter "T". Clap your hands
in front of.
"Beauty of the East"
I worked hard, I wasn't lazy, And now it's within my power, Like the beauties of the East, To carry a jug on my head! With a beautiful figure We proudly look forward, We are not treated with medicine - We are healthy all year round!
Having adopted the correct posture, the children carry a bag of sand or salt weighing 300g on their heads, repeating the last quatrain in chorus
The plot game "Journey in the mountains, crossing over the abyss"
The teacher intriguedly informs the students that everyone who knows how to work will receive a parting gift.
Presents them with a gymnastic wall. Find out if such a construction is familiar, With who they did, what they did, what they developed. Everything is in pace, because in eyes of interest: "Where's the gift?".
A figurative picture of a journey in the mountains is created, about the dangers during the transition ... Everyone agrees that it is necessary to check the readiness for a hike-transition. Participants (climbers), each on their own rocky section (wall span), demonstrate the ability to move up, to the sides, fix the “hold the hang” position and at the end of the task descend on their hands (legs are conditionally injured), and so 2-3 approaches.
According to physical fitness and psychological mood, we are reorganized into a marching formation, and on the road! The route is marked along the entire length with colored tape (long climb, summit, vertical descent). The transition is accompanied by the words of Vysotsky’s song “Take a risk in the mountains...”, my Special attention closing. Support sounds like a refrain - “Do not leave him alone”, I pick it up - “Let him be in a bundle with you ... We will understand who he is”.
When analyzing, pragmatic climbers do not immediately understand and accept that calluses (redness) on the palms are a labor gift. I am convinced that all the values of the world are created by labor hands - they understand and accept.
I congratulate the children on their success, I ask you to shake my hand firmly and firmly in parting, so that the teacher is convinced that their callused hands will be kind and reliable, assistants in work and in physical education and sports, and, following folk wisdom, remember: in case of difficulties, do not lower hands! With this gift-hello, I involve parents in joint activities and responsibility for the physical development of the child.
Etudes "Toy on the line!", "Rope walkers"(acquaintance with the marking lines of the sports hall)
To get acquainted with the lines, children bring their favorite bright toy to the lesson. They sit down in the central circle (CC), the teacher informs the children that the line of this circle is not simple, like the neighboring large circle, but both are magical. Staying on these lines (standing, sitting, lying) restores strength and gives vigor. Children cheerfully accept the conditions of the game of tasty acquaintances. On the line (CC), they “taste” a milk-chocolate cocktail, and on the next line, a vitamin-fruit cocktail.
The game "Toy on the line!" we continue our acquaintance with straight lines - side, front and central dividing lines. On command (called a line), it is necessary to run to the line with a throw, put the toy and, dispersed throughout the hall, stand on a conditional point, facing the toy and perform exercises (homework) for flexibility, strength and dance combinations. All this is consistent - from line to line, from task to task.
An additional exercise will not hurt - a game of skill and orientation. On a signal, the children run from the point and run around their toy on the line, return to their place - “Who is faster?” I feel like they are looking forward to a delicious holiday.
Tired of running, I invite children to refresh themselves with drinks on the lines of the circles. On vacation, it is appropriate to introduce students to the corners of the gym - right, left (upper and lower).
We finish the lesson with the role-playing game "Rope Walkers". The guys walk along the rope lines, imitating circus tightrope walkers. The spirit without height does not capture, there is enough diligence, but the smile disappears. I ask you to be like artists: move beautifully and give a smile.
Etude "Treasure hunt" (acquaintance with the vertical rope, the rope is attached to the wall bar of the gymnastic wall, height-1.5 to 3.0 m)
The plot is the discovery of the secret of the cave of the treasure island, in which the famous pirates hid their treasure.
The guys are waiting for the familiar route of crossing the rocks (gymnastic wall) and descent along the rope into the cave.
It is impossible to descend by slipping, as the rope-liana has sharp spikes. By intercepting hands, using various grips with legs, treasure hunters descend along the liana to the bottom of the cave, where intricate pirate maps-puzzles of the hidden treasure await them. There are always children who, by grabbing their legs crosswise, keep themselves on the rope during the descent. I pay attention to a comfortable grip. Several training sessions with descent, solving the puzzle, and the treasure hunters are ready to pick up treasures (bulky backpack) and go along the route in the opposite direction. They do it with success and enthusiasm. The rope helps to assimilate the upper levels of the height of the gym. The transition to a big rope (climbing) takes place without height complexes, but this is another game - "Collecting Coconuts".
Etude "Transition in Suvorov" (introduction to gymnastic bars)
The task is to cross the mountain gorge-chasm along the "Devil's Bridge". The example of Suvorov - the transition of the Russian army in the winter Alps along the "Devil's Bridge" fuels the interest of the guys in the transition. The whole arsenal of movements-movements on the floor, gymnastic bench - imitation of animals, reconnaissance fighters - will be used when crossing the bars bridge. The movements under the bars will not be forgotten - in the hang, from above - in the emphasis on the hands. Dismounts by jumping, sliding down an inclined gymnastic bench ...
Complicated conditions - raising the poles both in parallel, and at different heights, at different angles - all this is a Suvorov-style survival test, where not only physical qualities but also volitional. Children with a bang take this sketch.
Etude "Circus riders-jigits" (acquaintance with the balance beam, horse, goat)
We play the situation “mounting a saddle on a horse” (log) in pairs. Standing facing the side of the horse, we jump at point-blank range and with a leg swing we find ourselves in the saddle with legs apart, facing a fellow horse rider (we imitate horse riding - jumping while sitting, standing, moving under a horse, lowering in a curtain position with two legs under a log, with lifting into the saddle by force or in one fell swoop), we work out with the help of a teacher, a comrade, lowering and lifting in both directions:
we conduct control competitions in pairs, teams. "On the horses!"
who will be in the saddle faster:
in pairs - “battle with a pike” - knocking a fellow rider off a horse with a pike (gymnastic stick with a boxing glove at the end);
"All on horses!" - the whole group in the saddle on a log;
the gymnastic balance beam is one of the merry amusements of valiant fun!
We use the acquaintance with the gymnastic horse and the gymnastic goat as stations in the circuit training.
Etude "Assault on heights". The motto is "For your friends and comrades!" (introduction to gymnastic mats) From gymnastic mats we add a hill-height, divide into groups-teams and, with the support of our fellow fans, we start the game. The task is to capture the height, take possession of the flag, and all this for the first time in confrontation, in contact, in excitement with a conditional enemy. Not only physical qualities are tested (dexterity, strength, wrestling techniques), but also courage and courage, the ability to stand up for yourself and your comrades, to provide assistance, and all in public, with active fans ... do not give up, fight back. Storm is a real school of courage!
Presentation of inventory "Magic Show"
How the learning process will benefit if the ball, hoop, gymnastic stick are adequately presented to children! Children love it when the object is skillfully manipulated (juggled) and equipment (a boring term) will be shown in all its glory in the basic basic exercises of this sport. If a two-minute presentation of a basketball (stroke, dribbling, moving) ends with a throw - hitting the ring, applause will definitely arise as a reward. Children will never confuse this ball with other balls!
Physical education lesson with a discontinuous structure according to the plot of the fairy tale "Pinocchio"Target : 1. Exercise children in walking at an average pace, running, on toes, snake and shin overlap.
Learn to crawl on all fours between the cubes with a snake, crawl over the gymnastic bench.
Continue to teach to walk on the gymnastic bench sideways, straight with a bag on your head
Practice jumping on two legs moving forward from hoop to hoop
Cultivate interest in movement
Equipment : gymnastic cubes, bench, hoops, balance bags. Preparation for the lesson: reading the fairy tale "Pinocchio".
Lesson progress : Children, today I saw an amazing dream: as if we were in the fairy tale "Pinocchio". And with us there were different interesting stories. Would you like to actually visit this fairy tale? Okay. I will show you the way there. But to get into a fairy tale, you need to overcome many obstacles, show strength, dexterity, endurance, kindness, friendship. Get ready, be careful and do what I tell you.
Introductory part:
Line up behind each other behind the high - low. Straighten your shoulders, raise your heads. Be slim like Pinocchio. Let's show how Pinocchio proudly went to school with the alphabet. Walking one after another at an average pace of 30 seconds.
Here he met Alice. Let's show how this cheat on toes runs in a circle, like a snake (at a different pace: fast and slow).
And here is the cat Basilio. Let's be like him. Like this (showing) relying on the hands and toes of the feet - 15 sec.
And now Pinocchio is running away from the fox and the cat like this in an overlap - 15-30 seconds. He ran away and went home from the fox and the cat and went home to Papa Carlo (normal walking). All these exercises are performed continuously at a pace.
Part II Basic movements
Now guess where in the fairy tale I want to take you? You'll never guess In the Field of Miracles.
Did I tell you that there will be obstacles? Huge trees (cubes) grow in the forest. We will need to crawl between these trees with a snake - you know how.
Here is the fallen tree. We need to climb over it - like this (demonstrating) - 2 times.
And now we need to go through the swamp. Think about how you can get through it? Correctly. Jumping from bump to bump with both feet. Easy on toes.
And what is it so noisy, seething? Yes, this is a fast river, and here is a bridge across it. Let's go through it, whoever wants it: you can go straight, you can sideways. But in order to get to the Field of Miracles, you need to overcome these obstacles 3 times. Once overcame and still left - two times. Only then will we find a surprise (Children do the exercises, I monitor the quality and posture of the boats! We overcame all the obstacles.
And here is the Field of Miracles. Somewhere in here is a surprise. Now we must find it. You will walk across the field, look for. When you are far from the surprise, I will say "Cold", next to it - I will say loudly "Hot" (Children search, find a beautiful envelope, colorful, magical). It contains a letter from Malvina and Pinocchio. I read the letter: "Children! For your courage, dexterity, kindness and friendship, we give you new game, which is called "Pinocchio and Malvina". Game conditions: Children stand in pairs - a girl and a boy. On a signal (tambourine, bell) they scatter, run without bumping into each other. On another signal, they find their mate and dance. (With a music worker, pick up music and learn a few movements). Repeat the game 3-4 times. The result of the game: we were attentive, did not run into each other.
This is where our fun adventures come to an end. How can we get into kindergarten now? Listen to me carefully and do what I tell you.
III part In an even circle, one after another, we go step by step. Stay where you are! Let's do this together:
Exhalation and retraction of the abdomen .... thin, like Pinocchio.
Exhale with inflating the belly "fat belly like Karabas Barabas". Here are the good guys! Now look around - here we are in our native kindergarten. It's time for us to return to the group. Let's say goodbye to the guests. They leave to the music.
Conclusion
The essence of the game method lies in the systematic use of didactically transformed (or specially selected) games in teaching game activities.
educational game is the main tool of this method.
Depending on the circumstances, the game can be presented in the form of a mobile (or imitation) game, an exercise of a game nature, various variants of the studied sports game.
Diversity game forms allows you to use this method at various stages of training. And because of this, it has the property of a situationally determined method of teaching.
The special significance of this method lies in the fact that it is fundamentally different from the exercise method. If exercises according to a given pattern reflect the essence of the deductive method of assignment, then the independent search for a solution by the students characterizes a completely different inductive method.
This fundamental difference means that the process of learning any activity is simply impossible without involving the game method. The inductive method activates cognitive activity, providing the assimilation of the necessary knowledge at all three levels - reproductive, constructive, creative.
The path of learning through play is the most adequate method of teaching children younger age who, due to their mental characteristics, are not capable of long-term learning of game elements isolated from the game.
The successful use of the game method in teaching children to play is the result of a well-thought-out system of using outdoor games and exercises of a game nature, different in their difficulty and direction, with the help of which the whole complex of tasks of physical development and learning is solved.
Bibliography
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Balsevich V.K., Bolshenkov. V.G., Ryabintsev F.P. The concept of physical education with a health-improving orientation of primary school students of general education schools //Physical culture: upbringing, education, training. 1996, no. 2.
Human valeology 1-Sh vol. V.P. Petlenko // PETROC : St. Petersburg - 1998
Efimenko N. Theater of physical development and health improvement of children of preschool and primary school age. M.. 1999.
5. Zhuk V.A., Martynenko I.P. An effective method of motor training of schoolchildren. // Ways to improve the physical culture of schoolchildren. - Omsk: OGPI, 1989.
6. Pedagogy and health.-M.: Pedagogy, 1990
7. Malykhina M.V., Protchenko TL^ Polyanskaya N.V. etc. Personal physical culture of secondary school students: the problem of content selection: Proceedings of VIII scientific and practical. conf. on the problems of physical education of students "Man, health, physical culture and sport in a changing world." Kolomna, 1998.
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11.. Shcherbinina V.P. Pedagogy of healthy development of young children. Grodno, 1992.
GENERAL GAMES
The games on this page are recommended for use in physical education classes in elementary grades. The games are arranged in order of increasing difficulty. Designed for 6-8 year olds.
"Running centipedes"
Play 2-3 teams of 10 people. The leader ties each team with a rope, or the players “put on” a gymnastic hoop. On a signal, a group of "centipedes" begin to move to the finish line.
The team that comes first and does not fall along the way wins.
"Sparrows and Crows"
There are two teams of 10 people. The players of one are crows, the other are sparrows. The groups line up in a line, back to back. It is determined where the team has a house, where you can hide, so as not to be stained. The host calls out the name of one of the teams, for example: “V-ro-ny!”. The sparrows run away to their house, and the crows catch them. If the signal “Sparrows!” is given, then the crows run away, and the sparrows catch them. The number of players caught is counted.
The team that catches the most opponents wins.
"DO NOT SPLASH WATER"
A glass of water is placed on tennis rackets. Participants, at the signal of the leader, run to the finish line and return back to the start line.
The player who comes first and does not spill the water wins.
"STEAM LOCOMOTIVE AND CARS"
Play 2-3 teams of 10 people. Each line up at the start in a column, at the back of each other's head. In front of the team, at a distance of 15m, an object is placed - a stone, a stick, a pin, a flag, a tree branch stuck into the ground. At the signal of the leader, the first numbers run forward to the reference point, go around it and again run to their team. The second number joins the first number, grabbing him by the belt, and now they run forward together, then the third numbers join them, the fourth, etc. The team that finishes the competition first wins.
"WE ARE NOT AFRAID OF A CAT"
10-15 people can play. The driver is chosen - a cat, all the rest - mice. The cat sits on the ground and sleeps. Mice surround him and sing a song:
Tra-ta-ta, tra-ta-ta. We are not afraid of goats!
At the signal of the presenter: “The skin woke up!” - the mice run away to their house, and the cat tries to catch them. Those whom the cat stains (touches with his hand) become his prey.
At the second signal of the presenter: “The cat fell asleep!” - the players again approach the driver, who returned to his place and sleeps, and again sing the song of mice. After three exits of the cat to hunt, a new driver is selected.
"CHESS"
Two teams of 5 people play. An open chessboard is placed in the middle of the playing area.
Teams line up in columns one after another on opposite sides. Near one group lie black chess pieces, near the other - white. At the signal of the leader, the first numbers of both teams take one figure each and run to chessboard, put the figure in its place, come back, touch the next player with their hand, who
takes a piece, runs to the board, etc. The first numbers take place at the end of the column. The team whose players quickly and correctly place the chess pieces wins.
"SEINE"
Two players hold hands and catch other players. Having caught up with someone, they must join their hands so that the person caught is in a circle. Now the three of them catch the rest. Everyone caught becomes part of the seine. The game continues until all participants are caught.
"RUN WITH AN EGG IN A SPOON"
The host gives each of the players a spoon containing an egg, a potato or a tennis ball. At the signal of the facilitator, the participants run, holding the spoons in front of them and trying not to drop the objects in them.
The one who reaches the finish line first wins.
Two teams can also compete. Then the first players of both teams, having reached the finish line, make a turn and run to the start - they pass the spoon to the second numbers, etc. The team whose players are the first to finish the run wins.
"RUNING WITH A BURNING CANDLE"
The leader gives each of the players a plate to which a burning candle is glued. At the signal of the leader, the competitors run to the finish line, making sure that the candle does not go out. If teams participate in the game, then the first numbers, having reached the finish line, return to the start and pass the plate with a burning candle to the second numbers, the second to the third, etc. The team that finished the run first and whose candle did not go out during the run wins.
"CHAMPIONS OF THE RUN RELAY"
The players are divided into two equal teams and line up at the start in a column one after another. At the signal of the leader, the first players of both teams run to the reference point (stone, pin, cube, flag), go around it, return back to the start line and touch the outstretched hand of the next participant, the second numbers also run to the finish line, return and pass the baton to the third numbers , third fourth, etc.
The team that finishes the run before the other team wins.
Then the groups compete with each other in the following types of relay races:
Running together, wearing a single hoop;
Running with the ball;
Running with carrying a partner;
Running with one ski on the leg.
Running in fins;
Running backwards (backward);
Running with jumping rope;
Running with an apple on your head;
Running with arm tuck balloon;
Running with overcoming simple obstacles.
"JUMPS THROUGH ROPES"
The players are divided into two teams, each of which is divided into pairs. The couples become columns facing each other and hold the ends of the rope at knee level.
At the signal of the host, the first pair puts the rope on the ground and both players run (one to the left, the other to the right) to the end of their column, and then jump over the ropes of the remaining pairs. Having reached their place, they lift the rope from the ground. Behind them, the second pair puts the rope on the ground, jumps over the first rope and goes all the way to the first pair. Then the third pair comes into play, the fourth, and so on.
The team whose players finish jumping rope first wins.
"CHAMPIONS OF THE BIG BALL"
Players compete against each other in the following contests.
Hitting the ball on target. A target is drawn on the wall with chalk. Strikes are performed with the right and left legs from a place, then from a run.
On the ground, some objects are placed one after another, you need to circle them, driving the ball with your foot (either right or left).
Raise your hands with the ball above your head, release it and catch it on the fly.
Lean with your left hand on the gene, hit the ball with the right hand on the wall from under your arm, catch with both hands.
Hit the ball against the wall, clap your hands on your knees and catch the ball.
Throw the ball under the left, then under the right foot and catch it.
Throw the ball up, sit down, touch the ground with your hands, then straighten up and catch the ball first with both hands, then alternately with your right and left.
Throw the ball to each other with pops, with a turn, with a rebound from the ground.
Throwing the ball into the distance for a distance (who will throw further).
Throwing the ball at an escaping partner.
Throwing the ball into a basketball basket from different distances.
A ball is placed on the ground at a distance of 6 m. Another ball must hit this ball. to make it roll as far as possible.
Pins are placed at a distance of 8 m. With a kick (right, then left) you need to knock it down.
Roll the ball down the hill and catch up with it.
Standing opposite each other, and clasping the ball with your hands, try to take the other ball from the opponent and not give your own.
"CATCH THE BALL"
Players stand with their backs to each other at a distance of 1 m. Each has a ball in their hands. At the leader's signal, the ball is thrown back over the head, and everyone rushes forward after the opponent's ball.
The winner is the one who quickly catches up with the ball and returns to its original position.
"HOLD THE BALL"
The ball must be placed on the book, carefully raised above the head without dropping the ball, and just as carefully lowered. That one wins. who did the right thing.
"HOT BALL"
The players become in a circle. The host gives the ball, and on a signal, the participants pass it clockwise to each other. Neli, the host says: “Stop!”, The transfer of the ball stops, and the player who has it in his hands is out of the game. The host gives the command: “Begin!”, and the game resumes.
The last player left when there is no one to pass the ball wins.
"JUMPING WITH THE BALL"
Players line up at the starting line. Holding the ball between their knees, the participants jump towards the finish line.
The winner is the one who rode first and did not lose the ball.
"HIT WITHOUT LOOKING"
The ball is placed in front of the player at a distance of 5-6 steps. Blindfold the eyes. You have to go to the ball and kick it with your foot.
The winner is the one who successfully completed the task.
"BE ABLE TO HOLD"
Several pairs of players compete with each other, trying to reach the finish line as quickly as possible:
putting the ball on the shoulders, and pressing it with their heads on both sides;
pressing the ball with his shoulders;
holding the ball with their backs;
holding the ball, holding it with their foreheads and moving sideways.
The pair that comes first and does not lose the ball wins.
"NOUN, ADJECTIVE, VERB"
The players take the ball and stand in a circle. The first participant, throwing the ball, calls some noun. The catcher calls the adjective and throws the ball further, the third player calls the verb. For example: “Bird,” says the first; “Black,” says the second; “Flies,” says the third, and, throwing the ball to the next, calls a new noun.
"FISHES, BIRDS, Beasts"
The players stand in a circle. In the center is the leader with the ball in his hands. The host throws the ball to one of the participants and says: "The Beast."
The one who catches the ball must quickly name someone from the animal world and throw the ball back to the leader. If the leader, throwing the ball, says "fish" or "bird", the catcher calls the fish or bird. Anyone who does not answer the host or hesitates to answer is out of the game.
"THE DRAGON"
Two teams of 6-8 people participate. Players line up one after another in a column. Between the participants, it is clamped on the ball with the back and chest. At the signal of the host, the "dragons" run to the finish line.
The team that comes first and does not lose a single ball wins.
"RACE OF BALLS IN A CIRCLE"
PREPARATION
The players stand in a circle at a distance of arms extended to the sides and are calculated for the first and second numbers. The first numbers - one team, the second - another. Two players standing side by side are appointed captains and given the ball to them.
GAME DESCRIPTION
On a signal, the captains begin to transfer (throw) the balls in a circle - one to the right, the other to the left, to their nearest players, that is, through one. The balls are thrown until they return to the captains.
The team that manages to move the ball faster around the circle wins. Having received the ball, the captains raise their hands with the ball up. The game can be played several times in a row.
REGULATIONS
1. The ball must be passed or thrown to your nearest neighbor. Each pass by a player counts as a penalty point. 2. If the balls collided in the air, the players, after the throw of which they collided, must quickly take their balls and, standing in their place, continue the game. 3. The winner is the team that finished passing the ball around the circle earlier and has no penalty points.
"GOOD TO THE GOAL"
PREPARATION
A line is drawn in the middle of the site, along which 10 towns (maces) are placed. The players are divided into two teams and line up one behind the other on one side of the site facing the towns. Participants in front of the standing line receive a small ball. A start line is drawn in front of the line.
GAME DESCRIPTION
On the established signal of the leader, the players of the first rank throw balls into the towns (maces), trying to knock them down. Downed towns are counted and put in place. The guys who threw the balls run, pick them up and pass them to the members of the next team, and they themselves stand in line behind them. At the command of the leader, the participants in the second rank (team) also throw balls at the towns. Again, the downed towns are counted. So they play 2-4 times. The team that manages to knock down more towns in several times wins.
REGULATIONS
1. Throwing balls is possible only at the signal of the leader.
2. When throwing, it is impossible to go beyond the starting line - in this case, the throw does not count.
